European Polymer Journal最新文献

Precision polymer segment editing based on cross metathesis reaction and Thiol-Michael addition 基于交叉复分解反应和巯基-迈克尔加成的精密聚合物片段编辑

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114546

Kanqi He, Shaoen Qiu, Xiayun Huang, Junpo He

Tailoring macromolecules enables the synthesis of polymers with controlled molecular weights, narrow length distribution, desired architectures, and variety of functionalities at designated sites of the chain. We hereby report macromolecular tailoring through segment reorganization, i.e., chain scission and recombination, to prepare ABA-type triblock copolymers that contains flexible PEG (A) segments and rigid oligo aromatic ester or amide (B) segments. In the two-step process, a PEG precursor with a double bond in the middle of the main chain was cleaved at the olefinic site through the metathesis reaction with a small molecular bifunctional itaconic derivate, BES, in the presence of Hoveyda-Grubbs 2nd generation catalyst. The cleaved PEG was recombined with a dithiol compound with a rigid aromatic ester building block, HS-OPO-SH, containing a tri-p-phenylene interspaced by two ester groups, to form a rod-coil triblock copolymer. By this two-step process, insertion of a hard segment into a soft chain was achieved. The resulting product was further modified by iterative replacement of the −OPO- by another hard segment, −NPO-, a tri-p-phenylene interspaced by one ester and one amide group, and then by −NPN-, a tri-p-phenylene interspaced by two amide groups. It is noted that the above three hard segments differ only one single atom, O and N, in the ester and amide moieties between neighboring phenyl rings. The self-assembly behaviors of the triblock copolymers were investigated using WAXS, SAXS and TEM. It is interesting to find that the atomic level difference in the main chain caused a significant change in the length of the aggregates.

裁剪大分子使聚合物的合成具有控制分子量，窄长度分布，所需的结构，并在链的指定位置的各种功能。我们在此报道通过片段重组，即链断裂和重组，来制备含有柔性PEG (A)片段和刚性低聚芳香族酯或酰胺(B)片段的aba型三嵌段共聚物的大分子裁剪。在Hoveyda-Grubbs第二代催化剂的存在下，在主链中间有双键的PEG前驱体通过与小分子双功能衣链衍生物BES的复分解反应在烯烃位点裂解。裂解后的聚乙二醇与具有刚性芳酯构建块的二硫醇化合物HS-OPO-SH重组，其中包含由两个酯基隔开的三对苯基，形成棒圈三嵌段共聚物。通过这两步过程，实现了将硬段插入软链。通过将- OPO-反复替换为另一个硬段- NPO-，一个由一个酯和一个酰胺基隔开的三对苯基，然后再替换为- NPN-，一个由两个酰胺基隔开的三对苯基。值得注意的是，上述三个硬段在相邻苯环之间的酯和酰胺部分只有一个原子O和N的不同。利用WAXS、SAXS和TEM研究了三嵌段共聚物的自组装行为。有趣的是，主链的原子级差引起了聚集体长度的显著变化。

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引用次数: 0

A “transient-comonomer” strategy for polycondensation of lignin-derived AB-type aromatic polyesters to high molecular weight 木质素衍生的ab型芳香族聚酯缩聚成高分子量的“瞬态单体”策略

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114564

Tam T. Nguyen , Ismail Ben Youssef , Reza Sarbandi , Tom De Smedt , Patric Jannasch , Baozhong Zhang

