Cryogenic mechanical properties and tribological behaviors of AISI stainless 316L steel cooled by liquid nitrogen

IF 1.8 3区 工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104058
Jimin Xu , Longgui He , Shuo Cheng , Xiaoliang Fang
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Abstract

The use of stainless steel instead of traditional aerospace-grade aluminum alloys and carbon fiber-reinforced polymers is promising to further reduce the launch cost of reusable rockets. In this study, the mechanical properties and tribological behaviors of AISI 316L stainless steel under cryogenic conditions were comprehensively investigated through experiments. Liquid nitrogen was employed to cool the samples and simulate the cryogenic fluid environment inside rockets for safety considerations. Tests of Rockwell hardness, tensile strength, dynamic toughness, falling-ball impact fatigue behaviors, and tribological behaviors under both room-temperature and cryogenic conditions were performed using commercial and self-developed devices. Compared with the test results at room temperature, 316L samples cooled by liquid nitrogen reveled higher hardness, greater tensile strength, enhanced impact fatigue resistance, and improved wear resistance. The improved performance of 316L under cryogenic conditions is beneficial for the application in liquid rocket. However, cryogenic dynamic toughness and impact fatigue tests demonstrates a reduction in the plasticity of 316L cooled by liquid nitrogen, which should be taken into consideration in engineering to avoid sudden failure.
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使用不锈钢代替传统的航空航天级铝合金和碳纤维增强聚合物有望进一步降低可重复使用火箭的发射成本。本研究通过实验全面研究了 AISI 316L 不锈钢在低温条件下的机械性能和摩擦学行为。出于安全考虑,采用液氮冷却样品并模拟火箭内部的低温流体环境。使用商业和自主开发的设备对常温和低温条件下的洛氏硬度、拉伸强度、动态韧性、落球冲击疲劳行为和摩擦学行为进行了测试。与室温下的测试结果相比,经液氮冷却的 316L 样品硬度更高、抗拉强度更大、抗冲击疲劳性能更强、耐磨性更好。低温条件下 316L 性能的提高有利于其在液体火箭中的应用。然而,低温动态韧性和冲击疲劳测试表明,液氮冷却的 316L 的塑性降低,在工程设计中应考虑到这一点,以避免突然失效。
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来源期刊
Cryogenics
Cryogenics 物理-热力学
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
9.50%
发文量
0
审稿时长
2.1 months
期刊介绍: Cryogenics is the world''s leading journal focusing on all aspects of cryoengineering and cryogenics. Papers published in Cryogenics cover a wide variety of subjects in low temperature engineering and research. Among the areas covered are: - Applications of superconductivity: magnets, electronics, devices - Superconductors and their properties - Properties of materials: metals, alloys, composites, polymers, insulations - New applications of cryogenic technology to processes, devices, machinery - Refrigeration and liquefaction technology - Thermodynamics - Fluid properties and fluid mechanics - Heat transfer - Thermometry and measurement science - Cryogenics in medicine - Cryoelectronics
期刊最新文献
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