Development and 4D printing of magneto-responsive PMMA/TPU/Fe3O4 nanocomposites with superior shape memory and toughness properties

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE European Polymer Journal Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113495

Afshin Ahangari , Hossein Doostmohammadi , Majid Baniassadi , Mahdi Bodaghi , Mostafa Baghani

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Abstract

This paper introduces 4D printing of composites of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) reinforced with Fe₃O₄ particles for the first time. PMMA/TPU blends with 70/30 wt% are selected as matrix with the best compatibility based on dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are added to the blends with 10 %, 15 % and 20 % weight ratios. Their addition enables remote actuation of the materials in a high frequency alternating magnetic field. Field emission scanning microscopic images confirms a full dispersion of nanoparticles inside the polymeric matrix. Nanocomposites with 20 wt% of Fe₃O₄ can perfectly recover the permanent shape within 1.5 min in the magnetic field. They also reveal perfect shape memory properties in the hot water. Moreover, all samples display a perfect shape fixity ratio. The addition of TPU significantly enhances the toughness and flexibility of the PMMA matrix. It is found that Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles further enhance the mechanical strength by 10 % to 15 %, although they reduce the strain at break from 17 % to 14 %. Finally, a gripper is 4D printed and its excellent performance in the magnetic field is demonstrated.

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具有优异形状记忆和韧性特性的磁响应 PMMA/TPU/Fe3O4 纳米复合材料的开发与 4D 印刷

本文首次介绍了用Fe3O4颗粒增强聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）和热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）复合材料的4D打印技术。根据动态机械热分析，70/30 wt% 的 PMMA/TPU 混合物被选为相容性最好的基体。Fe3O4纳米颗粒以10%、15%和20%的重量比添加到混合物中。加入这些纳米粒子后，材料可在高频交变磁场中远程驱动。场发射扫描显微镜图像证实，纳米颗粒完全分散在聚合物基体中。含有 20 wt% Fe3O4 的纳米复合材料可在磁场中 1.5 分钟内完全恢复永久形状。它们在热水中也显示出完美的形状记忆特性。此外，所有样品都显示出完美的形状固定率。添加 TPU 后，PMMA 基体的韧性和柔韧性明显增强。研究发现，Fe3O4 纳米粒子可将机械强度进一步提高 10% 至 15%，但会将断裂应变从 17% 降低到 14%。最后，4D 打印出了一个抓手，并展示了其在磁场中的优异性能。

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来源期刊

European Polymer Journal 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

9.90

自引率

10.00%

发文量

691

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： European Polymer Journal is dedicated to publishing work on fundamental and applied polymer chemistry and macromolecular materials. The journal covers all aspects of polymer synthesis, including polymerization mechanisms and chemical functional transformations, with a focus on novel polymers and the relationships between molecular structure and polymer properties. In addition, we welcome submissions on bio-based or renewable polymers, stimuli-responsive systems and polymer bio-hybrids. European Polymer Journal also publishes research on the biomedical application of polymers, including drug delivery and regenerative medicine. The main scope is covered but not limited to the following core research areas: Polymer synthesis and functionalization • Novel synthetic routes for polymerization, functional modification, controlled/living polymerization and precision polymers. Stimuli-responsive polymers • Including shape memory and self-healing polymers. Supramolecular polymers and self-assembly • Molecular recognition and higher order polymer structures. Renewable and sustainable polymers • Bio-based, biodegradable and anti-microbial polymers and polymeric bio-nanocomposites. Polymers at interfaces and surfaces • Chemistry and engineering of surfaces with biological relevance, including patterning, antifouling polymers and polymers for membrane applications. Biomedical applications and nanomedicine • Polymers for regenerative medicine, drug delivery molecular release and gene therapy The scope of European Polymer Journal no longer includes Polymer Physics.