Date palm inflorescence rot (known as Khamedj disease) caused by Mauginiella scaettae is a serious problem in most date palm-growing areas of the world, and it causes considerable yield loss. The extensive use of fungicides has resulted in the emergence of fungicide-resistant pathogens, and concerns have been raised over the residual effects on the environment and human health. In this regard, biocontrol agents have been proposed as an alternative to standard fungicides. The aim of our study was to evaluate the biocontrol agent Aspergillus niger against the pathogen M. scaettae. In vitro confrontation tests between M. scaettae and A. niger showed that, after 10 days of incubation, the Petri dish was almost completely covered by the antagonist A. niger, while the pathogen M. scaettae occupied only 0.61±0.015 cm of diameter, which corresponds to a considerable inhibition of the mycelial growth (85.33%). Microscopic observations showed an abundant sporulation of A. niger around the colony of M. scaettae and marked a very important mycoparasitic power. In conclusion, the use of biological control agents is cost-effective, easy to use, and environmentally friendly for the control of Khamedj disease.
{"title":"Biocontrol potential of inflorescence rot of date palm caused by Mauginiella scaettae in the Biskra region (Algeria)","authors":"Hadjra Hammia, Yamina Bouatrous","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2023.11249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2023.11249","url":null,"abstract":"Date palm inflorescence rot (known as Khamedj disease) caused by Mauginiella scaettae is a serious problem in most date palm-growing areas of the world, and it causes considerable yield loss. The extensive use of fungicides has resulted in the emergence of fungicide-resistant pathogens, and concerns have been raised over the residual effects on the environment and human health. In this regard, biocontrol agents have been proposed as an alternative to standard fungicides. The aim of our study was to evaluate the biocontrol agent Aspergillus niger against the pathogen M. scaettae. In vitro confrontation tests between M. scaettae and A. niger showed that, after 10 days of incubation, the Petri dish was almost completely covered by the antagonist A. niger, while the pathogen M. scaettae occupied only 0.61±0.015 cm of diameter, which corresponds to a considerable inhibition of the mycelial growth (85.33%). Microscopic observations showed an abundant sporulation of A. niger around the colony of M. scaettae and marked a very important mycoparasitic power. In conclusion, the use of biological control agents is cost-effective, easy to use, and environmentally friendly for the control of Khamedj disease.","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89352882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Lakache, Hamza Aliboudhar, Mohcene Sadallah, Hinda Hacib, Meryem Fekiri, Amina Ihssane Zergat, Hassina Tounsi, A. Kameli
This study aimed to identify the main components of the essential oil extracted from Brocchia cinerea (Delile) Vis. via hydrodistillation and investigate its in vivo wound healing and analgesic properties. Thujone, santolina triene, camphor, and 1,8-cineole were among the compounds detected. Wounds were induced in mice and treated with essential oil, which resulted in accelerated wound healing and repair through topical application (88.1±1.1%). The study also evaluated the analgesic activity of the essential oil by administering intraperitoneal injections of acetic acid to mice. The results showed that B. cinerea essential oil at a dose of 400 mg/kg strongly inhibited pain, with a pain inhibition percentage of 95.5%. These findings indicate that the essential oil of B. cinerea has potential as a source of bioactive compounds that may have synergistic effects. Based on these results, the use of B. cinerea for therapeutic purposes in preventing pain and promoting wound healing is supported. These findings highlight the potential of B. cinerea in paving the way for future research aimed at the development of clinically valuable products.
