Pub Date : 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113588
Jiaxin Han , Huimin Liu , Junfang Cheng , Xinyue Wang , Chang Xu , Fuyin Zhang , Xufeng Dong
Preventing wound infection and avoiding secondary damage to wounds during dressing changes represents a significant clinical challenge. Developing wound dressings that mitigate wound infections and facilitate peel-on-demand property may solve the problem. In this study, a temperature-responsive hydrogel with antimicrobial and on-demand peeling properties was proposed. Basing on the Schiff-base reaction, a gelatin/oxidized chondroitin sulfate (GelOCS@Ag) hydrogel loaded with silver nanoparticles was synthesized via the straightforward amalgamation of gelatin, chondroitin sulfate, and silver nanoparticles. The resultant hydrogel exhibited commendable tensile, recovery, and temperature-responsive properties, effectively reconciling the dichotomy between adhesion and reversible adhesion, and thereby achieving the desired effect of on-demand peeling. Specifically, the adhesion strength of the GelOCS@Ag hydrogel reached 12.7 kPa at body temperature, in stark contrast to a mere 1.2 kPa at 10℃, facilitating easy detachment from the wound surface. Furthermore, the hydrogel exhibited potent antimicrobial properties and demonstrated excellent cytocompatibility. The GelOCS@Ag hydrogel has promising applications within the realm of wound dressings.
{"title":"A chondroitin sulfate-based temperature-responsive hydrogel with antimicrobial properties for epidermal wound repair in diabetic patients","authors":"Jiaxin Han , Huimin Liu , Junfang Cheng , Xinyue Wang , Chang Xu , Fuyin Zhang , Xufeng Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preventing wound infection and avoiding secondary damage to wounds during dressing changes represents a significant clinical challenge. Developing wound dressings that mitigate wound infections and facilitate peel-on-demand property may solve the problem. In this study, a temperature-responsive hydrogel with antimicrobial and on-demand peeling properties was proposed. Basing on the Schiff-base reaction, a gelatin/oxidized chondroitin sulfate (GelOCS@Ag) hydrogel loaded with silver nanoparticles was synthesized <em>via</em> the straightforward amalgamation of gelatin, chondroitin sulfate, and silver nanoparticles. The resultant hydrogel exhibited commendable tensile, recovery, and temperature-responsive properties, effectively reconciling the dichotomy between adhesion and reversible adhesion, and thereby achieving the desired effect of on-demand peeling. Specifically, the adhesion strength of the GelOCS@Ag hydrogel reached 12.7 kPa at body temperature, in stark contrast to a mere 1.2 kPa at 10℃, facilitating easy detachment from the wound surface. Furthermore, the hydrogel exhibited potent antimicrobial properties and demonstrated excellent cytocompatibility. The GelOCS@Ag hydrogel has promising applications within the realm of wound dressings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 113588"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113611
Wenxuan Feng , Zhenqiang Kan , Aiyuan Lu , Hong Cao , Jinzhong Yao , Li Liu , Xiaoyang Chen , Kaimeng Xu , Guanben Du , Lianpeng Zhang
In the realm of sustainable and regenerative environments, the development of a biomass-based laminated composites endowed with boiling water resistance and flame retardant capabilities holds paramount importance. First of all, a novel maleic anhydride-based polyamine (MAN) was designed and synthesized, characterized by its branched structure replete with numerous reactive sites. Subsequently, utilizing sucrose, MAN, and sucrase (I), a novel sucrose-based adhesive (S-I-MAN) was synthesized, capable of fostering a multifaceted chemical network through enzyme-catalyzed air oxidation cross-linking. And the enzyme-catalysed air oxidation reaction can provide a milder and more specific reaction pathway when catalysed by sucrase. Next, the laminated composites prepared from wood and biomass adhesive (S-I-MAN) exhibited excellent flame retardant properties by organic–inorganic surface modification using tannic acid (TA) and sodium perborate (NaBO3). Further research showed that potassium persulfate can effectively initiate the free radical polymerisation of the carbon–carbon double bond in S-I-MAN, increase the strength and stability of S-I-MAN, and make the laminated composites have more excellent mechanical properties. On the one hand this study developed a new organic–inorganic biomass-based composite adhesive. On the other hand, the surface modification of laminated composites with excellent flame retardant properties provided a new “organic-inorganic composite system with flame retardant” idea.
