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2015 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)最新文献

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CFD study of compost waste heat for use in a hybrid solar tower 混合太阳能塔堆肥余热的CFD研究
Pub Date : 2015-11-02 DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314325
K. Anderson, Maryam Shafahi, R. B. Lakeh, Sean Monemi, Christopher McNamara
The goal of this research is to use Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to numerically investigate the heat transfer associated with the waste heat released from using compost to assist the flow in a solar chimney. The novelty of the current research is the hybrid aspect of using a solar chimney in conjunction with compost waste heat to enhance the performance of the solar chimney. Additionally, the hybrid device will use photovoltaics stored on the roof of the solar chimney to generate electricity. Many CFD studies are available in the literature regarding the optimization of the solar chimney, which indicate that the power generation of the chimney is directly proportional to the height of the chimney, as well as the diameter of the base of the chimney. The new contribution of our present research will be in using CFD to quantify and match empirical data for the release of heat from a composting pile, which is the key piece of technology in converting the composting waste heat into usable renewable energy. Preliminary feasibility studies have been performed by the authors indicate the hybrid solar chimney concept to be viable, i.e. a 300 m tall tower will generate approximately 40 kW, which is in qualitative and quantitative agreement with other archived published studies.
本研究的目的是使用计算流体动力学(CFD)来数值研究与使用堆肥释放的废热相关的传热,以辅助太阳能烟囱的流动。当前研究的新颖之处在于将太阳能烟囱与堆肥废热结合使用,以提高太阳能烟囱的性能。此外,混合装置将利用储存在太阳能烟囱屋顶上的光伏发电。文献中有许多关于太阳能烟囱优化的CFD研究,表明烟囱的发电量与烟囱的高度以及烟囱底部的直径成正比。我们目前研究的新贡献将是使用CFD来量化和匹配堆肥堆热量释放的经验数据,这是将堆肥废热转化为可用可再生能源的关键技术。作者进行的初步可行性研究表明,混合太阳能烟囱概念是可行的,即一座300米高的塔将产生大约40千瓦的电力,这与其他存档的已发表的研究在定性和定量上都是一致的。
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引用次数: 2
The conceptual models of energy behavior and energy behavioral change 能源行为与能源行为改变的概念模型
Pub Date : 2015-11-02 DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314331
N. Khansari, M. Mansouri, A. Mostashari
Population growth and continued trends of over-consumption and overpollution represent significant threats to the environment, which necessitate a move towards more sustainable approaches. Moving towards sustainability requires individuals' energy behavior change. Accordingly, this paper focuses on individuals' energy behavior in three levels: human-institutional, physical, and data levels. We investigate the role of information of smart systems on the energy behavioral change and present two integrated conceptual frameworks to increase the effective capacity of energy systems, facilitate energy consumption problem solving, and improve personal, social, and technical capabilities regarding energy consumption.
人口增长和过度消费和过度污染的持续趋势对环境构成重大威胁,因此必须采取更可持续的办法。迈向可持续发展需要个人能源行为的改变。因此,本文从人-制度、物理和数据三个层面对个体的能源行为进行了研究。我们研究了智能系统信息在能源行为变化中的作用,并提出了两个集成的概念框架,以提高能源系统的有效容量,促进能源消耗问题的解决,并提高个人、社会和技术在能源消耗方面的能力。
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引用次数: 3
A prognostics and health management method for instrumentation system remanufacturing 仪器仪表系统再制造预测与健康管理方法
Pub Date : 2015-11-02 DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314323
Kai Wang, Aidong Xu, Jing Tian, M. Pecht
Remanufacturing can effectively help reduce the environmental burden considering that it reduces both the natural resources needed and the waste produced. Currently, remanufacturing has been widely applied in the process instrumentation industry. Considering that the instrumentation makes up the brain of a process operation, how to remanufacture instrumentation plays a decisive role in the safety and economy of a plant. However, challenges such as what is the best time to performing remanufacturing and what components should be replaced, are still not being addressed because the remanufacturing decision-making method is missing. Therefore, a prognostics and health management (PHM)-based method is proposed for instrumentation system remanufacturing in this paper. First, different categories of components are identified for in-situ monitoring using failure modes, mechanisms, and effects analysis (FMMEA). Then, a system-level performance index (PI) for each component is calculated based on the PHM techniques. Finally, the component health index for each component is achieved based on the corresponding system-level PI by an application-specific mapping model. The remaining useful life of the instrumentation can be optimally used, and thus the cost of remanufacturing can be minimized by using the method proposed.