In the active exploration of novel biobased semicrystalline polyesters to replace petrochemical plastics, AB-type aromatic condensation polymerizations are relatively rarely investigated but gain growing attention due to the straightforward synthesis of AB-type monomers from diverse asymmetric biobased feedstocks. However, achieving high molecular weights through AB-type melt polycondensations is often challenging due to premature crystallization and limited thermal stability of the bio-based monomers. Herein, we investigate the polycondensation of methyl 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzoate (MEB), a biobased aromatic hydroxy-ester monomer (AB-type), via the classical two-stage melt transesterification polycondensation process. We demonstrate an efficient “transient-comonomers” strategy to enhance the molecular weight of the obtained polymer PEB corresponding to an intrinsic viscosity of 1.15 dL g⁻¹ by adding a small amount of an aliphatic AA/BB-type comonomer pair at the beginning of the polymerization. These comonomers suppress premature solidification during the initial stages of the melt polycondensation, and are partially depleted during the later stages of the reaction. In addition, we investigated the effects of various metal-based catalysts, including a kinetic analysis of the transesterification steps, which revealed that titanium-based catalysts produced a faster reaction rate compared to other catalysts based on antimony, tin, manganese, and zinc. Furthermore, the catalyst also influenced the thermal properties of the resulting polyester, particularly the crystallinity and crystallization kinetics. Overall, this study provides new insights into achieving high-molecular-weight biobased aromatic polyesters via AB-type polycondensation and offers a promising approach to broaden the synthesis approaches for sustainable condensation polymers.

在积极探索新型生物基半晶聚酯取代石油化工塑料的过程中，ab型芳烃缩聚反应的研究相对较少，但由于各种不对称生物基原料可以直接合成ab型单体，因此越来越受到关注。然而，由于生物基单体的过早结晶和有限的热稳定性，通过ab型熔体缩聚实现高分子量通常具有挑战性。本文研究了生物基芳香羟基酯单体（ab型）甲基4-（2-羟基乙氧基）苯甲酸甲酯（MEB）通过经典的两阶段熔融酯交换缩聚过程的缩聚反应。我们展示了一种有效的“瞬态共聚单体”策略，通过在聚合开始时添加少量脂肪族AA/ bb型共聚单体对，提高了所得聚合物PEB的分子量，对应于1.15 dL g−1的特征粘度。这些共聚单体在熔体缩聚的初始阶段抑制过早凝固，并在反应的后期阶段部分耗尽。此外，我们研究了各种金属基催化剂的影响，包括对酯交换步骤的动力学分析，结果表明钛基催化剂比其他基于锑、锡、锰和锌的催化剂产生更快的反应速率。此外，催化剂还影响所得聚酯的热性能，特别是结晶度和结晶动力学。总之，本研究为通过ab型缩聚获得高分子量生物基芳香族聚酯提供了新的见解，并为扩大可持续缩聚聚合物的合成途径提供了一条有希望的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Gallic acid and chitosan-AgNPs gel beads co-encapsulated sodium alginate/gelatin hydrogels as wound dressings for promoting wound repair 没食子酸和壳聚糖- agnps凝胶珠包被海藻酸钠/明胶水凝胶作为伤口敷料，促进伤口修复

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114561

Zhongwei Sun , Lingrui Xu , Jun Gao , Junyao Li , Guojun Zheng , Laidi Xu , Yong Kong

Multifunctional hydrogel wound dressings are prepared for wound repair. Chitosan (CS)-AgNPs gel beads are first synthesized through electrostatic attractions, which are then co-encapsulated with gallic acid (GA) in the sodium alginate (SA)/gelatin hydrogels prepared by using Ca²⁺ as the crosslinker. Due to the antibacterial effects of CS, AgNPs and GA, the resulting SA/gelatin/GA/CS-AgNPs (SGGCA) hydrogels can significantly inhibit the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. On the other hand, the integration of GA can also endow the hydrogels with high antioxidant activity, which show strong scavenging capability for free radicals. In addition, the SGGCA hydrogels also exhibit excellent blood compatibility and cytocompatibility. Finally, the hydrogels are used as wound dressings for in vivo wound repair of mice, and the results demonstrate that the hydrogel wound dressings can effectively promote the healing of wounds.