{"title":"Wound healing and analgesic effects of Brocchia cinerea essential oil in experimental animals","authors":"Z. Lakache, Hamza Aliboudhar, Mohcene Sadallah, Hinda Hacib, Meryem Fekiri, Amina Ihssane Zergat, Hassina Tounsi, A. Kameli","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2023.11346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2023.11346","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study aimed to identify the main components of the essential oil extracted from Brocchia cinerea (Delile) Vis. via hydrodistillation and investigate its in vivo wound healing and analgesic properties. Thujone, santolina triene, camphor, and 1,8-cineole were among the compounds detected. Wounds were induced in mice and treated with essential oil, which resulted in accelerated wound healing and repair through topical application (88.1±1.1%). The study also evaluated the analgesic activity of the essential oil by administering intraperitoneal injections of acetic acid to mice. The results showed that B. cinerea essential oil at a dose of 400 mg/kg strongly inhibited pain, with a pain inhibition percentage of 95.5%. These findings indicate that the essential oil of B. cinerea has potential as a source of bioactive compounds that may have synergistic effects. Based on these results, the use of B. cinerea for therapeutic purposes in preventing pain and promoting wound healing is supported. These findings highlight the potential of B. cinerea in paving the way for future research aimed at the development of clinically valuable products.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90624555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. De Amici, R. Albertini, F. Barocci, T. Bosoni, L. Ciardelli, A. de Silvestri, G. Marseglia, G. Ciprandi
Iron is a primary component of the human body and exerts many functions, mainly concerning red cells and the immune system. In addition, there is evidence that iron-deficiency anemia is associated with allergic diseases. Type 2 inflammation characterizes allergic diseases. Peripheral eosinophils are a reliable biomarker for type 2 inflammation. Therefore, the present study investigated the possible relationship between iron metabolism and peripheral eosinophils in a large population. Eosinophils also play important roles in immune and tissue homeostasis. A growing body of data suggests tissue eosinophils represent a plastic and heterogeneous population of functional sub-phenotypes, shaped by environmental (systemic and local) factors. The retrospective study included 2795 subjects who were afferent to the Clinical Chemistry Analysis Laboratory during the year 2022. Men had higher peripheral eosinophil count than women (p<0.001). Furthermore, stratifications for sex, eosinophil, and hemoglobin cut-offs showed that men had more eosinophil counts than women. However, there was no correlation between iron biomarkers and peripheral eosinophils. The present study did not demonstrate a clear relationship between iron deficiency and peripheral eosinophil count. Even if this large population may include allergic subjects and patients with different diseases, it seems that iron does not directly affect eosinophil count.
{"title":"Iron metabolism and peripheral eosinophil count do not correlate in the general population","authors":"M. De Amici, R. Albertini, F. Barocci, T. Bosoni, L. Ciardelli, A. de Silvestri, G. Marseglia, G. Ciprandi","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2023.11352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2023.11352","url":null,"abstract":"Iron is a primary component of the human body and exerts many functions, mainly concerning red cells and the immune system. In addition, there is evidence that iron-deficiency anemia is associated with allergic diseases. Type 2 inflammation characterizes allergic diseases. Peripheral eosinophils are a reliable biomarker for type 2 inflammation. Therefore, the present study investigated the possible relationship between iron metabolism and peripheral eosinophils in a large population. Eosinophils also play important roles in immune and tissue homeostasis. A growing body of data suggests tissue eosinophils represent a plastic and heterogeneous population of functional sub-phenotypes, shaped by environmental (systemic and local) factors. The retrospective study included 2795 subjects who were afferent to the Clinical Chemistry Analysis Laboratory during the year 2022. Men had higher peripheral eosinophil count than women (p<0.001). Furthermore, stratifications for sex, eosinophil, and hemoglobin cut-offs showed that men had more eosinophil counts than women. However, there was no correlation between iron biomarkers and peripheral eosinophils. The present study did not demonstrate a clear relationship between iron deficiency and peripheral eosinophil count. Even if this large population may include allergic subjects and patients with different diseases, it seems that iron does not directly affect eosinophil count.","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77462635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Okwuonu, Chinwike Emmanuel Nnanna, Chigbogu Promise Nwakwocha, I. Okoye
Maize weevil is a major pest of stored maize grains in many regions of the world including Nigeria. A laboratory investigation was conducted to assess the potency of Ocimum gratissimum leaves for Sitophilus zeamais control. O. gratissimum powder was used for ethanolic extract preparation by soaking 300g of dry powdered plant material in 1.5 litres of ethanol for 24 hours at room temperature with continuous stirring for 10 minutes. The ethanolic extract tested for phytochemical constituents, including tannins, alkaloids, saponins, phenolic compounds terpenoids, steroids, glycoside, and flavonoids, were all present except steroids. Exposure of adult S zeamais to different concentrations of ethanolic extract generated significant cumulative mortality, and increased as the concentration increased; 35.5%, 64.4%, 95.5%, and 100% mortalities of S zeamais at 30,150, 250, and 750 mg/ml extract, respectively. The capacity of the extract to induce 100% mortality at 750mg/ml concentration revealed its potential as an insecticidal agent, evoked low weight loss, and seed damage against the weevils on grains treated with the highest dosage of the extract.The ethanolic extract of Ocimum gratissimum displayed high level of insecticidal activity against maize weevil suggesting high possibility of using it as toxicants, repellents, feeding deterrents, and food poisoning agents in integrated pest management strategies of Sitophilus zeamais.
