Screening of Antagonistic Trichoderma Strains to Enhance Soybean Growth.

Abstract

This study investigates the isolation and screening of Trichoderma strains that exhibit antagonistic properties against soybean root-infecting Fusarium species, particularly F. oxysporum. From soybean rhizosphere soil, 37 antagonistic Trichoderma strains were identified using the plate confrontation method, demonstrating inhibitory effects ranging from 47.57% to 72.86% against F. oxysporum. Strain 235T4 exhibited the highest inhibition rate at 72.86%. Molecular identification confirmed that the strains belonged to eight species within the Trichoderma genus, with notable strains promoting soybean growth in greenhouse tests. In pot experiments, the application of Trichoderma significantly reduced the disease index of soybean plants inoculated with F. oxysporum, particularly with strain 223H16, which achieved an 83.78% control efficiency. Field applications further indicated enhanced soybean growth metrics, including increased pod numbers and plant height, when treated with specific Trichoderma strains. Additionally, Trichoderma application enriched the fungal diversity in the soybean rhizosphere, resulting in a significant reduction of Fusarium populations by approximately 50%. This study highlights the potential of Trichoderma species as biological control agents to enhance soybean health and productivity while improving soil fungal diversity.