制备了用于伤口修复的多功能水凝胶伤口敷料。首先通过静电吸引合成壳聚糖(CS)-AgNPs凝胶珠，然后将其与没食子酸（GA）共包被在以Ca2+为交联剂制备的海藻酸钠(SA)/明胶水凝胶中。由于CS、AgNPs和GA的抗菌作用，得到的SA/明胶/GA/CS-AgNPs （SGGCA）水凝胶可以显著抑制大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长。另一方面，GA的整合也使水凝胶具有较高的抗氧化活性，表现出较强的自由基清除能力。此外，SGGCA水凝胶还具有良好的血液相容性和细胞相容性。最后将水凝胶作为伤口敷料用于小鼠体内伤口修复，结果表明水凝胶伤口敷料能有效促进伤口愈合。

引用次数: 0

Radiation-induced gas evolution in epoxy resins with correlation to bond cleavage under γ-irradiation γ辐照下环氧树脂中辐射诱导气体演化与键解理的关系

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114569

Lei Zhang, Xionghou Peng, Chizhou Wang, Yuan Zu, Shuzhan Wang

Epoxy resins face critical challenges under γ-ray irradiation, where bond scission and radical generation trigger volatile release and structural degradation. Herein, we systematically investigate the gas evolution behavior and structural response of epoxy resins cured by bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) and ethylenediamine to γ-ray irradiation doses ranging from 0 to 600 kGy. At 50–100 kGy, gas evolution was negligible (<0.1 μL), but H₂ and CO₂ sharply increased to 0.216 and 1.198 μL at 600 kGy. Concurrently, tensile strength decreased from 60.39 to 52.67 MPa, accompanied by progressive discoloration and a ductile-to-brittle transition. Notably, despite the cleavage of C–H and C–O bonds, the glass transition temperature (T_g) increased from 83.65 °C to approximately 87 °C due to the predominance of radical-induced crosslinking at the studied doses. XPS further confirmed backbone disruption and oxygen-rich surface reconstruction. Together, these results establish a radical formation–β-scission–oxidation mechanism, highlighting both degradation pathways and intrinsic radiation resistance of epoxy systems for extreme environments.

环氧树脂在γ射线照射下面临关键挑战，其中键断裂和自由基生成引发挥发性释放和结构降解。本文系统地研究了双酚A二缩水甘油醚（DGEBA）和乙二胺固化的环氧树脂在0 ~ 600 kGy γ射线辐照下的气体演化行为和结构响应。在50 ~ 100 kGy时，气体析出量可以忽略不计（<0.1 μL），但在600 kGy时，H2和CO2的析出量急剧增加，分别达到0.216和1.198 μL。抗拉强度由60.39 MPa下降至52.67 MPa，并伴有逐渐变色和韧脆转变。值得注意的是，尽管C - h和C - o键被切割，但由于自由基诱导的交联在研究剂量下占主导地位，玻璃化转变温度（Tg）从83.65℃上升到约87℃。XPS进一步证实了骨架断裂和富氧表面重建。总之，这些结果建立了自由基形成- β-裂解-氧化机制，突出了环氧体系在极端环境下的降解途径和固有的抗辐射能力。

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引用次数: 0

Future clinical dressings for chronic wound repair: Pioneer strategies for accelerated angiogenesis 慢性伤口修复的未来临床敷料：加速血管生成的先驱策略

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114570

Leila Rezaei , Sherko Naseri , Vahideh Assadollahi , Shaghayegh Shojaei , Razieh Heidari , Fatemeh Elahian , Seyed Abbas Mirzaei

