European Polymer Journal最新文献

Development of organosoluble, quaternized and naproxen sodium- loaded poly(vinyl alcohol)-based electrospun nanofibers 开发有机可溶、季铵化和负载萘普生钠的聚乙烯醇基电纺纳米纤维

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113565

Gokhan Acik , Neslihan Turhan Cakir , Cagatay Altinkok

Electrospinning is an effective and common method utilized to produce fibers from sub-micrometer to nanoscale. Although poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) can be easily electrospun in water, its widespread usage limited in electrospinning applications due to its poor solubility in organic solvents. In this regard, this study concentrated on partially modifying of PVA via chemical transformation by treating with dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) (poly(VA-co-VDCAc)) and triethyl amine (TEA) (poly(VA-co-VDCAc-co-QVAc)), respectively to increase organosolubility as well as provide antibacterial activity. Additionally, the modal drug, namely naproxen sodium (NAP), was incorporated into the modified polymer matrixes by simple blending. Electrospinning method was applied to fabricate the organosoluble, quaternized and NAP-loaded PVA-based nanofibers as potential drug carriers in controlled drug release. The chemical structure, morphology, wettability as well as the thermal features of the obtained nanofibers and their precursors at various stages were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle (WCA) measurements, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA and DSC) analyses, respectively. SEM images proved that the nanofibers had noticeably smooth, cylindrical, uniform, and continuous and the modification reactions were affected the mean diameter of the samples. The utilization of modified electrospun PVA-based nanofibers as carrier for delivery of naproxen sodium (NAP) was elucidated. Release behaviors of the electrospun fibers were determined at pH 7.4, and the release of the NAP was faster for non-quaternized sample. Antibacterial activity of electrospun nanofibers against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria was evaluated in vitro, and poly(VA-co-VDCAc-co-QVAc)s electrospun nanofibers have better potential in killing bacteria. Overall, this research provides useful guidance for tailoring electrospinning processes for drug delivery of PVA-based materials.

电纺丝是生产亚微米级到纳米级纤维的一种有效而常用的方法。虽然聚乙烯醇（PVA）可以在水中轻松电纺，但由于其在有机溶剂中的溶解性较差，其在电纺应用中的广泛使用受到了限制。为此，本研究主要通过化学转化对 PVA 进行部分改性，分别用二氯乙酸（DCAA）（poly(VA-co-VDCAc)）和三乙胺（TEA）（poly(VA-co-VDCAc-co-QVAc)）处理，以增加有机溶解性并提供抗菌活性。此外，还通过简单的混合将萘普生钠（NAP）这种模式药物加入到改性聚合物基质中。应用电纺丝方法制备了有机溶解、季铵化和负载 NAP 的 PVA 基纳米纤维，作为潜在的药物载体用于药物控释。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、质子核磁共振（1H NMR）光谱、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、水接触角（WCA）测量、热重分析和差示扫描量热法（TGA 和 DSC）分析，分别研究了所制备纳米纤维及其前体在不同阶段的化学结构、形态、润湿性和热学特征。扫描电镜图像表明，纳米纤维具有明显的光滑性、圆柱形、均匀性和连续性，改性反应影响了样品的平均直径。研究阐明了改性电纺 PVA 基纳米纤维作为载体给药萘普生钠（NAP）的应用。测定了电纺纤维在 pH 值为 7.4 时的释放行为，结果表明非季铵化样的萘普生钠释放速度更快。体外评估了电纺纳米纤维对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性，结果表明聚（VA-co-VDCAc-co-QVAc）电纺纳米纤维具有更好的杀菌潜力。总之，这项研究为定制 PVA 基材料的药物递送电纺工艺提供了有益的指导。

{"title":"Development of organosoluble, quaternized and naproxen sodium- loaded poly(vinyl alcohol)-based electrospun nanofibers","authors":"Gokhan Acik , Neslihan Turhan Cakir , Cagatay Altinkok","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrospinning is an effective and common method utilized to produce fibers from sub-micrometer to nanoscale. Although poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) can be easily electrospun in water, its widespread usage limited in electrospinning applications due to its poor solubility in organic solvents. In this regard, this study concentrated on partially modifying of PVA via chemical transformation by treating with dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) (poly(VA-<em>co</em>-VDCAc)) and triethyl amine (TEA) (poly(VA-<em>co</em>-VDCAc-<em>co</em>-QVAc)), respectively to increase organosolubility as well as provide antibacterial activity. Additionally, the modal drug, namely naproxen sodium (NAP), was incorporated into the modified polymer matrixes by simple blending. Electrospinning method was applied to fabricate the organosoluble, quaternized and NAP-loaded PVA-based nanofibers as potential drug carriers in controlled drug release. The chemical structure, morphology, wettability as well as the thermal features of the obtained nanofibers and their precursors at various stages were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H NMR) spectroscopies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle (WCA) measurements, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA and DSC) analyses, respectively. SEM images proved that the nanofibers had noticeably smooth, cylindrical, uniform, and continuous and the modification reactions were affected the mean diameter of the samples. The utilization of modified electrospun PVA-based nanofibers as carrier for delivery of naproxen sodium (NAP) was elucidated. Release behaviors of the electrospun fibers were determined at pH 7.4, and the release of the NAP was faster for non-quaternized sample. Antibacterial activity of electrospun nanofibers against <em>Escherichia coli</em>  <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) bacteria was evaluated in vitro, and poly(VA-<em>co</em>-VDCAc-<em>co</em>-QVAc)s electrospun nanofibers have better potential in killing bacteria. Overall, this research provides useful guidance for tailoring electrospinning processes for drug delivery of PVA-based materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113565"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Versatile organosilicone porous materials for the detection of nitroaromatics and the visualization of fingerprints 多用途有机硅多孔材料，用于检测硝基芳香族化合物和可视化指纹