{"title":"Constructing boiling water resistant and flame-retardant wood composites based on enzyme catalyzed synergistic high branching crosslinking strategy","authors":"Wenxuan Feng , Zhenqiang Kan , Aiyuan Lu , Hong Cao , Jinzhong Yao , Li Liu , Xiaoyang Chen , Kaimeng Xu , Guanben Du , Lianpeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the realm of sustainable and regenerative environments, the development of a biomass-based laminated composites endowed with boiling water resistance and flame retardant capabilities holds paramount importance. First of all, a novel maleic anhydride-based polyamine (MAN) was designed and synthesized, characterized by its branched structure replete with numerous reactive sites. Subsequently, utilizing sucrose, MAN, and sucrase (I), a novel sucrose-based adhesive (S-I-MAN) was synthesized, capable of fostering a multifaceted chemical network through enzyme-catalyzed air oxidation cross-linking. And the enzyme-catalysed air oxidation reaction can provide a milder and more specific reaction pathway when catalysed by sucrase. Next, the laminated composites prepared from wood and biomass adhesive (S-I-MAN) exhibited excellent flame retardant properties by organic–inorganic surface modification using tannic acid (TA) and sodium perborate (NaBO<sub>3</sub>). Further research showed that potassium persulfate can effectively initiate the free radical polymerisation of the carbon–carbon double bond in S-I-MAN, increase the strength and stability of S-I-MAN, and make the laminated composites have more excellent mechanical properties. On the one hand this study developed a new organic–inorganic biomass-based composite adhesive. On the other hand, the surface modification of laminated composites with excellent flame retardant properties provided a new “organic-inorganic composite system with flame retardant” idea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 113611"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113608
Zi Long , Jianjun Gan , Xianglian Wang , Xinde Jiang , Yilong Zou , Shaorong Huang , Xiaoyong Zhang , Yen Wei
The emergence of semiconductor polymers (SPs) has paved the way for obtaining smart and multifunctional semiconductor polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) with distinctive characteristics and diversified applications. Based on their superior optical properties of SPs, the SPNs exhibit strong fluorescence brightness, low cytotoxicity, admirable photostability, favourable reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capability, and satisfactory photothermal properties, making it an excellent tool for various biomedical applications (e.g., fluorescence imaging, sensing and phototherapy). Due to such numerous characteristics, like well designability and facile surface functionalization, the SPNs have been continuously emerging as prominent figures in the medical field, becoming leaders in their respective research areas and achieving numerous accomplishments. With the rapid development of SPNs in biomedical fields, a comprehensive reviewer article to summarize the recent achievements is urgent required. This review summarizes the latest advancements achieved in recent five years for the application of SPNs in biological and biomedical fields, particularly in fluorescence biosensors and phototherapy. Following an introduction into the field, we firstly focus on diverse examples of SPNs-based probes for biosensing, both in vitro and in vivo using cancer cells and animal models. Subsequently, the review highlighted the pivotal applications of SPNs in phototherapy, primarily through photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT) and various phototherapy-based synergistic therapy. Finally, we summarize the current challenges and gives an outlook on the potential future trends on SPNs as advanced healthcare material. In the future, researchers should further optimize the performance of materials along with developing more novel multifunctional materials, and strive to expand the applications of SPNs in the biomedical fields, providing new possibilities for improving fluorescence imaging and phototherapy, further boosting their clinical translation.