Chronic wounds remain a significant clinical challenge due to impairments in complex biological processes, particularly angiogenesis. As a pivotal component of tissue repair, angiogenesis ensures sufficient oxygen and nutrient delivery to regenerating tissues; its disruption leads to delayed healing and increased complications. Enhancing angiogenesis through advanced wound dressings represents a promising strategy to accelerate repair and reduce the burden of chronic wounds. These engineered dressings not only provide a conducive environment for tissue regeneration but, when combined with bioactive agents, actively modulate molecular and cellular pathways involved in neovascularization. This review summarizes recent advances in polymeric dressings designed to promote angiogenesis in chronic wounds. Biopolymers such as chitosan, alginate, cellulose, chitin, and gelatin, together with synthetic polymers including polyvinyl alcohol, polylactide, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), polyglycolide, and polyurethane, are frequently utilized as functional matrices . These systems are often integrated with diverse therapeutic components such as growth factors, pharmaceuticals, plant-derived bioactives, genetic materials, metals, and cell-derived products like exosomes. The controlled release of these agents at the wound site mitigates inflammation and oxidative stress, modulates macrophage polarization, and activates key pro-angiogenic signaling pathways, primarily through upregulation of VEGF and activation of ERK1/2, HIF-1α, and α-SMA. Overall, the incorporation of such compounds within advanced polymeric dressings offers an innovative and multifaceted approach to stimulate angiogenesis, enhance wound healing outcomes, and improve clinical management and quality of life for patients with chronic wounds.

由于复杂的生物过程，特别是血管生成的损伤，慢性伤口仍然是一个重大的临床挑战。作为组织修复的关键组成部分，血管生成确保足够的氧气和营养输送到再生组织；它的破坏导致愈合延迟和并发症增加。通过先进的伤口敷料促进血管生成是加速修复和减轻慢性伤口负担的一个有前途的策略。这些工程敷料不仅为组织再生提供了有利的环境，而且当与生物活性剂结合使用时，可以积极调节参与新生血管形成的分子和细胞途径。本文综述了近年来用于促进慢性伤口血管生成的高分子敷料的研究进展。生物聚合物，如壳聚糖、海藻酸盐、纤维素、几丁质和明胶，以及合成聚合物，包括聚乙烯醇、聚乳酸、聚（乳酸-羟基乙酸）、聚乙二醇和聚氨酯，经常被用作功能基质。这些系统通常与多种治疗成分相结合，如生长因子、药物、植物源性生物活性物质、遗传物质、金属和细胞源性产品（如外泌体）。这些药物在伤口部位的控制释放可减轻炎症和氧化应激，调节巨噬细胞极化，并激活关键的促血管生成信号通路，主要通过上调VEGF和激活ERK1/2、HIF-1α和α-SMA。总的来说，这些化合物在先进聚合物敷料中的结合提供了一种创新的、多方面的方法来刺激血管生成，增强伤口愈合效果，改善慢性伤口患者的临床管理和生活质量。

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引用次数: 0

Triazatruxene based photosensitizers for efficient visible-light and sunlight-induced cationic polymerization of epoxy resins 三氮卓昔烯基光敏剂用于环氧树脂的可见光和日光阳离子聚合

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114526

Bahar Tosun Ercan, Tamer Yeşil, Sirin Siyahjani-Gültekin, Ceylan Zafer

In this study, four triazatruxene-based donor molecules TAT, TAT-H, TAT-HBr, and TAT-TY1 were used in combination with diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate under simulated sunlight for cationic polymerization. Irradiation was provided by a solar simulator that mimics the sunlight was equipped with a metal halide lamp (300–3000 nm), and the intensity was adjusted to 100 mW·cm⁻² using a calibrated silicon solar cell (CalLab, Fraunhofer ISE, Germany; active area: 4 cm²). Notably, all triazatruxene derivatives acted as sensitizers for diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate, significantly extending the absorption window of the onium salt into the visible region. These photosensitizers exhibited red-shifted maximum absorption wavelengths of 377, 397, 405, and 460 nm, respectively. The underlying chemical mechanisms were investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The proposed mechanism involves photoinduced electron-transfer reactions between the excited donor molecules and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate ions. The cationic polymerization of the epoxy monomer (bisphenol A epoxy resin) is initiated by radicals and Brønsted acids. Among the sensitizers, TAT-TY1 demonstrated the highest efficiency under simulated sunlight, yielding a higher final monomer conversion (∼90%) and a shorter onset time (15 min). The resulting polymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, and the TAT-TY1 system produced the highest molecular weight and the broadest molecular weight distribution.