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113576

Yafang Zhang , Pengfei Hua , Yanfu Chai , Yujing Zuo

Achieving explosive detection and fingerprints visualization at the same time is of great significance. Towards this end, based on the cage structure and multiple reaction sites of octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OVS), a series of multifunctional silicone porous materials OVSBs and OVSTs were designed and synthesized with 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene and 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine. These porous materials have narrow pore size distribution, high specific surface area and pony-sized that smaller than 5 nm. The micropore volume ratio of porous materials can be changed by regulating the molar ratio of OVS to functional compounds. OVSB-2 shows excellent adsorption capacity for fluorescent dyes due to its highest specific surface area and high micropore volume ratio. OVSB-2 also has superior fluorescence characteristic, which can quickly detect nitroaromatic compounds within 20 s. This work provided a new method for expanding the application of silicone mesoporous materials in explosive detection and fingerprints visualization simultaneously.

同时实现爆炸物检测和指纹可视化具有重要意义。为此，基于八乙烯基多面体低聚硅倍半氧烷（OVS）的笼状结构和多反应位点，设计并用 1,3,5-三苯基苯和 2,4,6-三苯基-1,3,5-三嗪合成了一系列多功能有机硅多孔材料 OVSBs 和 OVSTs。这些多孔材料的孔径分布窄，比表面积高，孔径小于 5 纳米。通过调节 OVS 与功能化合物的摩尔比，可以改变多孔材料的微孔体积比。OVSB-2 具有最大的比表面积和较高的微孔体积比，因此对荧光染料具有出色的吸附能力。这项工作为扩大有机硅介孔材料在爆炸物检测和指纹可视化方面的应用提供了一种新方法。

{"title":"Versatile organosilicone porous materials for the detection of nitroaromatics and the visualization of fingerprints","authors":"Yafang Zhang , Pengfei Hua , Yanfu Chai , Yujing Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving explosive detection and fingerprints visualization at the same time is of great significance. Towards this end, based on the cage structure and multiple reaction sites of octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OVS), a series of multifunctional silicone porous materials <strong>OVSBs</strong> and <strong>OVSTs</strong> were designed and synthesized with 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene and 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine. These porous materials have narrow pore size distribution, high specific surface area and pony-sized that smaller than 5 nm. The micropore volume ratio of porous materials can be changed by regulating the molar ratio of OVS to functional compounds. <strong>OVSB-2</strong> shows excellent adsorption capacity for fluorescent dyes due to its highest specific surface area and high micropore volume ratio. <strong>OVSB-2</strong> also has superior fluorescence characteristic, which can quickly detect nitroaromatic compounds within 20 s. This work provided a new method for expanding the application of silicone mesoporous materials in explosive detection and fingerprints visualization simultaneously.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113576"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation of free radical/cationic hybrid UV-cured silicone materials with reducing oxygen inhibition via silyl radicals 制备通过硅基抑制还原氧的自由基/阳离子混合紫外线固化硅材料

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113582

Xiaoquan Li , Fuping Bian , Rui Huang , Jiyan Wei , Xuefeng Gui , Jiwen Hu , Shudong Lin

UV-curing technology is a new, green technology with the advantages of being efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly; however, there is a general oxygen-inhibition problem during the UV-curing process, especially when silicone acrylates are applied to the UV-curing treatment. Herein, epoxy-based silicone prepolymers (ESP) containing Si-H bonds were prepared through the hydrosilylation reaction of poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-methylhydrosiloxane) (PDMS-PHMS) and allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) to graft epoxy groups onto silicone segments while retaining part of the Si-H bond. The epoxy groups in the prepolymers are capable of cationic photopolymerization, and the retained Si-H bonds in the prepolymers can generate highly reactive silyl radicals for initiating free-radical photopolymerization. The anti-oxygen inhibition ability of silicone acrylates was enhanced with the addition of ESPs. Through experimental investigation, it was found that ESP-3 grafted with 0.30% epoxy groups had the best effect on reducing oxygen inhibition, and the silicone acrylates were able to undergo UV curing in air without sticky surfaces when the added amounts of ESP-3 were at 20 wt%. The addition of ESP-3 has no major impact on the transparency and thermal performance of the UV-cured coatings and further enhances their hydrophobic properties. The free radical/cationic hybrid UV-cured silicone materials reduce the problem of oxygen inhibition, and the UV-cured silicone materials have great potential as hydrophobic and self-cleaning materials.

