Smart port vs. port integration to mitigate congestion: ESG performance and data validation

Baozhuang Niu, Jian Dong, Hongzhi Wang
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Abstract

In practice, ports compete on both service volume and service quality. The latter can be measured by the port congestion situation so the mitigation of congestion helps improve customers’ experience. We observe that smart ports are widely built and many local governments are promoting port integration to ease competition and reduce congestion. One immediate question is: Are the two strategies really effective that further enable the improvement of ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) performance? In this study, by taking the do-nothing strategy as the benchmark, we examine how smart port and port integration strategies work in port congestion reduction and ESG improvement. We reveal that the smart port strategy brings the Matthew effect that the large port obtains a larger market share and the smaller port worries about the win-lose situation. We also reveal that smart port can make each port and the entire port system more congested, resulting in the investment dilemma. Differently, the port integration strategy can effectively reduce congestion but hurt social welfare. We further discuss a mixed strategy where both strategies are implemented. Interestingly, under the mixed strategy, the risk of falling into the investment dilemma can be reduced and social welfare can be increased. We compare the ESG performances under three strategies and highlight that the mixed strategy achieves the highest system profit, the smart port strategy yields the highest social welfare, and the port integration strategy may outperform the other strategies in terms of environmental sustainability.

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智能港口与港口整合,缓解拥堵:ESG 性能和数据验证
在实践中,港口既要在服务量上竞争,也要在服务质量上竞争。后者可以通过港口拥堵状况来衡量,因此缓解拥堵有助于改善客户体验。我们注意到,智能港口正在广泛建设,许多地方政府正在推动港口一体化,以缓解竞争和减少拥堵。一个迫在眉睫的问题是:这两种战略是否真的有效,能进一步提高 ESG(环境、社会和治理)绩效?在本研究中,我们以 "无为 "战略为基准,研究了智能港口和港口一体化战略在减少港口拥堵和改善环境、社会和治理方面的作用。我们发现,智能港口战略带来了马太效应,即大港口获得了更大的市场份额,而小港口则担心会出现双输的局面。我们还发现,智能港口会使每个港口和整个港口系统更加拥堵,从而导致投资困境。不同的是,港口一体化战略可以有效减少拥堵,但会损害社会福利。我们进一步讨论了同时实施两种策略的混合策略。有趣的是,在混合策略下,陷入投资困境的风险可以降低,社会福利可以提高。我们比较了三种策略在环境、社会和治理方面的表现,结果表明,混合策略获得了最高的系统利润,智能港口策略产生了最高的社会福利,而港口一体化策略在环境可持续性方面可能优于其他策略。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
16.20
自引率
16.00%
发文量
285
审稿时长
62 days
期刊介绍: Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review is a reputable journal that publishes high-quality articles covering a wide range of topics in the field of logistics and transportation research. The journal welcomes submissions on various subjects, including transport economics, transport infrastructure and investment appraisal, evaluation of public policies related to transportation, empirical and analytical studies of logistics management practices and performance, logistics and operations models, and logistics and supply chain management. Part E aims to provide informative and well-researched articles that contribute to the understanding and advancement of the field. The content of the journal is complementary to other prestigious journals in transportation research, such as Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Part B: Methodological, Part C: Emerging Technologies, Part D: Transport and Environment, and Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. Together, these journals form a comprehensive and cohesive reference for current research in transportation science.
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