再制造既减少了所需的自然资源,又减少了产生的废物,因此可以有效地帮助减轻环境负担。目前,再制造在过程仪表行业得到了广泛的应用。仪器仪表是一个过程运行的大脑,如何进行仪器仪表的再制造对工厂的安全性和经济性起着决定性的作用。然而,由于缺乏再制造决策方法,诸如执行再制造的最佳时间以及应该更换哪些部件等挑战仍然没有得到解决。为此,本文提出了一种基于预测和健康管理的仪器仪表系统再制造方法。首先,利用失效模式、机制和影响分析(FMMEA)确定了不同类别的部件进行原位监测。然后,基于PHM技术计算每个组件的系统级性能指数(PI)。最后,通过特定于应用程序的映射模型,根据相应的系统级PI实现每个组件的组件运行状况索引。该方法可以最大限度地利用仪器的剩余使用寿命,从而最大限度地降低再制造成本。
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引用次数: 1
Increasing power capture from multibody wave energy conversion systems using model predictive control 利用模型预测控制增加多体波能转换系统的能量捕获
Pub Date : 2015-11-02 DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314316
M. Starrett, Ratanak So, T. Brekken, A. Mccall
This study presents an advanced control scheme capable of significantly increasing power production from wave energy conversion (WEC) systems. This control scheme uses a reactive power approach built upon a Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework and is capable of optimizing power capture while also respecting machine constraints (e.g. velocity, maximum force, etc.). The controller can also take into account body-to-body interactions to improve accuracy and maximize power across a system of devices. The result is a robust controller which requires only position and velocity as exogenous inputs. All other signals, including excitation force from the sea, are either estimated or predicted within the controller. It is applicable to any WEC (or array thereof) equipped with a power take off (PTO) which can deliver power - as opposed to absorbing alone - and it can be applied both in simulation and hardware. Results from this study show that improvements in average power capture of up to 500% vs. fixed passive damping are possible without exceeding reasonable machine constraints. These results were obtained in simulation using an array of five point absorber WECs in a realistic sea state.
本研究提出了一种先进的控制方案,能够显著提高波浪能转换(WEC)系统的发电量。该控制方案使用基于模型预测控制(MPC)框架的无功功率方法,能够优化功率捕获,同时也尊重机器约束(例如速度,最大力等)。控制器还可以考虑身体对身体的相互作用,以提高精度,并最大限度地提高整个设备系统的功率。结果是一个鲁棒控制器,它只需要位置和速度作为外生输入。所有其他信号,包括来自海洋的激励力,都在控制器内进行估计或预测。它适用于任何WEC(或其阵列)配备的电源起飞(PTO),可以提供功率-而不是单独吸收-它可以应用于仿真和硬件。这项研究的结果表明,在不超过合理的机器约束的情况下,与固定被动阻尼相比,平均功率捕获可以提高500%。这些结果是在实际海况下使用五点吸收器的模拟中得到的。
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引用次数: 8
A comprehensive analysis of voltage stability indices in the presence of distributed generation 分布式发电时电压稳定指标的综合分析
Pub Date : 2015-11-02 DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314329
Geethika Nannapaneni, T. Masaud, R. Challoo
The penetration level of conventional and renewable distributed generation (DG) has increased recently. Voltage stability is a key factor in determining optimal location and size of DGs in electric grid. DGs connected to distribution networks are potential to improve the system voltage stability. Placing DG units at weakest load buses (candidate buses) is a widely used technique which requires utilizing an effective voltage stability index. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of various voltage stability indices on utilizing DGs units optimally within certain limits and constraints. Important recommendations are concluded. The proposed study is demonstrated through power flow studies in IEEE 5-bus test system, using several scenarios of active and reactive load increase.