紫外固化技术是一种新型绿色技术，具有高效、节能、环保等优点，但在紫外固化过程中普遍存在氧抑制问题，尤其是在应用硅丙烯酸酯进行紫外固化处理时。本文通过聚（二甲基硅氧烷-共甲基氢硅氧烷）（PDMS-PHMS）和烯丙基缩水甘油醚（AGE）的氢硅烷化反应，将环氧基团接枝到有机硅片段上，同时保留部分 Si-H 键，从而制备出含有 Si-H 键的环氧基有机硅预聚合物（ESP）。预聚物中的环氧基团可进行阳离子光聚合，而预聚物中保留的 Si-H 键可产生高活性硅基自由基，从而引发自由基光聚合反应。添加静电除尘器后，有机硅丙烯酸酯的抗氧抑制能力得到增强。通过实验研究发现，接枝了 0.30% 环氧基团的 ESP-3 对减少氧抑制的效果最好，当 ESP-3 的添加量为 20 wt% 时，有机硅丙烯酸酯能够在空气中进行紫外固化，且不会出现表面发粘的现象。添加 ESP-3 对紫外线固化涂层的透明度和热性能没有重大影响，并能进一步增强其疏水性能。自由基/阳离子混合紫外固化有机硅材料减少了氧抑制问题，紫外固化有机硅材料作为疏水和自清洁材料具有很大的潜力。

{"title":"Preparation of free radical/cationic hybrid UV-cured silicone materials with reducing oxygen inhibition via silyl radicals","authors":"Xiaoquan Li , Fuping Bian , Rui Huang , Jiyan Wei , Xuefeng Gui , Jiwen Hu , Shudong Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>UV-curing technology is a new, green technology with the advantages of being efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly; however, there is a general oxygen-inhibition problem during the UV-curing process, especially when silicone acrylates are applied to the UV-curing treatment. Herein, epoxy-based silicone prepolymers (ESP) containing Si-H bonds were prepared through the hydrosilylation reaction of poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-methylhydrosiloxane) (PDMS-PHMS) and allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) to graft epoxy groups onto silicone segments while retaining part of the Si-H bond. The epoxy groups in the prepolymers are capable of cationic photopolymerization, and the retained Si-H bonds in the prepolymers can generate highly reactive silyl radicals for initiating free-radical photopolymerization. The anti-oxygen inhibition ability of silicone acrylates was enhanced with the addition of ESPs. Through experimental investigation, it was found that ESP-3 grafted with 0.30% epoxy groups had the best effect on reducing oxygen inhibition, and the silicone acrylates were able to undergo UV curing in air without sticky surfaces when the added amounts of ESP-3 were at 20 wt%. The addition of ESP-3 has no major impact on the transparency and thermal performance of the UV-cured coatings and further enhances their hydrophobic properties. The free radical/cationic hybrid UV-cured silicone materials reduce the problem of oxygen inhibition, and the UV-cured silicone materials have great potential as hydrophobic and self-cleaning materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113582"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soluble polyimides with ultralow dielectric constant and dielectric loss and high colorless transparency based on spirobisindane-bis (aryl ester) diamines 具有超低介电常数、介电损耗和高无色透明度的可溶性聚酰亚胺，基于螺双茚双(芳基酯)二胺

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113580

Peng Xiao , Xiaojie He , Feng Zheng , Qinghua Lu

With the emergence of 5G technology, the traditional polyimide with a relatively high dielectric constant (D_k) and dielectric loss (D_f) are not suitable the requirements of ultra-high transmission and ultra-low loss. In particular, reducing the D_f value of polyimide has become a significant difficulty in science and engineering. Herein, an elaborate design was proposed for the preparation of polyimide with both low D_k and low D_f, based on a pair of diamine isomer containing two esters and a spiro-bis-indene structure (p-SBI2EA and m-SBI2EA), and their polymerization with 4,4′-(Hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA). The resultant polyimide films showed an exceptional dielectric property, with D_k values of 2.83 and 2.88, and D_f values of 0.0043 and 0.0048 for p-SBI2EA-6FDA and m-SBI2EA-6FDA, respectively, at high frequencies (40 GHz). Interestingly, introducing the spirobisindane structure significantly displayed preeminent solubility in both high-boiling-point and low-boiling-point solvents. Furthermore, the PI films exhibited perfect optical performance, with cutoff wavelengths (λ_cut-off) of 315 and 321 nm, transmittance exceeding 86 % and 89 % at 450 nm, and yellowing indices (YI) as low as 1.72 and 1.63, respectively. The features of the PIs render them auspicious candidate materials for applications in 5G high frequency communication and optical fields.

随着 5G 技术的出现，介电常数（Dk）和介质损耗（Df）相对较高的传统聚酰亚胺已无法满足超高传输和超低损耗的要求。尤其是降低聚酰亚胺的 Df 值已成为科学和工程领域的一大难题。本文提出了一种精心设计的低 Dk 值和低 Df 值聚酰亚胺的制备方法，该方法基于一对含有两个酯和螺双烯结构的二胺异构体（p-SBI2EA 和 m-SBI2EA），并将它们与 4,4′-（六氟异亚丙基）二邻苯二甲酸酐（6FDA）聚合。由此生成的聚酰亚胺薄膜显示出卓越的介电性能，在高频率（40 GHz）下，p-SBI2EA-6FDA 和 m-SBI2EA-6FDA 的 Dk 值分别为 2.83 和 2.88，Df 值分别为 0.0043 和 0.0048。有趣的是，引入螺双茚结构后，其在高沸点和低沸点溶剂中的溶解度都显著提高。此外，PI 薄膜还表现出完美的光学性能，截止波长（λcut-off）分别为 315 纳米和 321 纳米，在 450 纳米波长下的透射率分别超过 86% 和 89%，黄化指数（YI）分别低至 1.72 和 1.63。这些 PIs 的特性使其成为 5G 高频通信和光学领域应用的理想候选材料。