{"title":"Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for fluorescence biosensors and phototherapy: A review","authors":"Zi Long , Jianjun Gan , Xianglian Wang , Xinde Jiang , Yilong Zou , Shaorong Huang , Xiaoyong Zhang , Yen Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of semiconductor polymers (SPs) has paved the way for obtaining smart and multifunctional semiconductor polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) with distinctive characteristics and diversified applications. Based on their superior optical properties of SPs, the SPNs exhibit strong fluorescence brightness, low cytotoxicity, admirable photostability, favourable reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capability, and satisfactory photothermal properties, making it an excellent tool for various biomedical applications (e.g., fluorescence imaging, sensing and phototherapy). Due to such numerous characteristics, like well designability and facile surface functionalization, the SPNs have been continuously emerging as prominent figures in the medical field, becoming leaders in their respective research areas and achieving numerous accomplishments. With the rapid development of SPNs in biomedical fields, a comprehensive reviewer article to summarize the recent achievements is urgent required. This review summarizes the latest advancements achieved in recent five years for the application of SPNs in biological and biomedical fields, particularly in fluorescence biosensors and phototherapy. Following an introduction into the field, we firstly focus on diverse examples of SPNs-based probes for biosensing, both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> using cancer cells and animal models. Subsequently, the review highlighted the pivotal applications of SPNs in phototherapy, primarily through photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT) and various phototherapy-based synergistic therapy. Finally, we summarize the current challenges and gives an outlook on the potential future trends on SPNs as advanced healthcare material. In the future, researchers should further optimize the performance of materials along with developing more novel multifunctional materials, and strive to expand the applications of SPNs in the biomedical fields, providing new possibilities for improving fluorescence imaging and phototherapy, further boosting their clinical translation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 113608"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113590
Hongyi Lv , Qianqian Liang , Yi He , Hao Liang , Shilin Xiang , Wanting Yuan , Sifan Li , Jing Hong , Jinrong Wu , Lijuan Zhao , Yi Wang
The excavation of bone relics holds significant implications for studying the origins, evolution, and decline of cultures. However, effectively protecting fragile unearthed bone relics like ivory remains challenging due to environmental changes from burial to exposure, which can cause dehydration and microorganism proliferation, leading to deterioration. Herein, a moisturizing and antibacterial polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel containing glycerol (Gly) and betaine hydrochloride (Bh) is designed for emergency conservation of unearthed bone relics. Gly forms strong hydrogen bonds with the water molecules in the hydrogel, which not only inhibits the diffusion of water molecules into the air, thereby extending their moisturizing duration, but also prevents the diffusion of water molecules into bone relics, avoiding reverse osmosis damage to the relics. Consequently, this allows the relics to maintain their initial moisture content for a prolonged period. Additionally, Gly forms hydrogen bonds with PAM, which imparts high flexibility, strength, elongation, and toughness to the hydrogel, enabling it to conform closely to curved ivory surfaces and resist external forces. In addition, the introduction of Bh significantly enhances the hydrogel’s antibacterial properties, achieving antibacterial rates of 97.96 % against Salmonella and 100 % against Escherichia coli. Based on these advantages, we have applied the hydrogel to the emergency conservation of unearthed bone relics at Sanxingdui. After applying the hydrogel to the ivory surface, the results are significant. 1 day after application, the ivory’s weight retention rate is maintained at over 95 %. Even after 7 days of protection, the appearance of the ivory remains almost unchanged, its mechanical properties are still preserved at more than 90 % of the original levels, and the growth of bacteria on the ivory surface is effectively inhibited. Therefore, this research offers a new approach to the preservation of unearthed bone relics.
