Ukrainian migrants on the Polish labor market

Valentyn Lukonin
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Abstract

The article attempts to analyze publications that were published in Polish Internet publications and were devoted to the topic of the presence of Ukrainian migrants (and from 24.02 - refugees) at the Polish labor market. A contextual comparison of the situation of Ukrainian citizens in Poland before and after the beginning of the Russian invasion was carried out, changes in the structure of their employment and prospects for further employment were identified. The list of social guarantees provided by the Polish government to ensure maximum adaptation of Ukrainian citizens in the social and labor environment is considered. The potential threats and fears arising in the Polish society in connection with the large-scale immigration of the Ukrainian population are indicated. The purpose of the article is to highlight the current situation of Ukrainian migrants on the Polish labor market and the main problems they face in the process of employment, as well as to study the transformation of employment practices, sociodemographic characteristics and forecasts in the field of employment. The conducted analysis shows that Ukrainian workers were and remain in demand on the Polish labor market, but some aspects of their employment (gender ratio) and, accordingly, the sphere of labor activity have changed. It is noted that the military actions, which are currently the main reason for the departure of Ukrainians (to a greater extent - Ukrainian women) abroad, were added to socio-economic motives, namely: a higher level of wages and quality of life in a neighboring country, more favorable employment conditions, geographical and cultural proximity. The author emphasizes that the results of the analyzed studies conducted at the time of writing the article, regarding the positions held by Ukrainian migrants, may change somewhat after the collection of statistical data by the Polish services responsible for the tax sector.
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波兰劳动力市场上的乌克兰移民
本文试图分析波兰网路出版物上发表的出版物,这些出版物专门讨论了乌克兰移民(以及24.02年的难民)在波兰劳动力市场上的存在。对俄罗斯入侵开始前后在波兰的乌克兰公民的情况进行了背景比较,确定了其就业结构的变化和进一步就业的前景。考虑了波兰政府为确保乌克兰公民最大程度地适应社会和劳动环境而提供的社会保障清单。文中指出了波兰社会因乌克兰人口大规模移民而产生的潜在威胁和恐惧。本文的目的是突出乌克兰移民在波兰劳动力市场的现状和他们在就业过程中面临的主要问题,并研究就业实践的转变、就业领域的社会人口特征和预测。所进行的分析表明,波兰劳动力市场过去和现在都需要乌克兰工人,但是他们就业的某些方面(性别比例)以及因此劳动活动的范围发生了变化。委员会指出,军事行动目前是乌克兰人(在很大程度上是乌克兰妇女)离开国外的主要原因,而军事行动又增添了社会经济动机,即:邻国的工资水平和生活质量较高,就业条件较有利,地理和文化接近。发件人强调,在撰写这篇文章时所进行的关于乌克兰移徙者所持职位的分析研究的结果,在负责税务部门的波兰部门收集统计数据后可能会有所改变。
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