{"title":"Soluble polyimides with ultralow dielectric constant and dielectric loss and high colorless transparency based on spirobisindane-bis (aryl ester) diamines","authors":"Peng Xiao , Xiaojie He , Feng Zheng , Qinghua Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the emergence of 5G technology, the traditional polyimide with a relatively high dielectric constant (<em>D</em><sub>k</sub>) and dielectric loss (<em>D</em><sub>f</sub>) are not suitable the requirements of ultra-high transmission and ultra-low loss. In particular, reducing the <em>D</em><sub>f</sub> value of polyimide has become a significant difficulty in science and engineering. Herein, an elaborate design was proposed for the preparation of polyimide with both low <em>D</em><sub>k</sub> and low <em>D</em><sub>f</sub>, based on a pair of diamine isomer containing two esters and a spiro-bis-indene structure (<em>p</em>-SBI2EA and <em>m</em>-SBI2EA), and their polymerization with 4,4′-(Hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA). The resultant polyimide films showed an exceptional dielectric property, with <em>D</em><sub>k</sub> values of 2.83 and 2.88, and <em>D</em><sub>f</sub> values of 0.0043 and 0.0048 for <em>p</em>-SBI2EA-6FDA and <em>m</em>-SBI2EA-6FDA, respectively, at high frequencies (40 GHz). Interestingly, introducing the spirobisindane structure significantly displayed preeminent solubility in both high-boiling-point and low-boiling-point solvents. Furthermore, the PI films exhibited perfect optical performance, with cutoff wavelengths (<em>λ</em><sub>cut-off</sub>) of 315 and 321 nm, transmittance exceeding 86 % and 89 % at 450 nm, and yellowing indices (YI) as low as 1.72 and 1.63, respectively. The features of the PIs render them auspicious candidate materials for applications in 5G high frequency communication and optical fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113580"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanoresponsive self-reinforcement composite hydrogels with triple-network structures 具有三重网络结构的机械粘弹性自增强复合水凝胶

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113579

Qing-xin Hu , Ran Liu , Zhao Gao , Yu-yu Zhou , Wen-jing Yan , Jin-min Yao , Ze-min Ma , Yan-ru Xue , Meng Zhang , Yan-qin Wang , Xiao-gang Wu , Qiang Li

Composite hydrogels featuring multiple-network structures hold immense potential owing to their superior mechanical attributes and exceptional capacity for dissipating energy. Nonetheless, many multiple-network hydrogels lack mechanoresponsive self-reinforcement capabilities, rendering them susceptible to enduring structural fractures. Hence, it exists a critical need to engineer composite hydrogels with both multiple-network structures and mechanoresponsive self-reinforcement abilities. In this study, we devised a triple-network (TN) hydrogel employing poly (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) sodium salt (PNaAMPS) as the first network, which can generate mechanical radicals upon fracture. While polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-Al³⁺ served as the secondary and tertiary networks, respectively, so that to optimize its mechanical properties effectively. Upon breakage, the fragmented PNaAMPS chains could act as radical initiators, catalyzing the polymerization of the N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) monomers within the TN hydrogels to form PNIPAM chains. Furthermore, through successive network disruptions and the infusion of NIPAM monomers, the mechanical strength of the triple-network gel could be significantly enhanced. Furthermore, we evaluated the extent of mechanoresponsive self-reinforcement using the fluorochrome 8-Anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) as a fluorescent probe. This probe enabled the quantification of the PNIPAM production visually, which provided valuable feedback of the mechanical strength self-reinforcement levels by the fluorescence signals. Our approach set the stage for the development of mechanoresponsive composite hydrogels with fluorescence feedback capabilities for self-reinforcement assessment.

具有多重网络结构的复合水凝胶因其卓越的机械属性和超强的消能能力而具有巨大的潜力。然而，许多多网状水凝胶缺乏机械压缩自加固能力，因此容易发生结构性断裂。因此，亟需设计出同时具有多重网络结构和机械压缩自加固能力的复合水凝胶。在这项研究中，我们设计了一种三重网络（TN）水凝胶，采用聚（2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸钠）钠盐（PNaAMPS）作为第一重网络，在断裂时可产生机械自由基。聚乙烯醇（PVA）和羧甲基纤维素（CMC）-Al3+ 分别作为第二和第三网络，从而有效优化其机械性能。断裂后，破碎的 PNaAMPS 链可作为自由基引发剂，催化 TN 水凝胶中的 N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（NIPAM）单体聚合，形成 PNIPAM 链。此外，通过连续破坏网络和注入 NIPAM 单体，三重网络凝胶的机械强度可以显著提高。此外，我们还使用荧光探针 8-苯胺基-1-萘磺酸（ANS）评估了机械压缩自加固的程度。这种探针能直观地量化 PNIPAM 的生成，并通过荧光信号对机械强度自加固水平提供有价值的反馈。我们的方法为开发具有荧光反馈能力的机械增效复合水凝胶奠定了基础，可用于自加固评估。