{"title":"A transparent, moisturizing, antibacterial and mechanically flexible hydrogel for emergency conservation of unearthed bone relics","authors":"Hongyi Lv , Qianqian Liang , Yi He , Hao Liang , Shilin Xiang , Wanting Yuan , Sifan Li , Jing Hong , Jinrong Wu , Lijuan Zhao , Yi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The excavation of bone relics holds significant implications for studying the origins, evolution, and decline of cultures. However, effectively protecting fragile unearthed bone relics like ivory remains challenging due to environmental changes from burial to exposure, which can cause dehydration and microorganism proliferation, leading to deterioration. Herein, a moisturizing and antibacterial polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel containing glycerol (Gly) and betaine hydrochloride (Bh) is designed for emergency conservation of unearthed bone relics. Gly forms strong hydrogen bonds with the water molecules in the hydrogel, which not only inhibits the diffusion of water molecules into the air, thereby extending their moisturizing duration, but also prevents the diffusion of water molecules into bone relics, avoiding reverse osmosis damage to the relics. Consequently, this allows the relics to maintain their initial moisture content for a prolonged period. Additionally, Gly forms hydrogen bonds with PAM, which imparts high flexibility, strength, elongation, and toughness to the hydrogel, enabling it to conform closely to curved ivory surfaces and resist external forces. In addition, the introduction of Bh significantly enhances the hydrogel’s antibacterial properties, achieving antibacterial rates of 97.96 % against <em>Salmonella</em> and 100 % against <em>Escherichia coli.</em> Based on these advantages, we have applied the hydrogel to the emergency conservation of unearthed bone relics at Sanxingdui. After applying the hydrogel to the ivory surface, the results are significant. 1 day after application, the ivory’s weight retention rate is maintained at over 95 %. Even after 7 days of protection, the appearance of the ivory remains almost unchanged, its mechanical properties are still preserved at more than 90 % of the original levels, and the growth of bacteria on the ivory surface is effectively inhibited. Therefore, this research offers a new approach to the preservation of unearthed bone relics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 113590"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113593
Vahid Ansari , Philippe Massonnet , Hongjuan Weng , Maria Kalogeropoulou , Ron M.A. Heeren , Jules A.W. Harings , Lorenzo Moroni , Katrien V. Bernaerts
α-Amino acid based polyester amides (AA-PEAs) exhibit remarkable properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, flexibility, thermal stability, and mechanical integrity. The incorporation of α-amino acids enhances cytocompatibility, hydrogen bonding, and favorable cell-polymer interactions, making AA-PEAs appealing for biomedical applications, notably tissue engineering. However, addressing complex tissue regeneration requires additional enhancements. Introducing biologically instructive factors, like growth factors and peptides, becomes essential to facilitate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation.
This study explores α-amino acid based functionalized polyester amides (AA-FPEAs) for their potential in tissue engineering, focusing on their underexplored role as thermoplastic resources for fused deposition modeling (FDM). Novel AA-FPEAs with alkyne moieties were synthesized and additively manufactured via FDM, highlighting their structure–property correlation. Employing a facile copper-free click chemistry strategy, we successfully attached a CGRGDS mimicking peptide to AA-FPEAs using UV light and a photoinitiator with water as a solvent. UV–Vis analysis confirmed the feasibility of the click reaction, and TOF-SIMS analysis verified CGRGDS attachment on AA-FPEA films and AM scaffolds. In vitro evaluation further demonstrated that AA-FPEAs support cell growth and proliferation, highlighting their biocompatibility. These findings underscore the potential of AA-FPEAs as versatile functionalized biomaterials for tissue engineering applications.
