Enhancing Li-ion battery efficiency: An experimental study on hybrid cooling approach with paraffin and forced air convection

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Thermal Science and Engineering Progress Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI:10.1016/j.tsep.2024.103048

Enis Selcuk Altuntop , Dogan Erdemir , Yüksel Kaplan , Veysel Özceyhan

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Abstract

This article experimentally investigates the application of commercial paraffin for the thermal management of Li-ion battery packs under various operational and design parameters. The performance of paraffin is compared to natural and forced air convection effects without paraffin. In the experiments, battery packs of 12 V, 24 V, and 48 V are utilized. The discharge rates are 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5C. The distance variations between the battery cells for the PCM cooling method are examined at 0.25D, 0.5D, and 1D (D is the diameter of the battery cell). The results indicate that the battery packs with natural air convection exceed the thermal limitations recommended by the battery cell manufacturer. Besides that, forced air convection created undesirable conditions for the long-term use of batteries. The energy efficiency values for hybrid cooling that combines paraffin and forced air are higher than those for forced air convection. The battery packs have demonstrated the best performance in 48 V, 0.5D and 0 m/s case with 97 % efficiency for 4C discharge rate. The lowest efficiency has been seen in 12 V, 0.5D and 0 m/s with 50 % for 5C discharge rate. The lowest temperature difference is observed in 12 V, 0.25D and 0 m/s for 1C discharge rate which is 1.9 °C. The highest temperature difference is spotted in 12 V, 0D, and 0 m/s case for 5C discharge rate which is 32 °C. The highest temperature is 102 °C in 48 V, 0D, and 0 m/s case for 5C discharge rate. The lowest temperature is 24 °C in 24 V, 0.5, and 7.5 m/s case for 1C discharge rate.

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提高锂离子电池效率：石蜡和强制空气对流混合冷却方法的实验研究

本文通过实验研究了商用石蜡在不同运行和设计参数下对锂离子电池组热管理的应用。将石蜡的性能与不使用石蜡的自然对流和强制空气对流效果进行了比较。实验中使用了 12 V、24 V 和 48 V 的电池组。放电速率分别为 1、2、3、4 和 5C。在 PCM 冷却方法中，电池单元之间的距离变化分别为 0.25D、0.5D 和 1D（D 为电池单元的直径）。结果表明，采用自然空气对流的电池组超过了电池芯制造商建议的热限制。此外，强制空气对流为电池的长期使用创造了不良条件。石蜡和强制空气混合冷却的能效值高于强制空气对流的能效值。电池组在 48 V、0.5D 和 0 m/s 的情况下表现最佳，在 4C 放电率下效率为 97%。在电压为 12 V、电流为 0.5D 和流速为 0 m/s 的情况下，效率最低，在 5C 放电速率下为 50%。在 12 V、0.25 D 和 0 m/s 条件下，放电速率为 1 C 时的温差最小，为 1.9 °C。在 12 V、0D 和 0 m/s 条件下，5C 放电速率的温差最大，为 32 °C。在 48 V、0D 和 0 m/s 条件下，5C 放电速率的最高温度为 102 °C。在 24 V、0.5 和 7.5 m/s 条件下，放电速率为 1 C 时的最低温度为 24 °C。

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来源期刊

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress Chemical Engineering-Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

10.40%

发文量

327

审稿时长

41 days

期刊介绍： Thermal Science and Engineering Progress (TSEP) publishes original, high-quality research articles that span activities ranging from fundamental scientific research and discussion of the more controversial thermodynamic theories, to developments in thermal engineering that are in many instances examples of the way scientists and engineers are addressing the challenges facing a growing population – smart cities and global warming – maximising thermodynamic efficiencies and minimising all heat losses. It is intended that these will be of current relevance and interest to industry, academia and other practitioners. It is evident that many specialised journals in thermal and, to some extent, in fluid disciplines tend to focus on topics that can be classified as fundamental in nature, or are ‘applied’ and near-market. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress will bridge the gap between these two areas, allowing authors to make an easy choice, should they or a journal editor feel that their papers are ‘out of scope’ when considering other journals. The range of topics covered by Thermal Science and Engineering Progress addresses the rapid rate of development being made in thermal transfer processes as they affect traditional fields, and important growth in the topical research areas of aerospace, thermal biological and medical systems, electronics and nano-technologies, renewable energy systems, food production (including agriculture), and the need to minimise man-made thermal impacts on climate change. Review articles on appropriate topics for TSEP are encouraged, although until TSEP is fully established, these will be limited in number. Before submitting such articles, please contact one of the Editors, or a member of the Editorial Advisory Board with an outline of your proposal and your expertise in the area of your review.