近年来,传统和可再生分布式发电(DG)的普及率有所提高。电压稳定性是决定dg在电网中最优位置和最优规模的关键因素。与配电网连接的dg有可能改善系统的电压稳定性。将DG单元放置在最弱负载母线(候选母线)上是一种广泛使用的技术,需要利用有效的电压稳定指数。本文评价了各种电压稳定指标在一定的限制条件下对dg机组的最优利用的有效性。总结了重要的建议。通过IEEE 5总线测试系统的潮流研究,在有功负荷和无功负荷增加的几种情况下对所提出的研究进行了验证。
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引用次数: 6
Portable solar power: Mobile elemental power plant II 便携式太阳能:移动式单质发电厂II
Pub Date : 2015-11-02 DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314313
Julanne K. McCulley
The design of portable power utilizing renewable energy sources has been instrumental in getting power to remote locations around the world. The Mobile Elemental Power Plant II is a small scale, off-grid, battery-based, portable system. It uses solar energy to provide 3000W of AC power from a battery bank, sustained by a 2160W array. The MEPP II is a self contained, towable system that can be quickly setup or torn down. The usefulness of MEPP II extends to remote medical sites, disaster relief locations, humanitarian projects, military applications, and rescue missions. The Engineering Technology department at Weber State University is using the various MEPP projects as instructional tools and for student capstone research projects.
利用可再生能源的便携式电源的设计在为世界各地的偏远地区提供电力方面发挥了重要作用。移动元素发电厂II是一个小型的、离网的、基于电池的便携式系统。它利用太阳能从电池组提供3000W的交流电源,由2160W的阵列供电。MEPP II是一个独立的、可拖曳的系统,可以快速安装或拆卸。MEPP II的用途扩展到远程医疗站点、救灾地点、人道主义项目、军事应用和救援任务。韦伯州立大学的工程技术系正在使用各种MEPP项目作为教学工具和学生的顶点研究项目。
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引用次数: 2
Status and challenges of residential and industrial non-intrusive load monitoring 住宅和工业非侵入式负荷监测的现状和挑战
Pub Date : 2015-11-02 DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314344
A. Adabi, P. Mantey, Emil Holmegaard, M. B. Kjaergaard
Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) is the process of identification of loads from an aggregate power interface using disaggregation algorithms. This paper identifies the current status, methodologies and challenges of NILM in residential and industrial settings. NILM has advanced substantially in recent years due to improvement in algorithms and methodologies. Currently, the important challenges facing residential NILM are inaccessibility of electricity meter high sampling data, and lack of reliable high resolution datasets. For industrial NILM the identification is more challenging due to increased number of loads and the variability of equipment type, temporal patterns and industrial secrecy. From our examination of data and its use in NILM, we observe that the number of devices that can be recognized and the training period required to achiever recognition is not only a function of the algorithms but more importantly is a function of sampling rates.
非侵入式负荷监测(NILM)是利用分解算法从聚合功率接口中识别负荷的过程。本文确定了NILM在住宅和工业环境中的现状、方法和挑战。近年来,由于算法和方法的改进,NILM取得了长足的进步。目前,住宅NILM面临的重要挑战是无法获取电表高采样数据,缺乏可靠的高分辨率数据集。对于工业NILM,由于负载数量的增加和设备类型、时间模式和工业保密的可变性,识别更具挑战性。从我们对数据及其在NILM中的使用的检查中,我们观察到可以识别的设备数量和实现识别所需的训练周期不仅是算法的函数,更重要的是采样率的函数。
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引用次数: 18
Solar energy for electric vehicles 电动汽车用太阳能
Pub Date : 2015-11-02 DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314352
Fred Chiou
Several energy efficiency projects have been performed on Weber State University campus in the past years. The achievement is remarkable. This paper will address the design of a pilot project, Solar Charging Station, through student's senior project for education and research. Students will learn the theory of solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems and to build an experimental solar stations to charge the electric bikes and electric motorcycle. The system will be demonstrated for two new courses, Renewable Energy and Solar PV Systems. The project is supported by the Office of Energy and Sustainability at the University. If the pilot project is successful, more solar charging stations will be installed on campus. The goals of this project are to educate the students of the University with the concept of sustainability, the theory and hands-on experience of solar energy applications and to promote the sustainability on campus by utilizing renewable energy.