{"title":"Versatile immobilization of mimicking peptides on additively manufactured functionalized α-amino acid based poly(ester amide)s","authors":"Vahid Ansari , Philippe Massonnet , Hongjuan Weng , Maria Kalogeropoulou , Ron M.A. Heeren , Jules A.W. Harings , Lorenzo Moroni , Katrien V. Bernaerts","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>α-Amino acid based polyester amides (AA-PEAs) exhibit remarkable properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, flexibility, thermal stability, and mechanical integrity. The incorporation of α-amino acids enhances cytocompatibility, hydrogen bonding, and favorable cell-polymer interactions, making AA-PEAs appealing for biomedical applications, notably tissue engineering. However, addressing complex tissue regeneration requires additional enhancements. Introducing biologically instructive factors, like growth factors and peptides, becomes essential to facilitate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation.</div><div>This study explores α-amino acid based functionalized polyester amides (AA-FPEAs) for their potential in tissue engineering, focusing on their underexplored role as thermoplastic resources for fused deposition modeling (FDM). Novel AA-FPEAs with alkyne moieties were synthesized and additively manufactured via FDM, highlighting their structure–property correlation. Employing a facile copper-free click chemistry strategy, we successfully attached a CGRGDS mimicking peptide to AA-FPEAs using UV light and a photoinitiator with water as a solvent. UV–Vis analysis confirmed the feasibility of the click reaction, and TOF-SIMS analysis verified CGRGDS attachment on AA-FPEA films and AM scaffolds. <em>In vitro</em> evaluation further demonstrated that AA-FPEAs support cell growth and proliferation, highlighting their biocompatibility. These findings underscore the potential of AA-FPEAs as versatile functionalized biomaterials for tissue engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 113593"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113604
Hongke Peng , Yuechuan Wang , Yingqing Zhan , Fan Lei , Pan Wang , Kui Li , Ying Li , Xulin Yang
It remains a considerable challenge to enhance mechanical properties without sacrifice of thermal properties in epoxy-based materials. In this study, epoxy/bismaleimide (EP/BMI) composites were synthesized via a melting blend technique using 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone as the curing agent. It is found that there is a unique hierarchical curing mechanism in EP/BMI systems, including (i) respective curing of EP and BMI monomer, (ii) copolymerization between EP prepolymer and BMI monomer, (iii) homopolymerization of EP prepolymer and BMI oligomer. Via the hierarchical copolymerization, EP and BMI are compatible without phase separation phenomenon. The copolymerization concurrently improved the composites’ resistance to deformation under stress and restricted the thermal mobility of the polymer chains upon heat. Compared to pure EP resin, EP/BMI composite (4:1) shows a flexural strength of 133.6 MPa, tensile strength of 106.4 MPa and toughness of 3.6 MJ/m3 respectively, increased by 20.7 %, 36.4 % and 45.0 %. Meanwhile, Tg and Yc were also improved by 10.3 ℃ and 12.3 % in EP/BMI composite. Furthermore, the mechanical and thermal properties of the EP/BMI composites can be efficiently tailored by curing conditions and EP:BMI molar ratios. This discovery provides a significant benchmark for the design of composite material and to expand the application horizons for both EP and BMI materials.
如何在不牺牲环氧基材料热性能的前提下提高其机械性能，仍然是一项巨大的挑战。本研究采用 4,4′-二氨基二苯砜作为固化剂，通过熔融混合技术合成了环氧树脂/双马来酰亚胺（EP/BMI）复合材料。研究发现，EP/BMI 体系存在独特的分层固化机制，包括 (i) EP 和 BMI 单体各自固化，(ii) EP 预聚物和 BMI 单体共聚，(iii) EP 预聚物和 BMI 低聚物均聚。通过分层共聚，EP 和 BMI 相容，没有相分离现象。共聚同时提高了复合材料在应力作用下的抗变形能力，并限制了聚合物链在受热时的热流动性。与纯 EP 树脂相比，EP/BMI 复合材料（4:1）的弯曲强度为 133.6 兆帕、拉伸强度为 106.4 兆帕，韧性为 3.6 兆焦耳/立方米，分别提高了 20.7%、36.4% 和 45.0%。同时，EP/BMI 复合材料的 Tg 和 Yc 也分别提高了 10.3 ℃ 和 12.3%。此外，EP/BMI 复合材料的机械性能和热性能可通过固化条件和 EP:BMI 摩尔比进行有效定制。这一发现为复合材料的设计提供了一个重要基准，并拓展了 EP 和 BMI 材料的应用范围。
{"title":"Hierarchical curing mechanism in epoxy/bismaleimide composites: Enhancing mechanical properties without compromising thermal stabilities","authors":"Hongke Peng , Yuechuan Wang , Yingqing Zhan , Fan Lei , Pan Wang , Kui Li , Ying Li , Xulin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It remains a considerable challenge to enhance mechanical properties without sacrifice of thermal properties in epoxy-based materials. In this study, epoxy/bismaleimide (EP/BMI) composites were synthesized via a melting blend technique using 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone as the curing agent. It is found that there is a unique hierarchical curing mechanism in EP/BMI systems, including (i) respective curing of EP and BMI monomer, (ii) copolymerization between EP prepolymer and BMI monomer, (iii) homopolymerization of EP prepolymer and BMI oligomer. Via the