The nano and artificial intelligence effect: Improved magnetic resonance imaging volumetry for multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a widely established method for monitoring and diagnosing neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a disease that continuously progresses and in due course involves the progressive atrophy of neural structures (such as brain gray and white matter) leading to debilitation. Clearly, the earlier that MS can be detected, the better the chances of eventual treatment to slow down disease progression. While conventional MRI volumetry, as a non-invasive imaging technique that measures the exact volume of different brain structures, has improved the diagnosis of brain atrophy, problems still exist. This review introduces and summarizes the seminal role that nanotechnology (in terms of novel materials for improved MS diagnosis and treatment) and artificial intelligence (in terms of enhancing images via computer algorithms and novel contrast agents) are playing in improving volumetric MRI. In doing so, this one-of-a-kind review manuscript establishes how nanotechnology and artificial intelligence is improving, and will continue to improve, volumetric MRI diagnosis and treatment of MS.