Underestimated role of sea surface temperature in sea spray aerosol formation and climate effects

IF 8.5 1区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI:10.1038/s41612-024-00823-x

Jie Hu, Jianlong Li, Narcisse Tsona Tchinda, Yaru Song, Minglan Xu, Kun Li, Lin Du

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Abstract

The uncertainty regarding the correlation between sea spray aerosol (SSA) formation and sea surface temperature (SST) hinders the accurate estimation of SSA’s impact on global climate. Here, we developed a temperature-controlled plunging SSA simulation tank to investigate the impact of SST on SSA formation from two perspectives: SSA particle size distribution and organic enrichment. Our findings show that SSA particle size decreases with decreasing SST, as exhibited by an increase in SSA within Aitken mode and a decrease in SSA within accumulation and coarse modes. SST can significantly enhance organic enrichment in SSA particles, while the multiplicative increases vary from 2 to 10 times depending on the organic matter species and the SSA particle size. Based on our experimental results, it is predicted that SST reduction may lead to a significantly higher contribution of Aitken modal SSA-derived CCN in cold waters (0 °C) than in warm waters (30 °C). Additionally, we incorporate SST for the first time in estimating the global flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) emitted via SSA, yielding a value ranging from 23.45 to 55.78 Tg C yr−1. Compared to previous works, our study reveals the crucial role of SST in influencing both cloud formation and the atmospheric organic burden of SSA.

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低估海面温度在海雾气溶胶形成和气候效应中的作用

海雾气溶胶（SSA）的形成与海面温度（SST）之间的相关性存在不确定性，这阻碍了准确估计 SSA 对全球气候的影响。在此，我们开发了一个温度可控的急剧下降的海雾气溶胶模拟罐，从两个方面研究海面温度对海雾气溶胶形成的影响：SSA粒径分布和有机富集。我们的研究结果表明，随着 SST 的降低，SSA 粒径会减小，具体表现为艾特肯模式下 SSA 粒径增大，累积和粗粒模式下 SSA 粒径减小。SST 可显著提高 SSA 颗粒中的有机物富集度，而根据有机物种类和 SSA 颗粒大小的不同，倍增幅度从 2 倍到 10 倍不等。根据我们的实验结果预测，SST 的降低可能会导致冷水（0 °C）中艾特肯模式 SSA 衍生 CCN 的贡献率明显高于暖水（30 °C）。此外，我们首次结合 SST 估算了通过 SSA 排放的溶解有机碳 (DOC) 的全球通量，得出的数值范围为 23.45 至 55.78 Tg C yr-1。与之前的研究相比，我们的研究揭示了 SST 在影响云的形成和 SSA 的大气有机负荷方面的关键作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Earth and Planetary Sciences-Atmospheric Science

CiteScore

8.80

自引率

3.30%

发文量

审稿时长

21 weeks

期刊介绍： npj Climate and Atmospheric Science is an open-access journal encompassing the relevant physical, chemical, and biological aspects of atmospheric and climate science. The journal places particular emphasis on regional studies that unveil new insights into specific localities, including examinations of local atmospheric composition, such as aerosols. The range of topics covered by the journal includes climate dynamics, climate variability, weather and climate prediction, climate change, ocean dynamics, weather extremes, air pollution, atmospheric chemistry (including aerosols), the hydrological cycle, and atmosphere–ocean and atmosphere–land interactions. The journal welcomes studies employing a diverse array of methods, including numerical and statistical modeling, the development and application of in situ observational techniques, remote sensing, and the development or evaluation of new reanalyses.