{"title":"Pesticidal effects of scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum L.) on maize weevil: potency of scent leaf on Sitophilus zeamais","authors":"E. Okwuonu, Chinwike Emmanuel Nnanna, Chigbogu Promise Nwakwocha, I. Okoye","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2023.11246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2023.11246","url":null,"abstract":"Maize weevil is a major pest of stored maize grains in many regions of the world including Nigeria. A laboratory investigation was conducted to assess the potency of Ocimum gratissimum leaves for Sitophilus zeamais control. O. gratissimum powder was used for ethanolic extract preparation by soaking 300g of dry powdered plant material in 1.5 litres of ethanol for 24 hours at room temperature with continuous stirring for 10 minutes. The ethanolic extract tested for phytochemical constituents, including tannins, alkaloids, saponins, phenolic compounds terpenoids, steroids, glycoside, and flavonoids, were all present except steroids. Exposure of adult S zeamais to different concentrations of ethanolic extract generated significant cumulative mortality, and increased as the concentration increased; 35.5%, 64.4%, 95.5%, and 100% mortalities of S zeamais at 30,150, 250, and 750 mg/ml extract, respectively. The capacity of the extract to induce 100% mortality at 750mg/ml concentration revealed its potential as an insecticidal agent, evoked low weight loss, and seed damage against the weevils on grains treated with the highest dosage of the extract.The ethanolic extract of Ocimum gratissimum displayed high level of insecticidal activity against maize weevil suggesting high possibility of using it as toxicants, repellents, feeding deterrents, and food poisoning agents in integrated pest management strategies of Sitophilus zeamais.","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74882879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ekementeabasi Aniebo Umoh, H. Okoroiwu, M. Uchenwa, Effiom-ekaha Otu Otu, Joseph Okon Asuquo, E. E. Osim
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) are used to treat acute and chronic musculoskeletal problems (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout injuries), headaches, dental aches, surgical pains, and dysmenorrhea. Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause ulcers. Ginger, a common spice, is anti-inflammatory. Ginger's anti-inflammatory qualities make it suitable for the herbal treatment of inflammatory diseases in numerous cultures. This study examined the effects of ginger, an anti-inflammatory plant, and aspirin, a NSAID, on animal stomachs and body weight. Both are used to treat inflammatory conditions in various nations. Given that aspirin has been linked to stomach ulcers, the study sought to determine if ginger had a larger stomach cytoprotective impact. The study hopes to determine if ginger, a medicinal herb, might reduce inflammation and weight. This study used 45 male Wistar rats. Three 15-rat groups—Control, Ginger, and Aspirin—were created. Five (5) rats in each group were utilized to assess mucus, ulcer scores, and pepsin secretion from the 15 rats in each group. Three animal groups received food and water daily. For four weeks, ginger group mice received 150 mg/kg aqueous ginger extract, while aspirin group animals received 150 mg/kg aspirin. At the end of the trial, ginger group animals had considerably lower mucus secretion than the control and aspirin groups. At 0.05 significance difference, the ginger group's pepsin secretion was significantly higher than the control and aspirin groups, although the ulcer score was significantly higher in the aspirin group. Ginger and aspirin groups had lower body weight changes than the control group at 0.05 significant differences. Ginger may treat inflammatory diseases, according to ulcer scores, and decrease weight gain.