本研究将四种三氮祖蒽基给体分子TAT、TAT- h、TAT- hbr和TAT- ty1与六氟磷酸二苯硫鎓在模拟阳光下进行阳离子聚合。采用金属卤化物灯（300-3000 nm）模拟太阳光的太阳模拟器进行照射，使用校准过的硅太阳能电池（德国Fraunhofer ISE， CalLab，有效面积：4 cm2）将照射强度调节为100 mW·cm - 2。值得注意的是，所有三氮卓苯衍生物都是二苯六氟磷酸钠的增敏剂，显著延长了铵盐在可见光区域的吸收窗口。这些光敏剂的最大吸收波长分别为377、397、405和460 nm。利用荧光光谱和循环伏安法研究了其潜在的化学机理。所提出的机制涉及激发的供体分子与六氟二苯硫鎓离子之间的光诱导电子转移反应。环氧单体（双酚A环氧树脂）的阳离子聚合是由自由基和溴化酸引发的。在这些增敏剂中，TAT-TY1在模拟阳光下表现出最高的效率，产生更高的最终单体转化率（约90%）和更短的起效时间（15分钟）。用凝胶渗透色谱法对所得聚合物进行了表征，结果表明TAT-TY1体系分子量最高，分子量分布最广。

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引用次数: 0

1-(2-ethoxyethyl) piperidine as a modifier to obtain high vinyl SSBR 以1-（2-乙氧基乙基）哌啶为改性剂制备高乙烯基SSBR

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114567

Zhixiong Yang , Haoyun Deng , Mengzhen Zhou , Encai Ou , Chao Wang , Weijian Xu

Developing high vinyl solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) with tailored microstructures is essential for improving tire performance with rolling resistance, wet traction and wear resistance. However, most existing polar modifiers are limited in their ability to simultaneously regulate vinyl content and suppress the formation of block polystyrene (b-PSt). In this work, 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)piperidine (EtOEP) as a modifier, was employed to synthesize SSBR with high vinyl content and low b-PSt content. By tuning polymerization temperature, weight ratio of St and Bd (St/Bd), and [EtOEP]/[Li] ratio, vinyl content of SSBR (St/Bd = 3/7) was controllably increased to 72.3%, while the b-PSt content was only 3.3%. The obtained co-polymer exhibited a single glass transition temperature (T_g = –6.2 °C) and a high initial thermal decomposition temperature (T_d = 390 °C), indicating uniform microstructure and excellent thermal stability. Kinetic studies revealed first-order polymerization behavior, with the polymerization rate significantly enhanced as the [EtOEP]/[Li] ratio increased. Reactivity ratio analysis further confirmed a random co-polymerization tendency between St and Bd. These findings demonstrate that EtOEP enables precise control over both microstructure and polymerization process, providing a versatile approach for producing high-performance SSBR that combine high vinyl content, low b-PSt content, and fast polymerization rate.

开发具有定制微结构的高乙烯基溶液丁苯橡胶（SSBR）对于提高轮胎的滚动性能、湿牵引性能和耐磨性至关重要。然而，大多数现有极性改性剂在同时调节乙烯基含量和抑制嵌段聚苯乙烯（b-PSt）形成的能力方面受到限制。以1-（2-乙氧基乙基）哌啶（EtOEP）为改性剂，合成了乙烯基含量高、b-PSt含量低的SSBR。通过调节聚合温度、St/Bd质量比（St/Bd）和[EtOEP]/[Li]比，可将SSBR （St/Bd = 3/7）的乙烯基含量可控地提高到72.3%，而b-PSt含量仅为3.3%。所得共聚物具有单玻璃化转变温度（Tg = -6.2℃）和较高的初始热分解温度（Td = 390℃），具有均匀的微观结构和优异的热稳定性。动力学研究显示了一级聚合行为，随着[EtOEP]/[Li]比的增加，聚合速率显著提高。反应性比分析进一步证实了St和Bd之间的随机共聚合趋势。这些发现表明，EtOEP可以精确控制微观结构和聚合过程，为生产高乙烯基含量、低b-PSt含量和快速聚合速率的高性能SSBR提供了一种通用方法。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic modulation of fluorine and steric effects in nickel catalysts for direct synthesis of elastic and polar-functionalized polyethylenes 直接合成弹性聚乙烯和极性功能化聚乙烯的镍催化剂中氟的协同调节和位阻效应

