Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis of fulvic acid relieves nitrate stress-induced damage in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) by regulating multiple defense pathways
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
In the current environment of agricultural production, abiotic stress caused by high nitrate is becoming more and more serious. Fulvic acid (FA), a plant growth regulator, acts a vital role in improving plant stress tolerance. However, specific impacts of FA on vegetables under nitrate stress have been less studied. This study focused on spinach as the research object, changes in growth physiology, gene expression, and metabolites of spinach under nitrate stress by 0.15% FA application were investigated by analyzing physiology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. The results indicated that FA could alleviate the adverse impacts of nitrate stress on spinach growth and chlorophyll synthesis, inhibit the accumulation of ROS in leaves caused by nitrate stress, the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative conductivity (REC). Omics analysis indicated that there were 5097 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 100 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in spinach leaves treated with nitrate stress and the control, 735 DEGs and 71 DEMs in spinach leaves treated with nitrate stress combined with FA and nitrate stress alone, which jointly participated in biological processes such as ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, plant hormone signaling, biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, phenylalanine, and flavonoids. Changes of leaves in AsA and GSH contents, related enzyme activities, and hormone levels such as ABA further verified that FA relieves nitrate stress-induced damage in spinach by adjusting the above biological processes, thereby improving nitrate tolerance.
期刊介绍：
The journal Plant Stress deals with plant (or other photoautotrophs, such as algae, cyanobacteria and lichens) responses to abiotic and biotic stress factors that can result in limited growth and productivity. Such responses can be analyzed and described at a physiological, biochemical and molecular level. Experimental approaches/technologies aiming to improve growth and productivity with a potential for downstream validation under stress conditions will also be considered. Both fundamental and applied research manuscripts are welcome, provided that clear mechanistic hypotheses are made and descriptive approaches are avoided. In addition, high-quality review articles will also be considered, provided they follow a critical approach and stimulate thought for future research avenues.
Plant Stress welcomes high-quality manuscripts related (but not limited) to interactions between plants and:
Lack of water (drought) and excess (flooding),
Salinity stress,
Elevated temperature and/or low temperature (chilling and freezing),
Hypoxia and/or anoxia,
Mineral nutrient excess and/or deficiency,
Heavy metals and/or metalloids,
Plant priming (chemical, biological, physiological, nanomaterial, biostimulant) approaches for improved stress protection,
Viral, phytoplasma, bacterial and fungal plant-pathogen interactions.
The journal welcomes basic and applied research articles, as well as review articles and short communications. All submitted manuscripts will be subject to a thorough peer-reviewing process.
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