{"title":"Separation and Recovery of Niobium Coating from 440C Tool Steel by High-Temperature Oxidation","authors":"Akanksha Gupta, Brajendra Mishra","doi":"10.1007/s11085-025-10332-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Niobium is a critical and strategic element used in major industries like aerospace, defense, and electronics. In addition to primary extraction, it is necessary to recover niobium from secondary sources to meet its growing demand. In the present study, niobium coating recovery from type 440C tool steel substrate was studied using high-temperature oxidation process. The oxidation behavior of the bimetallic composite was evaluated in air atmosphere at 450–600 °C. The post-oxidation steel substrate’s resistance to oxidation was assessed by investigating elemental maps, phases formed, and hardness tensile profiles. The post-oxidized characteristics of steel was investigated in order to assess its performance for extension of service life for intended application. In addition, the oxidation mechanism of metallic niobium and type 440C tool steel was also investigated separately using thermogravimetric analysis. The results demonstrated the viability of a high-temperature oxidation technique for recovery of niobium as niobium pentoxide, which is a value-added material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"102 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Oxidation of Metals","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11085-025-10332-8","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Niobium is a critical and strategic element used in major industries like aerospace, defense, and electronics. In addition to primary extraction, it is necessary to recover niobium from secondary sources to meet its growing demand. In the present study, niobium coating recovery from type 440C tool steel substrate was studied using high-temperature oxidation process. The oxidation behavior of the bimetallic composite was evaluated in air atmosphere at 450–600 °C. The post-oxidation steel substrate’s resistance to oxidation was assessed by investigating elemental maps, phases formed, and hardness tensile profiles. The post-oxidized characteristics of steel was investigated in order to assess its performance for extension of service life for intended application. In addition, the oxidation mechanism of metallic niobium and type 440C tool steel was also investigated separately using thermogravimetric analysis. The results demonstrated the viability of a high-temperature oxidation technique for recovery of niobium as niobium pentoxide, which is a value-added material.
期刊介绍：
Oxidation of Metals is the premier source for the rapid dissemination of current research on all aspects of the science of gas-solid reactions at temperatures greater than about 400˚C, with primary focus on the high-temperature corrosion of bulk and coated systems. This authoritative bi-monthly publishes original scientific papers on kinetics, mechanisms, studies of scales from structural and morphological viewpoints, transport properties in scales, phase-boundary reactions, and much more. Articles may discuss both theoretical and experimental work related to gas-solid reactions at the surface or near-surface of a material exposed to elevated temperatures, including reactions with oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, carbon and halogens. In addition, Oxidation of Metals publishes the results of frontier research concerned with deposit-induced attack. Review papers and short technical notes are encouraged.
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