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114560

Yanru Feng, Mengdi Wang, Xu Wang, Jin-Kui Liu, Huizhu Wang, Jun-Fang Gong, Hui Jiang

Rational catalyst design and structural modification represent a fundamental strategy for the direct synthesis of polyethylene elastomers and polar functionalized polyethylene; however, achieving this goal remains a significant challenge. In this study, a series of unsymmetrical α-diimine nickel catalysts featuring ortho-fluorine substituents and sterically hindered dibenzhydryl groups were designed and synthesized. These catalysts exhibit excellent thermal stability and remarkable activity (up to 3.35 × 10⁷ g·mol⁻¹·h⁻¹) in ethylene polymerization, even at elevated temperatures of 100 °C. By fine-tuning the fluorine substituents and steric environment, it was possible to obtain polyethylene with tunable molecular weights (up to 2.97 × 10⁵ g·mol⁻¹) and branching densities (68–119/1000C). Notably, the synergistic “fluorine-steric” effect in catalyst Ni4 enabled the production of polyethylene elastomers with exceptional mechanical properties, including a high stress-at-break (38.5 MPa) and elastic recovery (51%). Furthermore, the fluorinated catalysts displayed unique tolerance toward polar monomers, facilitating efficient copolymerization of ethylene with various polar comonomers.

合理的催化剂设计和结构修饰是直接合成聚乙烯弹性体和极性功能化聚乙烯的根本策略；然而，实现这一目标仍然是一项重大挑战。本研究设计并合成了一系列具有邻氟取代基和位阻二苯羟基的不对称α-二亚胺镍催化剂。这些催化剂表现出优异的热稳定性和显著的乙烯聚合活性（高达3.35 × 107 g·mol−1·h−1），即使在100℃的高温下也是如此。通过调整氟取代基和空间环境，可以得到分子量可调的聚乙烯（高达2.97 × 105 g·mol−1）和分支密度可调的聚乙烯（68-119/1000C）。值得注意的是，催化剂Ni4中的协同“氟立体”效应使生产的聚乙烯弹性体具有优异的机械性能，包括高断裂应力（38.5 MPa）和弹性回复率（51%）。此外，氟化催化剂对极性单体表现出独特的耐受性，促进了乙烯与各种极性单体的高效共聚。

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引用次数: 0

Zwitterionic Polybetaines: A versatile platform for stealth and functional drug delivery 两性离子聚甜菜碱：一种多功能的隐身和功能性药物输送平台

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114562

Shanshan Dou , Hu Li , Meng Chen , Weiwei Li , Bindi Ying , Yujie Ma , Ran Zhang , Shuo Li , Huimin Zhang , Yanping Sun , Huijia Song , Zibin Gao

Polybetaines, as a class of zwitterionic polymers, are endowed with excellent protein adsorption resistance, outstanding biocompatibility, extremely low immunogenicity, and flexible stimuli-responsive behavior (e.g., to pH, temperature, ionic strength) due to their unique structure, Therefore, polybetaines demonstrate significant advantages in drug delivery systems. They can prolong the in vivo circulation time of drugs, enhance the accumulation at target sites, achieve intelligent responsive release, and finally improve drug efficacy and reduce side effects. This review systematically summarizes the molecular design, property regulation, and application progress of polybetaines in drug delivery. Firstly, the molecular design strategies are elaborated from two dimensions: monomer structures (carboxybetaine, sulfobetaine, phosphocholine) and polymerization methods (homopolymerization, random copolymerization, block copolymerization, graft copolymerization), thereby revealing the regulatory mechanisms underlying their anti-protein adsorption, biocompatibility, and environment-responsive behaviors. Subsequently, this review focuses on recent progress and potential of polybetaine carriers in chemotherapy drug delivery, gene delivery, and oral delivery of proteins and peptides. Finally, a brief commentary and outlook on the challenges and future developments of polybetaines are provided.

