Novel insights into the role of immunomodulatory extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis.

IF 9.5 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Biomarker Research Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI:10.1186/s40364-024-00669-8
Jiaxuan Li, Yue Yuan, Qinggang Fu, Min Chen, Huifang Liang, Xiaoping Chen, Xin Long, Bixiang Zhang, Jianping Zhao, Qian Chen
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Abstract

Liver fibrosis, a chronic and long-term disease, can develop into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and ultimately lead to liver failure. Early diagnosis and effective treatment still face significant challenges. Liver inflammation leads to liver fibrosis through continuous activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the accumulation of immune cells. Intracellular communication among various immune cells is important for mediating the inflammatory response during fibrogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed particles naturally secreted by cells, make great contributions to cell-cell communication and the transport of bioactive molecules. Nearly all the cells that participate in liver fibrosis release EVs loaded with lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. EVs from hepatocytes, immune cells and stem cells are involved in mediating the inflammatory microenvironment of liver fibrosis. Recently, an increasing number of extracellular vesicle-based clinical applications have emerged, providing promising cell-free diagnostic and therapeutic tools for liver fibrosis because of their crucial role in immunomodulation during pathogenesis. The advantages of extracellular vesicle-based therapies include stability, biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and minimal immunogenicity, which highlight their great potential for drug delivery and specific treatments for liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the complex biological functions of EVs in the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and evaluate the potential of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis.

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免疫调节细胞外囊泡在肝纤维化发病机制中作用的新见解。
肝纤维化是一种长期慢性疾病,可发展为肝细胞癌(HCC),最终导致肝功能衰竭。早期诊断和有效治疗仍面临巨大挑战。肝脏炎症通过肝星状细胞(HSCs)的持续激活和免疫细胞的聚集导致肝纤维化。各种免疫细胞之间的细胞内交流对于在纤维化过程中介导炎症反应非常重要。细胞外囊泡(EVs)是细胞自然分泌的脂质双层膜封闭颗粒,对细胞间的交流和生物活性分子的运输做出了巨大贡献。几乎所有参与肝纤维化的细胞都会释放含有脂质、蛋白质和核酸的EV。来自肝细胞、免疫细胞和干细胞的EV参与介导肝纤维化的炎症微环境。最近,越来越多基于细胞外囊泡的临床应用涌现出来,为肝纤维化提供了前景广阔的无细胞诊断和治疗工具,因为细胞外囊泡在发病过程中对免疫调节起着至关重要的作用。基于细胞外囊泡的疗法具有稳定性、生物相容性、低细胞毒性和最小免疫原性等优点,这凸显了它们在药物输送和肝纤维化特异性治疗方面的巨大潜力。在这篇综述中,我们总结了EVs在肝纤维化发病机制的炎症反应中的复杂生物学功能,并评估了EVs在肝纤维化诊断和治疗中的潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Biomarker Research
Biomarker Research Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Molecular Medicine
CiteScore
15.80
自引率
1.80%
发文量
80
审稿时长
10 weeks
期刊介绍: Biomarker Research, an open-access, peer-reviewed journal, covers all aspects of biomarker investigation. It seeks to publish original discoveries, novel concepts, commentaries, and reviews across various biomedical disciplines. The field of biomarker research has progressed significantly with the rise of personalized medicine and individual health. Biomarkers play a crucial role in drug discovery and development, as well as in disease diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention, particularly in the genome era.
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