{"title":"Comparative effect of ginger (an anti-inflammatory medicinal herb) and aspirin (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) on cytoprotection and body weight changes in male albino Wistar rats","authors":"Ekementeabasi Aniebo Umoh, H. Okoroiwu, M. Uchenwa, Effiom-ekaha Otu Otu, Joseph Okon Asuquo, E. E. Osim","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2023.10633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2023.10633","url":null,"abstract":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) are used to treat acute and chronic musculoskeletal problems (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout injuries), headaches, dental aches, surgical pains, and dysmenorrhea. Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause ulcers. Ginger, a common spice, is anti-inflammatory. Ginger's anti-inflammatory qualities make it suitable for the herbal treatment of inflammatory diseases in numerous cultures. This study examined the effects of ginger, an anti-inflammatory plant, and aspirin, a NSAID, on animal stomachs and body weight. Both are used to treat inflammatory conditions in various nations. Given that aspirin has been linked to stomach ulcers, the study sought to determine if ginger had a larger stomach cytoprotective impact. The study hopes to determine if ginger, a medicinal herb, might reduce inflammation and weight. This study used 45 male Wistar rats. Three 15-rat groups—Control, Ginger, and Aspirin—were created. Five (5) rats in each group were utilized to assess mucus, ulcer scores, and pepsin secretion from the 15 rats in each group. Three animal groups received food and water daily. For four weeks, ginger group mice received 150 mg/kg aqueous ginger extract, while aspirin group animals received 150 mg/kg aspirin. At the end of the trial, ginger group animals had considerably lower mucus secretion than the control and aspirin groups. At 0.05 significance difference, the ginger group's pepsin secretion was significantly higher than the control and aspirin groups, although the ulcer score was significantly higher in the aspirin group. Ginger and aspirin groups had lower body weight changes than the control group at 0.05 significant differences. Ginger may treat inflammatory diseases, according to ulcer scores, and decrease weight gain.","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84837863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease characterized by a type 2 immune response. Pollens are a common cause of seasonal asthma. Allergic rhinitis (AR) frequently associates with asthma. The treatment usually aims at controlling inflammation and relieving symptoms. Inhaled corticosteroids are the most effective controller and short-acting b2-agonists (SABA) as a reliever for asthma. Oral antihistamines and nasal corticosteroids (NC) are the mainstays for AR. A multicomponent nutraceutical containing perilla, quercetin, and vitamin D3 significantly prevented AR exacerbations in children. Thus, the current study explored the add-on use in adult patients with mild persistent asthma and AR due to grass pollen allergy. Methods The treatment lasted three months. Asthma and AR symptoms, asthma control test, spirometry, nasal eosinophils, and use of rescue medications (SABA and NC) were evaluated in the previous grass season and throughout the treatment. All patients were treated with ciclesonide (320 mcg/day) and cetirizine (10 mg/day). Patients were randomly stratified into Group A, taking the nutraceutical, and Group B using the predetermined therapy. Results 90 patients (13-59 years old) were enrolled, and 84 completed the trial. Group A significantly improved all outcomes (p<0.001). Group B did not achieve an improvement in AR symptoms, nasal eosinophils, and nasal steroid use. The intergroup analysis showed that Group A patients experienced less severe bronchial symptoms (- 32 %), AR symptoms (- 39 %), better asthma control (+ 38 %), higher FEV1 (+ 10 %), lower SABA (- 30 %) and NC use (- 41 %), and nasal eosinophils count (- 35 %) than Group B (p<0.0001 for all). No clinically relevant adverse events occurred. Conclusion A multicomponent nutraceutical containing perilla, quercetin, and vitamin D3, as an add-on treatment to inhaled ciclesonide and cetirizine, provided a clinically relevant benefit in patients with mild persistent asthma and AR due to grass pollen uncontrolled by standard therapy.