{"title":"Mechanoresponsive self-reinforcement composite hydrogels with triple-network structures","authors":"Qing-xin Hu , Ran Liu , Zhao Gao , Yu-yu Zhou , Wen-jing Yan , Jin-min Yao , Ze-min Ma , Yan-ru Xue , Meng Zhang , Yan-qin Wang , Xiao-gang Wu , Qiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite hydrogels featuring multiple-network structures hold immense potential owing to their superior mechanical attributes and exceptional capacity for dissipating energy. Nonetheless, many multiple-network hydrogels lack mechanoresponsive self-reinforcement capabilities, rendering them susceptible to enduring structural fractures. Hence, it exists a critical need to engineer composite hydrogels with both multiple-network structures and mechanoresponsive self-reinforcement abilities. In this study, we devised a triple-network (TN) hydrogel employing poly (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) sodium salt (PNaAMPS) as the first network, which can generate mechanical radicals upon fracture. While polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-Al<sup>3+</sup> served as the secondary and tertiary networks, respectively, so that to optimize its mechanical properties effectively. Upon breakage, the fragmented PNaAMPS chains could act as radical initiators, catalyzing the polymerization of the N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) monomers within the TN hydrogels to form PNIPAM chains. Furthermore, through successive network disruptions and the infusion of NIPAM monomers, the mechanical strength of the triple-network gel could be significantly enhanced. Furthermore, we evaluated the extent of mechanoresponsive self-reinforcement using the fluorochrome 8-Anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) as a fluorescent probe. This probe enabled the quantification of the PNIPAM production visually, which provided valuable feedback of the mechanical strength self-reinforcement levels by the fluorescence signals. Our approach set the stage for the development of mechanoresponsive composite hydrogels with fluorescence feedback capabilities for self-reinforcement assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113579"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A one-step polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylamide/polyacrylic acid/dimethyl sulfoxide/CaCl2 hybrid hydrogel enabling anti-fatigue, anti-freeze and anti-dehydration for wearable strain sensor 一步法聚乙烯醇/聚丙烯酰胺/聚丙烯酸/二甲基亚砜/CaCl2 混合水凝胶，用于可穿戴应变传感器的抗疲劳、抗冻和抗脱水功能

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113573

Xiangqian Fan , Liyong Wang , Shaomin Bai , Huiqi Wang , Xingcheng Zhu , Lei Liu , Ning Li , Chaorui Xue , Shengliang Hu

Hydrogel with fatigue resistance, freezing tolerant and dehydration resistance are peculiarly attractive in strain sensors. The hydrogel soaked in organic solvent is an effective strategy to improve freezing resistance and dehydration resistance, while this may result in poor conductivity. Moreover, ion-incorporation is considered to be the most feasible method for solving above concern, while high concentration of salt ions will result in weak mechanical properties. Therefore, the facile preparation of anti-freezing and anti-dehydration hydrogels with excellent fatigue resistance remains a challenge. Herein, a polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylamide/polyacrylic acid/dimethyl sulfoxide/CaCl₂ hybrid hydrogel was designed and fabricated through a facile one-step method to balance a variety of outstanding properties. On account of the hybridization design of multi-materials, the hybrid hydrogel exhibited high ionic conductivity (∼0.2 S/m), strength (∼0.36 MPa) and stretchability (∼825 %). Meanwhile, the hybrid hydrogel demonstrated prominent freezing resistance, dehydration resistance and fatigue resistance. The mechanical properties almost no deterioration after 1000 stretching cycle at 100 % strain, exposure to environment for 30 days or freeze at low temperature. Besides, the hybrid hydrogel-based stain sensor showed a linear sensitivity (GF = 1.12 over 0–400 % strain), quickly responsivity (200 ms), and could monitor various human activities steadily, demonstrating distinguished potential for use in wearable health monitoring and flexible electric skins.

在应变传感器中，抗疲劳、耐冷冻和耐脱水的水凝胶具有独特的吸引力。将水凝胶浸泡在有机溶剂中是提高抗冻性和抗脱水性的有效方法，但这可能会导致导电性变差。此外，离子注入被认为是解决上述问题的最可行方法，但高浓度的盐离子会导致机械性能减弱。因此，如何简便地制备出抗冻、抗脱水且具有优异抗疲劳性能的水凝胶仍是一项挑战。本文设计了一种聚乙烯醇/聚丙烯酰胺/聚丙烯酸/二甲基亚砜/CaCl2杂化水凝胶，并通过简便的一步法制备出了兼顾多种优异性能的水凝胶。由于多种材料的杂化设计，该杂化水凝胶具有较高的离子电导率（∼0.2 S/m）、强度（∼0.36 MPa）和拉伸性（∼825 %）。同时，混合水凝胶还具有突出的抗冻性、抗脱水性和抗疲劳性。在应变为 100 % 的情况下拉伸 1000 次、暴露于环境中 30 天或低温冷冻后，其机械性能几乎没有下降。此外，基于混合水凝胶的染色传感器显示出线性灵敏度（0-400 % 应变范围内的 GF = 1.12）和快速响应性（200 毫秒），可以稳定地监测人体的各种活动，在可穿戴健康监测和柔性电动皮肤方面具有显著的应用潜力。

{"title":"A one-step polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylamide/polyacrylic acid/dimethyl sulfoxide/CaCl2 hybrid hydrogel enabling anti-fatigue, anti-freeze and anti-dehydration for wearable strain sensor","authors":"Xiangqian Fan , Liyong Wang , Shaomin Bai , Huiqi Wang , Xingcheng Zhu , Lei Liu , Ning Li , Chaorui Xue , Shengliang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogel with fatigue resistance, freezing tolerant and dehydration resistance are peculiarly attractive in strain sensors. The hydrogel soaked in organic solvent is an effective strategy to improve freezing resistance and dehydration resistance, while this may result in poor conductivity. Moreover, ion-incorporation is considered to be the most feasible method for solving above concern, while high concentration of salt ions will result in weak mechanical properties. Therefore, the facile preparation of anti-freezing and anti-dehydration hydrogels with excellent fatigue resistance remains a challenge. Herein, a polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylamide/polyacrylic acid/dimethyl sulfoxide/CaCl<sub>2</sub> hybrid hydrogel was designed and fabricated through a facile one-step method to balance a variety of outstanding properties. On account of the hybridization design of multi-materials, the hybrid hydrogel exhibited high ionic conductivity (∼0.2 S/m), strength (∼0.36 MPa) and stretchability (∼825 %). Meanwhile, the hybrid hydrogel demonstrated prominent freezing resistance, dehydration resistance and fatigue resistance. The mechanical properties almost no deterioration after 1000 stretching cycle at 100 % strain, exposure to environment for 30 days or freeze at low temperature. Besides, the hybrid hydrogel-based stain sensor showed a linear sensitivity (GF = 1.12 over 0–400 % strain), quickly responsivity (200 ms), and could monitor various human activities steadily, demonstrating distinguished potential for use in wearable health monitoring and flexible electric skins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113573"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual physical cross-linking supramolecular hydrogel with self-healing, recyclable and stretchable capabilities as wearable strain sensor for human motion monitoring 具有自修复、可回收和可拉伸功能的双物理交联超分子水凝胶，可作为用于人体运动监测的可穿戴应变传感器

