The evolution of “riskscapes”: 100 years of climate change and mountaineering activity in the Lake Louise area of the Canadian Rockies

IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Climatic Change Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI:10.1007/s10584-024-03698-2
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Abstract

Climate change is contributing to the rapid warming of mountain environments, resulting in glacial retreat, diminished snowpacks, and permafrost thaw. Such rapid changes have transformed the riskscape of mountaineering routes, altering climbing conditions and increasing objective hazards. In response, this study used a mixed methods approach that combines statistical climatological analysis with archival content analysis and semi-structured interviews with mountain guides to explore the relationship between climate change, route conditions, hazards, and adaptations in the Abbot Pass area of Banff National Park (Canada). Results revealed that long-term climatic shifts contributed to change in climbing conditions and objective hazards across all routes, creating a typology of climate-driven route evolution based on the original route characteristics. Mountaineers adapted to such change by employing spatial/activity and temporal substitutions to mitigate risks and exploit emergent opportunities. However, the use of such strategies was influenced by demographic (i.e., age, years of experience) and socio-cultural factors (i.e., place attachment, risk tolerance) and limited by hard limits to adaptation. Given the projected trajectory of climate change, our findings highlight the potential inevitability of mountaineers encountering such limits, resulting in forced transformations and significant loss and damages. Therefore, it is imperative to examine both the economic and non-economic consequences of these shifts and evaluate the ability of mountaineers and tourism providers to navigate a significantly transformed climate future in mountainous areas. While focused on a Canadian context, the findings and methodologies developed herein are relevant to other mountain geographies, where climate change is rapidly transforming environments frequented by mountaineers and represents a call to action for more research in field of climate change, adaptation, and mountaineering.

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风险景观 "的演变:加拿大落基山脉路易斯湖地区 100 年的气候变化和登山活动
摘要 气候变化导致山区环境迅速变暖,造成冰川退缩、积雪减少和永久冻土融化。这种快速变化改变了登山路线的风险景观,改变了登山条件,增加了客观危险。为此,本研究采用了一种混合方法,将气候学统计分析与档案内容分析和对登山向导的半结构式访谈相结合,探讨了加拿大班夫国家公园艾博特山口地区的气候变化、线路条件、危险和适应之间的关系。研究结果表明,长期的气候变迁导致所有路线的攀登条件和客观危险发生了变化,从而在原有路线特征的基础上形成了由气候驱动的路线演变类型。登山者通过空间/活动和时间上的替代来适应这种变化,以降低风险和利用新出现的机会。然而,这些策略的使用受到人口(即年龄、经验年限)和社会文化因素(即对地方的依恋、风险容忍度)的影响,并受到适应硬限制的限制。鉴于预测的气候变化轨迹,我们的研究结果突出表明,登山者可能不可避免地会遇到这些限制,从而导致被迫转型以及重大损失和破坏。因此,当务之急是研究这些变化的经济和非经济后果,并评估登山者和旅游提供者在山区气候发生重大变化的未来的驾驭能力。本文的研究结果和方法虽然以加拿大为背景,但也适用于其他山区,因为气候变化正在迅速改变登山者经常光顾的环境,同时也呼吁人们采取行动,在气候变化、适应性和登山运动领域开展更多研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Climatic Change
Climatic Change 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
10.20
自引率
4.20%
发文量
180
审稿时长
7.5 months
期刊介绍: Climatic Change is dedicated to the totality of the problem of climatic variability and change - its descriptions, causes, implications and interactions among these. The purpose of the journal is to provide a means of exchange among those working in different disciplines on problems related to climatic variations. This means that authors have an opportunity to communicate the essence of their studies to people in other climate-related disciplines and to interested non-disciplinarians, as well as to report on research in which the originality is in the combinations of (not necessarily original) work from several disciplines. The journal also includes vigorous editorial and book review sections.
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