在过去的几年里,在韦伯州立大学校园里进行了几个能源效率项目。成就是非凡的。本文将通过学生高年级的教育和研究项目,来解决一个试点项目太阳能充电站的设计。学生将学习太阳能光伏(PV)系统的理论,并建立一个实验性的太阳能站,为电动自行车和电动摩托车充电。该系统将在可再生能源和太阳能光伏系统这两个新课程中进行演示。该项目得到了该大学能源与可持续发展办公室的支持。如果试点项目取得成功,校园内将安装更多的太阳能充电站。该项目的目标是向大学的学生传授可持续发展的概念、太阳能应用的理论和实践经验,并通过利用可再生能源促进校园的可持续发展。
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引用次数: 6
Thermal power satellite design and mass calculation 火电卫星的设计与质量计算
Pub Date : 2015-11-02 DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314315
K. Henson
Electricity is a commodity. The primary way to gain market share with commodities is lower prices. Base load electrical energy from coal costs about 4 cents per kWh. Three cent per kWh power from space would undercut coal by 25%. To reach that cost requires a capital investment of no more than $2400/kW ($12 B for a 5 GWe power satellite). This capital investment requires a transport cost to GEO of no more than $200/kg and a specific power of 6.5 kg/kW or less. This paper is an analysis of a thermal type power satellite that may meet the target kg/kW. If we can meet that goal and the transport cost goal, then energy from space will undercut the cost of electrical energy from coal.
电是一种商品。通过大宗商品获得市场份额的主要途径是降低价格。煤发电的基本负荷成本约为每千瓦时4美分。每千瓦时3美分的太空电力将使燃煤发电的成本降低25%。要达到这一成本,需要的资本投资不超过2400美元/千瓦(5gwe电力卫星需要120亿美元)。这项资本投资要求到GEO的运输成本不超过200美元/公斤,比功率不超过6.5公斤/千瓦。本文分析了一种能够满足kg/kW目标的热动力卫星。如果我们能达到这个目标和运输成本目标,那么来自太空的能源将会降低煤炭发电的成本。
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引用次数: 2
Wind farm layout optimization using sound pressure level constraints 基于声压级约束的风电场布局优化
Pub Date : 2015-11-02 DOI: 10.1109/SUSTECH.2015.7314339
E. Tingey, Jared J. Thomas, A. Ning
This project explored wind farm layout optimization using turbine acoustic and wake models. For two existing wind farms, the position of each wind turbine was optimized to maximize power output while constraining noise. Semi-empirical calculations were used for both the acoustic and wake models to predict how the turbine noise and wake disturbances propagated downstream. Turbine layout was optimized using a sequential quadratic programming optimizer called SNOPT. The optimization was able to constrain the noise level of the wind farms with a small impact on power output.
该项目利用涡轮声学和尾流模型探索风电场布局优化。对于现有的两个风电场,优化了每个风力涡轮机的位置,以最大限度地提高功率输出,同时抑制噪音。声学和尾流模型采用半经验计算来预测涡轮噪声和尾流扰动如何向下游传播。涡轮布局采用顺序二次规划优化器SNOPT进行优化。该优化能够在对输出功率影响很小的情况下约束风电场的噪声水平。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
2015 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)
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