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113572

Hailan Ren , Shujun Zou , Sijing He, Qinfeng Rong

Hydrogel-based wearable sensors have attracted tremendous attention in the sensing electronics field due to their unique properties. However, it remains a challenge to explore hydrogel-based sensor that can incorporate highly stretchable, self-healing, and recyclable properties simultaneously. In this work, we report a simple approach to fabricate high-performance polymer hydrogels using (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (ATAC), tannic acid (TA) and ferric chloride (FeCl₃) as raw materials. There were two non-covalent interactions in the network: hydrogen bonding between PATAC and TA, and metal-coordination interaction between TA and FeCl₃. Excellent mechanical properties were achieved of the PATAC-TA/Fe³⁺ hydrogel: fracture strain of 2234 %, fracture stress of 188.57 kPa, and toughness of 2.93 MJ/m³. Due to reversibility of the non-covalent cross-linked networks, the self-healing efficiency of the hydrogel could reach 96.62 % after 24 h of contact. At the same time, the stretchability, electrical conductivity, and self-healing property of the damaged hydrogel were recovered after dissolution and drying. Therefore, the strain sensor based on the hydrogel could be used to monitor a variety of human activities in real time, including speech recognition, facial expression recognition and joint bending. With the combination of these outstanding features, such a highly self-healing and recyclable hydrogel through a facile and green preparation process would have great potential application for sustainable wearable sensors.

基于水凝胶的可穿戴传感器因其独特的性能在传感电子领域引起了极大的关注。然而，探索同时具有高拉伸性、自愈性和可回收性的水凝胶传感器仍是一项挑战。在这项工作中，我们报告了一种以（3-丙烯酰胺丙基）三甲基氯化铵（ATAC）、单宁酸（TA）和氯化铁（FeCl3）为原料制造高性能聚合物水凝胶的简单方法。网络中存在两种非共价相互作用：PATAC 和 TA 之间的氢键作用，以及 TA 和 FeCl3 之间的金属配位相互作用。PATAC-TA/Fe3+ 水凝胶具有优异的机械性能：断裂应变为 2234%，断裂应力为 188.57 kPa，韧性为 2.93 MJ/m3。由于非共价交联网络的可逆性，水凝胶在接触 24 小时后的自愈合效率可达 96.62%。同时，在溶解和干燥后，受损水凝胶的拉伸性、导电性和自愈性都得到了恢复。因此，基于水凝胶的应变传感器可用于实时监测各种人体活动，包括语音识别、面部表情识别和关节弯曲。结合这些突出特点，这种通过简便、绿色的制备过程实现高度自愈合和可回收的水凝胶将在可持续可穿戴传感器领域具有巨大的应用潜力。

{"title":"Dual physical cross-linking supramolecular hydrogel with self-healing, recyclable and stretchable capabilities as wearable strain sensor for human motion monitoring","authors":"Hailan Ren , Shujun Zou , Sijing He, Qinfeng Rong","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogel-based wearable sensors have attracted tremendous attention in the sensing electronics field due to their unique properties. However, it remains a challenge to explore hydrogel-based sensor that can incorporate highly stretchable, self-healing, and recyclable properties simultaneously. In this work, we report a simple approach to fabricate high-performance polymer hydrogels using (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (ATAC), tannic acid (TA) and ferric chloride (FeCl<sub>3</sub>) as raw materials. There were two non-covalent interactions in the network: hydrogen bonding between PATAC and TA, and metal-coordination interaction between TA and FeCl<sub>3</sub>. Excellent mechanical properties were achieved of the PATAC-TA/Fe<sup>3+</sup> hydrogel: fracture strain of 2234 %, fracture stress of 188.57 kPa, and toughness of 2.93 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>. Due to reversibility of the non-covalent cross-linked networks, the self-healing efficiency of the hydrogel could reach 96.62 % after 24 h of contact. At the same time, the stretchability, electrical conductivity, and self-healing property of the damaged hydrogel were recovered after dissolution and drying. Therefore, the strain sensor based on the hydrogel could be used to monitor a variety of human activities in real time, including speech recognition, facial expression recognition and joint bending. With the combination of these outstanding features, such a highly self-healing and recyclable hydrogel through a facile and green preparation process would have great potential application for sustainable wearable sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113572"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Areca nut husk lignocellulosic fibers: A sustainable alternative to synthetic textiles 亚麻仁壳木质纤维：合成纺织品的可持续替代品

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113531

Özge Süfer , Ayşe Nur Tonay , Yasemin Çelebi , Berrak Delikanlı Kıyak , Azime Özkan Karabacak , Gülşah Çalışkan Koç , Samiye Adal , Seema Ramniwas , Sarvesh Rustagi , Ravi Pandiselvam

