Civil Sphere and Transitions to Peace: Cultural Trauma and Civil Repair

Jeffrey C. Alexander
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Abstract

What are the conditions for establishing solidarity after a period of intensive and divisive social conflict — what Kant called a cosmopolitan constitution? In this essay, I argue that such a widened solidarity depends on establishing a relatively independent civil sphere, the effective functioning of whose institutions depend, in turn, on a shared sacred discourse of civility. To speak such a shared language, however, requires much more than engaging in speech acts. It depends upon a deeply emotional and highly symbolic process, one in which public performances of reconciliation create new structures of feeling and identification. This theoretical argument is elaborated empirically with reference to post-Holocaust Germany, post-Franco Spain, and post-Apartheid South Africa.
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民间领域与和平过渡:文化创伤与民间修复
在经历了一段激烈而分裂的社会冲突——康德所说的世界主义宪法——之后,建立团结的条件是什么?在本文中,我认为,这种扩大的团结依赖于建立一个相对独立的公民领域,其机构的有效运作反过来依赖于文明的共同神圣话语。然而,要讲这样一种共同的语言,需要的不仅仅是参与语言行为。它依赖于一个深刻的情感和高度象征的过程,在这个过程中,和解的公共表演创造了新的感觉和认同结构。这一理论论点是根据后大屠杀时期的德国、后佛朗哥时期的西班牙和后种族隔离时期的南非的经验来阐述的。
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