聚甜菜碱作为两性离子聚合物的一种，由于其独特的结构，具有优异的蛋白质吸附抗性、优异的生物相容性、极低的免疫原性和灵活的刺激响应行为（如pH、温度、离子强度），因此在给药系统中具有显著的优势。它们可以延长药物的体内循环时间，增强药物在靶点的蓄积，实现智能响应释放，最终提高药物疗效，减少副作用。本文系统地综述了聚甜菜碱的分子设计、性质调控及其在药物传递中的应用进展。首先，从单体结构（羧基甜菜碱、磺胺甜菜碱、磷胆碱）和聚合方式（均聚、随机共聚、嵌段共聚、接枝共聚）两个维度阐述了分子设计策略，揭示了其抗蛋白吸附、生物相容性和环境响应行为的调控机制。随后，本文综述了聚甜菜碱载体在化疗药物递送、基因递送、蛋白质和多肽口服递送等方面的最新进展和潜力。最后，对聚甜菜碱面临的挑战和未来的发展进行了简要的评述和展望。

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引用次数: 0

Amine and carboxylate functionalisation of silicate compounds and their effects when incorporated into alginate films 硅酸盐化合物的胺和羧酸官能化及其在海藻酸盐薄膜中的作用

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2026-03-18 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2026.114572

Kyle James , Nadeesha Lakmini Loku Mannage , Hao Long , Brett Williams , Ian O’Hara , Lalehvash Moghaddam

This study investigates the incorporation of amine- and carboxylate-functionalised silicates into alginate films to assess structural and functional performance. Silicates were derived from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and sugarcane fly ash via the sol–gel process and added to alginate matrices at 5%, 10%, and 20% w/w. While the sugarcane fly ash-derived silicates had been successfully functionalised with carboxylate groups, the carboxylate functionalisation of TEOS-derived silicates was unsuccessful due to insufficient mesoporous structure. When incorporated into the alginate film matrix, the carboxylate-functionalised silicates exhibited reduced agglomeration, enabling more uniform dispersion within the alginate films. However, only TEOS-derived silicates preserved the films’ original tensile strength and elongation. These findings suggest that carboxylate functionalisation of silicates has been shown to enhance compatibility between silicate particles and alginate matrices, improving dispersion and reducing agglomeration. This approach offers potential for applications in alginate-based gels and wound dressings, particularly where controlled release and particle stability are critical.

本研究将胺和羧酸官能化硅酸盐掺入海藻酸盐薄膜中，以评估其结构和功能性能。通过溶胶-凝胶法从正硅酸四乙酯（TEOS）和甘蔗粉煤灰中提取硅酸盐，并以5%、10%和20% w/w的比例添加到海藻酸盐基质中。虽然甘蔗粉煤灰衍生的硅酸盐已经成功地用羧酸基进行了功能化，但由于缺乏介孔结构，正硅酸盐衍生的硅酸盐的羧酸基功能化是不成功的。当加入到海藻酸盐薄膜基质中时，羧酸官能化硅酸盐表现出较少的团聚，使海藻酸盐薄膜内的分散更加均匀。然而，只有teos衍生的硅酸盐保留了薄膜的原始拉伸强度和伸长率。这些发现表明，硅酸盐的羧酸盐功能化已被证明可以增强硅酸盐颗粒和海藻酸盐基质之间的相容性，改善分散和减少团聚。这种方法为海藻酸盐凝胶和伤口敷料提供了潜在的应用，特别是在控制释放和颗粒稳定性至关重要的地方。

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引用次数: 0