This review paper explores the potential of Areca nut husk fibers as a sustainable alternative to synthetic textiles, focusing on their composition, properties, extraction methods, and applications. Areca nut husk, a lignocellulosic material rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, is an abundant agricultural by-product in regions like India. Despite its current underutilization, it exhibits excellent mechanical and thermal properties, making it suitable for diverse applications, including biocomposites, biodegradable packaging, textiles, and construction materials. The review highlights the extraction and processing techniques for optimizing fiber quality, such as alkaline treatment, and discusses the fibers’ advantages, such as renewability, biodegradability, and cost-effectiveness. The environmental impact assessment underscores the ecological benefits of replacing synthetic fibers with Areca nut husk fibers, emphasizing their potential to reduce carbon emissions and waste. While the fibers show promise in multiple industries, the paper also addresses current challenges and the need for further research to fully realize their potential as a green alternative to synthetic fibers.

本综述论文探讨了阿雷卡果壳纤维作为合成纺织品可持续替代品的潜力，重点关注其成分、特性、提取方法和应用。阿雷卡果壳是一种富含纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的木质纤维素材料，在印度等地区是一种丰富的农副产品。尽管目前其利用率不高，但它具有优异的机械和热性能，因此适合多种应用，包括生物复合材料、可生物降解包装、纺织品和建筑材料。综述重点介绍了优化纤维质量的提取和加工技术，如碱性处理，并讨论了纤维的优势，如可再生性、生物降解性和成本效益。环境影响评估强调了用阿雷卡果壳纤维替代合成纤维的生态效益，强调了其减少碳排放和废物的潜力。虽然这种纤维在多个行业都大有可为，但论文也谈到了当前的挑战和进一步研究的必要性，以充分发挥其作为合成纤维绿色替代品的潜力。

{"title":"Areca nut husk lignocellulosic fibers: A sustainable alternative to synthetic textiles","authors":"Özge Süfer , Ayşe Nur Tonay , Yasemin Çelebi , Berrak Delikanlı Kıyak , Azime Özkan Karabacak , Gülşah Çalışkan Koç , Samiye Adal , Seema Ramniwas , Sarvesh Rustagi , Ravi Pandiselvam","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review paper explores the potential of Areca nut husk fibers as a sustainable alternative to synthetic textiles, focusing on their composition, properties, extraction methods, and applications. Areca nut husk, a lignocellulosic material rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, is an abundant agricultural by-product in regions like India. Despite its current underutilization, it exhibits excellent mechanical and thermal properties, making it suitable for diverse applications, including biocomposites, biodegradable packaging, textiles, and construction materials. The review highlights the extraction and processing techniques for optimizing fiber quality, such as alkaline treatment, and discusses the fibers’ advantages, such as renewability, biodegradability, and cost-effectiveness. The environmental impact assessment underscores the ecological benefits of replacing synthetic fibers with Areca nut husk fibers, emphasizing their potential to reduce carbon emissions and waste. While the fibers show promise in multiple industries, the paper also addresses current challenges and the need for further research to fully realize their potential as a green alternative to synthetic fibers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113531"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

POxylated stereocomplexes from PEtOx-b-PLA diblock copolymers 来自 PEtOx-b-PLA 二嵌段共聚物的 POxylated 立体共聚物

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113545

Leanne M. Stafast , Martin Swieczkowski , Purushottam Poudel , Nora Engel , Chuan Yin , Karl Scheuer , Christine Weber , Felix H. Schacher , Klaus D. Jandt , Ulrich S. Schubert

An ω-hydroxyl terminated poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) was obtained by termination of the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline with acetate and subsequent transesterification with methanol. The resulting PEtOx-OH featuring a degree of polymerization (DP) of 18 was used as a macroinitiator for the ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide as well as d-lactide. The resulting PEtOx-b-PLA block copolymers featured DP values of 25, 50, 100, and 150, respectively, and were characterized by means of size exclusion chromatography, ¹H NMR spectroscopy as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle x-ray scattering and polarized light microscopy indicated the formation of stereocomplexes in racemic blends of PEtOx-b-PLA with opposing chirality. Thereby, the amorphous PEtOx block did not affect the modification of the stereocomplex crystallites, as shown by comparison with data obtained from PLA homopolymer stereocomplexes. Similar to those, the degree of crystallinity and melting temperature decreased with increasing molar mass of the PLA in the stereocomplexes formed from PEtOx-b-PLA block copolymers.

通过乙酸酯终止 2-乙基-2-噁唑啉的阳离子开环聚合，然后用甲醇进行酯交换反应，得到了一种ω-羟基端聚合（2-乙基-2-噁唑啉）（PEtOx）。生成的 PEtOx-OH 聚合度（DP）为 18，可用作 l-内酰胺和 d-内酰胺开环聚合的大引发剂。得到的 PEtOx-b-PLA 嵌段共聚物的 DP 值分别为 25、50、100 和 150，并通过尺寸排阻色谱法、1H NMR 光谱法和基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱法进行了表征。差示扫描量热法、广角 X 射线散射法和偏光显微镜表明，在具有相反手性的 PEtOx-b-PLA 外消旋混合物中形成了立体络合物。因此，与聚乳酸均聚物立体络合物的数据相比，无定形的 PEtOx 嵌段并不影响立体络合物晶体的修饰。与上述数据类似，在 PEtOx-b-PLA 嵌段共聚物形成的立体共聚物中，结晶度和熔化温度随聚乳酸摩尔质量的增加而降低。