{"title":"A multicomponent nutraceutical (Perilla frutescens, quercetin, and vitamin D3) as add-on therapy in patients with grass pollen-induced mild persistent asthma and rhinitis","authors":"M. Marogna, G. Ciprandi","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2023.11146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2023.11146","url":null,"abstract":"Background Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease characterized by a type 2 immune response. Pollens are a common cause of seasonal asthma. Allergic rhinitis (AR) frequently associates with asthma. The treatment usually aims at controlling inflammation and relieving symptoms. Inhaled corticosteroids are the most effective controller and short-acting b2-agonists (SABA) as a reliever for asthma. Oral antihistamines and nasal corticosteroids (NC) are the mainstays for AR. A multicomponent nutraceutical containing perilla, quercetin, and vitamin D3 significantly prevented AR exacerbations in children. Thus, the current study explored the add-on use in adult patients with mild persistent asthma and AR due to grass pollen allergy. \u0000Methods The treatment lasted three months. Asthma and AR symptoms, asthma control test, spirometry, nasal eosinophils, and use of rescue medications (SABA and NC) were evaluated in the previous grass season and throughout the treatment. All patients were treated with ciclesonide (320 mcg/day) and cetirizine (10 mg/day). Patients were randomly stratified into Group A, taking the nutraceutical, and Group B using the predetermined therapy. \u0000Results 90 patients (13-59 years old) were enrolled, and 84 completed the trial. Group A significantly improved all outcomes (p<0.001). Group B did not achieve an improvement in AR symptoms, nasal eosinophils, and nasal steroid use. The intergroup analysis showed that Group A patients experienced less severe bronchial symptoms (- 32 %), AR symptoms (- 39 %), better asthma control (+ 38 %), higher FEV1 (+ 10 %), lower SABA (- 30 %) and NC use (- 41 %), and nasal eosinophils count (- 35 %) than Group B (p<0.0001 for all). \u0000No clinically relevant adverse events occurred. \u0000Conclusion A multicomponent nutraceutical containing perilla, quercetin, and vitamin D3, as an add-on treatment to inhaled ciclesonide and cetirizine, provided a clinically relevant benefit in patients with mild persistent asthma and AR due to grass pollen uncontrolled by standard therapy.","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84466415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study provides taxonomic and ecological data on Hemiptera (Insecta) order prevalence in Berati region habitats in Southern Albania. Diverse natural environments, fields, and hilly and mountainous habitats characterize this region. The expeditions for the biological material collection were organized during 2018-2020 in six stations from May to September. Our study refers to 38 species, representing 28 genera and 10 families of the order Hemiptera. Taxonomical results on the family distribution indicate that the highest belonged to Pentatomidae, with 12 species or 31.5%, followed by Miridae, with 9 species and 23.6%. Regarding species diversity, the Lybesha station had the highest diversity, with 16 species or 41.1%, while the Lapardha station had the lowest diversity, with six species or 15.7%. Estimating species similarity by the Jaccard coefficient indicates the Lybesha and Peshtani stations, with four common species and a species similarity coefficient of 16.6%, reflecting the ecological factors' similarity between these stations.
{"title":"Taxonomic and ecological data on the Hemiptera fauna from Berati region habitats in Albania","authors":"E. Halimi, A. Paparisto, Era Alameti","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2023.11105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2023.11105","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides taxonomic and ecological data on Hemiptera (Insecta) order prevalence in Berati region habitats in Southern Albania. Diverse natural environments, fields, and hilly and mountainous habitats characterize this region. The expeditions for the biological material collection were organized during 2018-2020 in six stations from May to September. Our study refers to 38 species, representing 28 genera and 10 families of the order Hemiptera. Taxonomical results on the family distribution indicate that the highest belonged to Pentatomidae, with 12 species or 31.5%, followed by Miridae, with 9 species and 23.6%. Regarding species diversity, the Lybesha station had the highest diversity, with 16 species or 41.1%, while the Lapardha station had the lowest diversity, with six species or 15.7%. Estimating species similarity by the Jaccard coefficient indicates the Lybesha and Peshtani stations, with four common species and a species similarity coefficient of 16.6%, reflecting the ecological factors' similarity between these stations.","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91307379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Mouffouk, Chaima Mouffouk, Soumia Mouffouk, Ahmed Hachem Mekki, Abderrahman Moumen Messaoud, Hamada Haba