hierarchical copolymerization, EP and BMI are compatible without phase separation phenomenon. The copolymerization concurrently improved the composites’ resistance to deformation under stress and restricted the thermal mobility of the polymer chains upon heat. Compared to pure EP resin, EP/BMI composite (4:1) shows a flexural strength of 133.6 MPa, tensile strength of 106.4 MPa and toughness of 3.6 MJ/m<sup>3</sup> respectively, increased by 20.7 %, 36.4 % and 45.0 %. Meanwhile, <strong><em>T<sub>g</sub></em></strong> and <strong><em>Y<sub>c</sub></em></strong> were also improved by 10.3 ℃ and 12.3 % in EP/BMI composite. Furthermore, the mechanical and thermal properties of the EP/BMI composites can be efficiently tailored by curing conditions and EP:BMI molar ratios. This discovery provides a significant benchmark for the design of composite material and to expand the application horizons for both EP and BMI materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 113604"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113577
Xuanning Zhang , Jianwei Li , Jun Lin , Wen Li , Wei Chu , Qiangli Zhao , Fei Liu
With the rapid development of flexible wearable sensors in the fields of medical detection and environmental monitoring, it is urgent to develop multifunctional sensors with high sensitivity, fast response, wide sensing range, excellent comfort and multi-stimulus response. In this paper, a porous thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film with high stretchability and breathability was prepared by facial liquid phase separation, and a flexible wearable sensor was developed through vapor deposition of polypyrrole (PPy) within the porous TPU film matrix. The fabricated sensor can detect pressure, strain and gas, has a wide pressure detection range (up to 98 kPa), fast response speed (100 ms), sensitivity of up to 0.33 kPa−1 and working stability. Furthermore, it has an extremely high tensile strength of 790 % and can operate in the 0–400 % stretch range with a maximum sensitivity of 238.2. Importantly, the flexible porous TPU/PPy multifunctional sensor has excellent breathability and the capability to monitor NH3 gas, and the gas detection limit can reach 10 ppm. This work provides a new route for achieving high-performance and wearing comfortable strain sensors with broad application prospects in human activity detection and NH3 gas monitoring devices.
{"title":"Highly breathable and stretchable strain sensors based on porous films for human motion and gas detection","authors":"Xuanning Zhang , Jianwei Li , Jun Lin , Wen Li , Wei Chu , Qiangli Zhao , Fei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of flexible wearable sensors in the fields of medical detection and environmental monitoring, it is urgent to develop multifunctional sensors with high sensitivity, fast response, wide sensing range, excellent comfort and multi-stimulus response. In this paper, a porous thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film with high stretchability and breathability was prepared by facial liquid phase separation, and a flexible wearable sensor was developed through vapor deposition of polypyrrole (PPy) within the porous TPU film matrix. The fabricated sensor can detect pressure, strain and gas, has a wide pressure detection range (up to 98 kPa), fast response speed (100 ms), sensitivity of up to 0.33 kPa<sup>−1</sup> and working stability. Furthermore, it has an extremely high tensile strength of 790 % and can operate in the 0–400 % stretch range with a maximum sensitivity of 238.2. Importantly, the flexible porous TPU/PPy multifunctional sensor has excellent breathability and the capability to monitor NH<sub>3</sub> gas, and the gas detection limit can reach 10 ppm. This work provides a new route for achieving high-performance and wearing comfortable strain sensors with broad application prospects in human activity detection and NH<sub>3</sub> gas monitoring devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 113577"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photopolymerization is an important area of investigation due to its wide industrial applications; however, it generally employs quite energetic UV or near UV light to initiate the formation of the polymer. Even though it is very effective and offers several advantages, numerous drawbacks are also encountered such as low light penetration, harmfulness of wavelengths in the UV range and the use of photoinitiators that can be hazardous to health. In this context, many researchers have focused their interest in improving the spatial localization and the temporal control of the polymerization under safer irradiation wavelengths (NIR). In this work, we have successfully produced polyester thermosets by the reaction of epoxy resins with anhydride in the presence of a thermolatent N-Heterocyclic carbene generator using the NIR photothermal effect of a dye (heater) able to convert low-energetic NIR light into heat.