{"title":"POxylated stereocomplexes from PEtOx-b-PLA diblock copolymers","authors":"Leanne M. Stafast , Martin Swieczkowski , Purushottam Poudel , Nora Engel , Chuan Yin , Karl Scheuer , Christine Weber , Felix H. Schacher , Klaus D. Jandt , Ulrich S. Schubert","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An ω-hydroxyl terminated poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) was obtained by termination of the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline with acetate and subsequent transesterification with methanol. The resulting PEtOx-OH featuring a degree of polymerization (DP) of 18 was used as a macroinitiator for the ring-opening polymerization of <span>l</span>-lactide as well as <span>d</span>-lactide. The resulting PEtOx-<em>b</em>-PLA block copolymers featured DP values of 25, 50, 100, and 150, respectively, and were characterized by means of size exclusion chromatography, <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle x-ray scattering and polarized light microscopy indicated the formation of stereocomplexes in racemic blends of PEtOx-<em>b</em>-PLA with opposing chirality. Thereby, the amorphous PEtOx block did not affect the modification of the stereocomplex crystallites, as shown by comparison with data obtained from PLA homopolymer stereocomplexes. Similar to those, the degree of crystallinity and melting temperature decreased with increasing molar mass of the PLA in the stereocomplexes formed from PEtOx-<em>b</em>-PLA block copolymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113545"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of hydrogen bonding interactions, entanglement, and covalent crosslinking on the viscoelasticity of acrylic viscoelastomers containing urea group 氢键相互作用、缠结和共价交联对含尿素基团的丙烯酸粘弹性的影响

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113567

Weizhong Xiang, Jianhui Xia

The structure–property relationship of acrylic clear viscoelastomer films (acrylic CVFs) as foldable optical clear adhesives (OCAs) has always been unclear. In our work, a series of acrylic CVFs with different hydrogen-bonding interactions (H-bondings) and cross-linking densities (namely, CL-H-copolymers) were synthesized. The effects of entanglement, H-bonding, and covalent crosslinking on the recovery and adhesive properties of CL-H copolymers were analyzed by rheology, equilibrium swelling, and tensile stress–strain tests (tensile tests). The structural parameter M_x/M_e^H was obtained by combining the affine deformation model, the Flory-Rehner equation, and the UCM-Gent model, where M_x is the molecular weight between covalent crosslinkers and M_e^H is the a physical crosslinking molecular weight affected by H-bondings. The experimental results showed that the CL-H-copolymers had an obvious dependence on M_x/M_e^H. Recovery properties tended to stabilize (>90 %) at M_x/M_e^H < 1, while adhesion strengths continued to decrease with decreasing M_x/M_e^H. This conclusion and methodology are instructive for the design of foldable OCAs with high elasticity and high adhesion performance.

丙烯酸透明粘弹性薄膜（丙烯酸 CVF）作为可折叠光学透明粘合剂（OCA）的结构-性能关系一直不明确。在我们的工作中，合成了一系列具有不同氢键相互作用（H-键）和交联密度的丙烯酸透明粘弹性薄膜（即 CL-H-共聚物）。通过流变学、平衡溶胀和拉伸应力应变试验（拉伸试验）分析了缠结、氢键和共价交联对 CL-H 共聚物的恢复和粘合性能的影响。结构参数 Mx/MeH 是结合仿射变形模型、Flory-Rehner 方程和 UCM-Gent 模型得到的，其中 Mx 是共价交联剂之间的分子量，MeH 是受 H 键影响的物理交联分子量。实验结果表明，CL-H-共聚物与 Mx/MeH 有明显的依赖关系。当 Mx/MeH 为 1 时，恢复性能趋于稳定（90%），而粘附强度则随着 Mx/MeH 的降低而降低。这一结论和方法对设计具有高弹性和高粘附性能的可折叠 OCA 具有指导意义。

{"title":"Influence of hydrogen bonding interactions, entanglement, and covalent crosslinking on the viscoelasticity of acrylic viscoelastomers containing urea group","authors":"Weizhong Xiang, Jianhui Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structure–property relationship of acrylic clear viscoelastomer films (acrylic CVFs) as foldable optical clear adhesives (OCAs) has always been unclear. In our work, a series of acrylic CVFs with different hydrogen-bonding interactions (H-bondings) and cross-linking densities (namely, CL-H-copolymers) were synthesized. The effects of entanglement, H-bonding, and covalent crosslinking on the recovery and adhesive properties of CL-H copolymers were analyzed by rheology, equilibrium swelling, and tensile stress–strain tests (tensile tests). The structural parameter <em>M</em><sub>x</sub><em>/M</em><sub>e</sub><sup>H</sup> was obtained by combining the affine deformation model, the Flory-Rehner equation, and the UCM-Gent model, where M<sub>x</sub> is the molecular weight between covalent crosslinkers and <em>M</em><sub>e</sub><sup>H</sup> is the a physical crosslinking molecular weight affected by H-bondings. The experimental results showed that the CL-H-copolymers had an obvious dependence on <em>M</em><sub>x</sub><em>/M</em><sub>e</sub><sup>H</sup>. Recovery properties tended to stabilize (>90 %) at <em>M</em><sub>x</sub><em>/M</em><sub>e</sub><sup>H</sup> < 1, while adhesion strengths continued to decrease with decreasing <em>M</em><sub>x</sub><em>/M</em><sub>e</sub><sup>H</sup>. This conclusion and methodology are instructive for the design of foldable OCAs with high elasticity and high adhesion performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 113567"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0