This research is focused on the estimation of total bioactive contents and the evaluation of in vitro pharmacological activities of crude extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) obtained from the species Atractylis cancellata. The antioxidant activity was assessed by three different techniques. The antibacterial activity was determined using the agar disk diffusion assay against five bacterial strains. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the ovalbumin method. According to the results, A. cancellata extracts are rich in several classes of secondary metabolites, especially steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. In addition, the tested extracts showed very interesting antioxidant activities in DPPH and FRAP assays and important correlation coefficients between the results of antioxidant activities and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found. Moreover, all the tested extracts displayed an antibacterial effect at least against three bacterial strains. The petroleum ether extract inhibited the growth of all the tested bacteria in a dose-dependent manner except Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and it revealed a strong anti-inflammatory activity (81.77±0.05%). We conclude that A. cancellata could be an important source of natural pharmacological candidates against oxidative stress, inflammatory and microbial diseases.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the medicinal species Atractylis cancellata","authors":"Sara Mouffouk, Chaima Mouffouk, Soumia Mouffouk, Ahmed Hachem Mekki, Abderrahman Moumen Messaoud, Hamada Haba","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2023.11096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2023.11096","url":null,"abstract":"This research is focused on the estimation of total bioactive contents and the evaluation of in vitro pharmacological activities of crude extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) obtained from the species Atractylis cancellata. The antioxidant activity was assessed by three different techniques. The antibacterial activity was determined using the agar disk diffusion assay against five bacterial strains. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the ovalbumin method. According to the results, A. cancellata extracts are rich in several classes of secondary metabolites, especially steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. In addition, the tested extracts showed very interesting antioxidant activities in DPPH and FRAP assays and important correlation coefficients between the results of antioxidant activities and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found. Moreover, all the tested extracts displayed an antibacterial effect at least against three bacterial strains. The petroleum ether extract inhibited the growth of all the tested bacteria in a dose-dependent manner except Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and it revealed a strong anti-inflammatory activity (81.77±0.05%). We conclude that A. cancellata could be an important source of natural pharmacological candidates against oxidative stress, inflammatory and microbial diseases.","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78272717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Benetti, Marta Micheletto, E. Tedesco, Elisa Gaio, G. Ciprandi
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disease characterized by alternate symptoms (diarrhea and constipation) and intestinal gas overproduction. A new medical device (Fibergone®), containing Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum (PHGG) and Simethicone (SM) has been proposed for managing patients with bowel disorders. PHGG acts also as a prebiotic so increasing the Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) production, useful for intestinal physiology. This in vitro study investigated the effects exerted by PHGG+SM on SCFA production and their intestinal absorption following in vitro digestive process and fermentation model. An in vitro model evaluated the digestive process and fermentation using simulated digestive fluids and a human intestinal epithelium in vitro model derived from based on intestinal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells (ATCC, HTB-37TM) and organized as a functional monolayer on Transwell® inserts. PHGG+SM was added in experiments and compared with a control (non-treated). SCFA production and absorption were assessed. Viability and barrier integrity of the of the intestinal epithelium model were also evaluated. PHGG+SM significantly (p<0.05) increased SCFAs content after fermentation, indicating that this medical device is effectively fermented at the large intestine level. However, in relation to SCFAs bioavailability, their absorption did not increase compared to the non-treated condition in the light of the physiological contribution of SCFAs resulting from the microflora. PHGG+SM did not affect intestinal epithelium apparent permeability (Papp) and viability. This in vitro study documented that partially hydrolyzed guar gum combined with simethicone significantly affects short-chain fatty acids production and consequently could be fruitfully employed in managing patients with intestinal disorders.