{"title":"NIR photothermal activation in epoxy/anhydride systems for advanced polymerization","authors":"Rania Rejeb , Philibert Lenormand , Gaspard Bichot , Didier Gigmes , Frédéric Dumur , Michael Schmitt , Julien Pinaud , Jacques Lalevée","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photopolymerization is an important area of investigation due to its wide industrial applications; however, it generally employs quite energetic UV or near UV light to initiate the formation of the polymer. Even though it is very effective and offers several advantages, numerous drawbacks are also encountered such as low light penetration, harmfulness of wavelengths in the UV range and the use of photoinitiators that can be hazardous to health. In this context, many researchers have focused their interest in improving the spatial localization and the temporal control of the polymerization under safer irradiation wavelengths (NIR). In this work, we have successfully produced polyester thermosets by the reaction of epoxy resins with anhydride in the presence of a thermolatent <em>N</em>-Heterocyclic carbene generator using the NIR photothermal effect of a dye (heater) able to convert low-energetic NIR light into heat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 113589"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oral drug delivery with tumor-targeting treatment persists as a challenge. In this study, a mixed polymeric micelle (PM) delivery system was designed to overcome the barriers to oral administration for tumor-targeting delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) for breast cancer treatment. D-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-modified carboxymethyl chitosan-rhein (TCR) conjugate and Biotin-polyethylene glycol 2000-Biotin (BPB) conjugate were mixed to form TCR-BPB PMs. The particle size and polydispersity index of optimized PTX-loaded TCR-BPB PMs (PTX/TCR-BPB PMs) was 195.90 ± 7.63 nm and 0.08 ± 0.00, with a drug-loading capacity of 41.94 ± 2.47 %. In simulated gastroenteric fluid and blood environments, the PMs presented a sustained-release manner. PTX/TCR-BPB PMs were taken up by Caco-2 and 4T1 cells and displayed strong cytotoxicity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. PTX/TCR-BPB PMs significantly improved intestinal absorption of PTX. The pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and in vivo imaging indicated that PTX/TCR-BPB PMs could enhance oral bioavailability of PTX, prolong the retention time of PTX in the blood, and enhance PTX tumor-targeting ability. PTX/TCR-BPB PMs enhance the antitumor efficacy of PTX and reduce its toxicity in normal organs. Therefore, TCR-BPB PMs are expected to serve as delivery carriers for the oral and tumor-targeting delivery of hydrophobic antitumor drugs.
