{"title":"Investigation of laminar flow and heat transfer performance of Gallium alloy based nanofluids in minichannel heat sink","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2024.103000","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, 3-D numerical analysis is carried out for single-phase laminar flow in a minichannel heat sink subjected to a uniform value of heat flux. The influence of various substrate materials (Aluminum nitride AlN, Copper alloy Cu, and Silicon Si) and different working fluids GaIn, GaIn-based nanofluids (GaIn-6 %CNT, GaIn-6 %Diamond, GaIn-6 %Alumina) and water on the maximum heat flux, pumping power, average heat transfer coefficient, total thermal resistance and pressure loss is examined for Reynolds number (Re = 300 − 1900) inside minichannel. It is noted that the substrate’s conductivity substantially influences the heat transfer coefficient of minichannel, with higher conductivity leading to a higher heat transfer coefficient. Besides, among all the coolants, the GaIn-6 %CNT alloy with superior thermal conductivity shows an enhanced heat transfer coefficient compared to other coolants in this study. Simulations results depict that the average heat transfer coefficient (h) of GaIn-6 %CNT, GaIn-6 %Diam, and GaIn-6 %Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> relative to that of GaIn alloy is increased by 8.40 %, 7.63 %, and 0.22 %, respectively for Cu substrate at <em>φ</em> = 6 % and Re = 1900. Moreover, for GaIn-6 %CNT, which is used as a liquid metal nanofluid, and Cu is replaced with Si substrate, (h) increases by 35 % and 62.5 % at Re = 1900 and Re = 300, respectively. Similarly, when Cu is used to replace AlN, (h) increases by 11 % and 18.20 % for Re = 1900 and Re = 300, respectively. Finally, numerical findings of the pressure loss and pumping power for working fluids employed in minichannel are discussed and compared with the calculations obtained by analytical correlations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451904924006188","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In this research, 3-D numerical analysis is carried out for single-phase laminar flow in a minichannel heat sink subjected to a uniform value of heat flux. The influence of various substrate materials (Aluminum nitride AlN, Copper alloy Cu, and Silicon Si) and different working fluids GaIn, GaIn-based nanofluids (GaIn-6 %CNT, GaIn-6 %Diamond, GaIn-6 %Alumina) and water on the maximum heat flux, pumping power, average heat transfer coefficient, total thermal resistance and pressure loss is examined for Reynolds number (Re = 300 − 1900) inside minichannel. It is noted that the substrate’s conductivity substantially influences the heat transfer coefficient of minichannel, with higher conductivity leading to a higher heat transfer coefficient. Besides, among all the coolants, the GaIn-6 %CNT alloy with superior thermal conductivity shows an enhanced heat transfer coefficient compared to other coolants in this study. Simulations results depict that the average heat transfer coefficient (h) of GaIn-6 %CNT, GaIn-6 %Diam, and GaIn-6 %Al2O3 relative to that of GaIn alloy is increased by 8.40 %, 7.63 %, and 0.22 %, respectively for Cu substrate at φ = 6 % and Re = 1900. Moreover, for GaIn-6 %CNT, which is used as a liquid metal nanofluid, and Cu is replaced with Si substrate, (h) increases by 35 % and 62.5 % at Re = 1900 and Re = 300, respectively. Similarly, when Cu is used to replace AlN, (h) increases by 11 % and 18.20 % for Re = 1900 and Re = 300, respectively. Finally, numerical findings of the pressure loss and pumping power for working fluids employed in minichannel are discussed and compared with the calculations obtained by analytical correlations.
期刊介绍:
Thermal Science and Engineering Progress (TSEP) publishes original, high-quality research articles that span activities ranging from fundamental scientific research and discussion of the more controversial thermodynamic theories, to developments in thermal engineering that are in many instances examples of the way scientists and engineers are addressing the challenges facing a growing population – smart cities and global warming – maximising thermodynamic efficiencies and minimising all heat losses. It is intended that these will be of current relevance and interest to industry, academia and other practitioners. It is evident that many specialised journals in thermal and, to some extent, in fluid disciplines tend to focus on topics that can be classified as fundamental in nature, or are ‘applied’ and near-market. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress will bridge the gap between these two areas, allowing authors to make an easy choice, should they or a journal editor feel that their papers are ‘out of scope’ when considering other journals. The range of topics covered by Thermal Science and Engineering Progress addresses the rapid rate of development being made in thermal transfer processes as they affect traditional fields, and important growth in the topical research areas of aerospace, thermal biological and medical systems, electronics and nano-technologies, renewable energy systems, food production (including agriculture), and the need to minimise man-made thermal impacts on climate change. Review articles on appropriate topics for TSEP are encouraged, although until TSEP is fully established, these will be limited in number. Before submitting such articles, please contact one of the Editors, or a member of the Editorial Advisory Board with an outline of your proposal and your expertise in the area of your review.