Reduced order WECC modeling for frequency response and energy storage integration

Pranathi Bhattacharji, T. Brekken
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

This paper presents a simple reduced order model of the western grid interconnect (WECC) that includes interconnect inertia, load frequency response, and generation primary frequency response. The model is validated against detailed power flow and transient response studies and recreates the WECC frequency response to a large generator outage to within 0.01 Hz RMSE, with the same frequency nadir and settling frequency. To properly capture the generation primary response, three classes of generation are used: slow, medium, and fast. The slow group responds with a time constant of 27 seconds, the medium group with a time constant of 19 seconds, and the fast group with a time constant of 0.5 seconds. The model is used to investigate the usage of domestic water heaters to assist in primary frequency response and reduce the impact of sudden load or generation changes. It is shown that even a very small-scale implementation of demand response via domestic hot water heaters (about 1 %) can improve the frequency nadir by 10 %, from 59.666 Hz to 59.697 Hz. The settling frequency is improved from 59.768 Hz to 59.789 Hz.
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频率响应和储能集成的低阶WECC建模
本文提出了包含互联惯性、负荷频率响应和发电主频率响应的西部电网互联简单降阶模型。该模型通过详细的功率流和瞬态响应研究进行了验证,并在相同的频率最低点和沉降频率下,将大型发电机停电时的WECC频率响应重建为0.01 Hz RMSE以内。为了正确地捕获发电主响应,使用了三类发电:慢、中、快。慢组响应时间常数为27秒,中组响应时间常数为19秒,快组响应时间常数为0.5秒。该模型用于调查家用热水器的使用情况,以协助一次频率响应并减少突然负荷或发电变化的影响。研究表明,即使通过家用热水器实施非常小规模的需求响应(约1%),也可以将频率最低点提高10%,从59.666 Hz提高到59.697 Hz。沉降频率由59.768 Hz提高到59.789 Hz。
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