{"title":"Oral and tumor-targeting mixed micelles based on pegylated biotin and chitosan-based conjugate for breast cancer treatment","authors":"Longxin Lin , Yaling Zheng , Caixia Huang, Lanlan Cai, Hua Zhang, Wen Xu, Xiaoying Wang, Wei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral drug delivery with tumor-targeting treatment persists as a challenge. In this study, a mixed polymeric micelle (PM) delivery system was designed to overcome the barriers to oral administration for tumor-targeting delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) for breast cancer treatment. D-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-modified carboxymethyl chitosan-rhein (TCR) conjugate and Biotin-polyethylene glycol 2000-Biotin (BPB) conjugate were mixed to form TCR-BPB PMs. The particle size and polydispersity index of optimized PTX-loaded TCR-BPB PMs (PTX/TCR-BPB PMs) was 195.90 ± 7.63 nm and 0.08 ± 0.00, with a drug-loading capacity of 41.94 ± 2.47 %. In simulated gastroenteric fluid and blood environments, the PMs presented a sustained-release manner. PTX/TCR-BPB PMs were taken up by Caco-2 and 4T1 cells and displayed strong cytotoxicity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. PTX/TCR-BPB PMs significantly improved intestinal absorption of PTX. The pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and <em>in vivo</em> imaging indicated that PTX/TCR-BPB PMs could enhance oral bioavailability of PTX, prolong the retention time of PTX in the blood, and enhance PTX tumor-targeting ability. PTX/TCR-BPB PMs enhance the antitumor efficacy of PTX and reduce its toxicity in normal organs. Therefore, TCR-BPB PMs are expected to serve as delivery carriers for the oral and tumor-targeting delivery of hydrophobic antitumor drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 113592"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113591
Miao Wang , Dan Zhou , A’ni Shen , Yihai Liu , Yijun Yao , Hailiang Wu
Herein, a method for preparing highly resistant electrolyte thickeners by introducing supramolecular interactions (multiple hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions) and chemical crosslinking during the polymerization of acrylic monomers has been proposed. The hydroxyl group on the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) unit provides multiple hydrogen bonds for the thickener structure, the carboxyl group on the polyacrylic acid (PAA) molecular chain provides electrostatic interactions for the thickener structure, and the crosslinking agent MBA forms a chemical network structure in the CMC-PAA molecular chain. The synergistic formation of multiple dynamic crosslinking points through the above effects is beneficial for improving the electrolyte resistance of CMC-PAA thickeners. The shift of the carbonyl characteristic peak on the FTIR spectrum confirms the existence of hydrogen bonding interactions between PAA and CMC. The viscosity retention rates of CMC-PAA thickener in tap water and saltwater electrolytes were 97.01% and 53.22%, respectively, exceeding our previously reported hydrophobic modified polyacrylic acid thickener, confirmed that the introduction of hydrogen bonds inhibits the contraction of molecular chains. The fitting analysis of the rheological properties of the color paste shows that the sisko model has high fitting accuracy of the color paste. In addition, CMC-PAA has excellent thermal stability and water-holding properties, which can ensure the contour clarity of subsequent inkjet printed fabrics. This study provides a new method for improving the electrolyte resistance of polyacrylic acid thickeners.
{"title":"Synthesis and rheological properties of carboxymethyl cellulose modified polyacrylic acid thickener with high electrolyte resistance","authors":"Miao Wang , Dan Zhou , A’ni Shen , Yihai Liu , Yijun Yao , Hailiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, a method for preparing highly resistant electrolyte thickeners by introducing supramolecular interactions (multiple hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions) and chemical crosslinking during the polymerization of acrylic monomers has been proposed. The hydroxyl group on the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) unit provides multiple hydrogen bonds for the thickener structure, the carboxyl group on the polyacrylic acid (PAA) molecular chain provides electrostatic interactions for the thickener structure, and the crosslinking agent MBA forms a chemical network structure in the CMC-PAA molecular chain. The synergistic formation of multiple dynamic crosslinking points through the above effects is beneficial for improving the electrolyte resistance of CMC-PAA thickeners. The shift of the carbonyl characteristic peak on the FTIR spectrum confirms the existence of hydrogen bonding interactions between PAA and CMC. The viscosity retention rates of CMC-PAA thickener in tap water and saltwater electrolytes were 97.01% and 53.22%, respectively, exceeding our previously reported hydrophobic modified polyacrylic acid thickener, confirmed that the introduction of hydrogen bonds inhibits the contraction of molecular chains. The fitting analysis of the rheological properties of the color paste shows that the sisko model has high fitting accuracy of the color paste. In addition, CMC-PAA has excellent thermal stability and water-holding properties, which can ensure the contour clarity of subsequent inkjet printed fabrics. This study provides a new method for improving the electrolyte resistance of polyacrylic acid thickeners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 113591"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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