{"title":"Evaluation of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) intestinal absorption, following digestion and fermentation of a novel medical device containing partially-hydrolyzed Guar gum plus simethicone","authors":"F. Benetti, Marta Micheletto, E. Tedesco, Elisa Gaio, G. Ciprandi","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2023.11154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2023.11154","url":null,"abstract":"Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disease characterized by alternate symptoms (diarrhea and constipation) and intestinal gas overproduction. A new medical device (Fibergone®), containing Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum (PHGG) and Simethicone (SM) has been proposed for managing patients with bowel disorders. PHGG acts also as a prebiotic so increasing the Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) production, useful for intestinal physiology. This in vitro study investigated the effects exerted by PHGG+SM on SCFA production and their intestinal absorption following in vitro digestive process and fermentation model. An in vitro model evaluated the digestive process and fermentation using simulated digestive fluids and a human intestinal epithelium in vitro model derived from based on intestinal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells (ATCC, HTB-37TM) and organized as a functional monolayer on Transwell® inserts. PHGG+SM was added in experiments and compared with a control (non-treated). SCFA production and absorption were assessed. Viability and barrier integrity of the of the intestinal epithelium model were also evaluated. PHGG+SM significantly (p<0.05) increased SCFAs content after fermentation, indicating that this medical device is effectively fermented at the large intestine level. However, in relation to SCFAs bioavailability, their absorption did not increase compared to the non-treated condition in the light of the physiological contribution of SCFAs resulting from the microflora. PHGG+SM did not affect intestinal epithelium apparent permeability (Papp) and viability. This in vitro study documented that partially hydrolyzed guar gum combined with simethicone significantly affects short-chain fatty acids production and consequently could be fruitfully employed in managing patients with intestinal disorders.","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86908777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Tjahyadi, Edy Parwanto, Husnun Amalia, R. Digambiro, Hosea Jaya Edy, Ashaolu Victoria Oladimeji
Filtered kretek cigarette smoke is a gas that contains solid components (particulates). Carcinogenic chemicals are present in this type of cigarette smoke. Furthermore, it is said that tobacco has a major negative impact on cerebral structure development, creates addiction, and alters brain activity and function. The purpose of this study was to see how filtered kretek cigarette smoke affected the density of pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex and Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex. An experimental and control group design was used for the study. Group 1 (6 rats) is the control group, and the rats breathe normally. Group 2 (6 rats) was exposed to filtered kretek cigarette smoke at a rate of one stick per day for three months. Pyramidal cells in the rat cerebral cortex and Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex were studied. Pyramidal cells were expected to be distributed in the cerebral cortex at the hippocampus area of rats in group 1. In contrast, the density of pyramidal cells decreased in group 2. The number of pyramidal cells in the rat cerebral cortex differed significantly between groups 1 and 2 (p<0.001). Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex in group 1 were normal, whereas Purkinje cells in group 2 were degenerated. The distance between Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex was greater in group 1 than in group 2 (p<0.001). Rats exposed to 1 stick of Kretek cigarette smoke each day for 3 months had lower pyramidal cell density in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The same result happened: one stick of Kretek cigarette smoke each day for three months reduced Purkinje cell density in the cerebellar cortex.
{"title":"Decreased density of pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex, and Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex of Sprague-Dawley rats after being exposed to filtered kretek cigarette smoke","authors":"David Tjahyadi, Edy Parwanto, Husnun Amalia, R. Digambiro, Hosea Jaya Edy, Ashaolu Victoria Oladimeji","doi":"10.4081/jbr.2023.10757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2023.10757","url":null,"abstract":"Filtered kretek cigarette smoke is a gas that contains solid components (particulates). Carcinogenic chemicals are present in this type of cigarette smoke. Furthermore, it is said that tobacco has a major negative impact on cerebral structure development, creates addiction, and alters brain activity and function. The purpose of this study was to see how filtered kretek cigarette smoke affected the density of pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex and Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex. An experimental and control group design was used for the study. Group 1 (6 rats) is the control group, and the rats breathe normally. Group 2 (6 rats) was exposed to filtered kretek cigarette smoke at a rate of one stick per day for three months. Pyramidal cells in the rat cerebral cortex and Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex were studied. Pyramidal cells were expected to be distributed in the cerebral cortex at the hippocampus area of rats in group 1. In contrast, the density of pyramidal cells decreased in group 2. The number of pyramidal cells in the rat cerebral cortex differed significantly between groups 1 and 2 (p<0.001). Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex in group 1 were normal, whereas Purkinje cells in group 2 were degenerated. The distance between Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex was greater in group 1 than in group 2 (p<0.001). Rats exposed to 1 stick of Kretek cigarette smoke each day for 3 months had lower pyramidal cell density in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The same result happened: one stick of Kretek cigarette smoke each day for three months reduced Purkinje cell density in the cerebellar cortex.","PeriodicalId":9116,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80385481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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