Transmembrane Parkinson's Disease mutation of PINK1 leads to altered mitochondrial anchoring.

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease resulting from the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the midbrain. Familial and sporadic forms of the disease have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Pathology has been identified with mutations in the PARK6 gene encoding PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), a quality control protein in the mitochondria. Disease-associated mutations at the transmembrane region of PINK1 protein were predicted to disrupt the cleavage of the transmembrane region by the PARL protease at the inner mitochondrial membrane. Here, using microscopy, kinetic analysis and molecular dynamic simulations, we analyzed 3 PD associated TM mutations; PINK1-C92F, PINK1-R98W and PINK1-I111S, and found that mitochondrial localization and cleavage by the PARL protease were not significantly impaired. However, clearance of hydrolyzed PINK1-R98W appears to be compromised due to altered positioning of the protein in the outer mitochondrial membrane, preventing association with TOM complexes and slowing cleavage by PARL. This single amino acid change slows degradation of proteolyzed PINK1, increasing its accumulation at the outer mitochondrial membrane and resulting in increased mitophagy and decreased mitochondrial content among these cells.