Anxiety, insomnia, and depression during COVID-19 lockdown in elite individual and team sport athletes.

IF 17.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI:10.1186/s41155-022-00233-z

Jose I Salles, Carolina Silva, Aline Wolff, Ludmilla Orwert, Pedro Ribeiro, Bruna Velasques, Dylan Morrissey

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Abstract

Purpose: Pandemic-induced lockdowns disrupted sport training and competition. We aimed to identify the impact on the mental health of high-level athletes and clarify whether the effects differ for team-based and individual athletes.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey, stratified by sex and sport type, collected demographic data and mental health measurements from 274 Brazilian high-performance athletes (142 from team sports and 132 from individual sports) involved with the Brazilian Olympic Committee program for the Tokyo Olympics 2021. Depression, disturbed sleep, and anxiety were assessed by the 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire, 7-Item Insomnia Severity Index, and 7-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale respectively. Responses were analyzed dichotomously according to published threshold values, characterizing the relative frequency distribution of prevalence (PCRS) or non-prevalence of clinically relevant symptoms (NPCRS).

Results: Out of all participants, 47 [17.1%], Z(274) = 15.38, p = .001, 32 [11.7%], Z(274) = 17.94, p = .001, and 49 [17.9%], Z(274) = 15.04, p = .001 had PCRS of anxiety, insomnia, and depression, respectively. There were no significant differences in the PCRS among genders. Compared with individual sport athletes, team sport athletes were more likely to report PCRS of insomnia (12 [37.5%] vs 20 [62.5%], Z(274) = -2.00, p = .046), and depression (18 [36.7%] vs 31 [63.3%], Z(274) = -2.63, p = .009) but not for anxiety.

Conclusion: Athletes reported high levels of mental health problems during the lockdown. Team sport athletes reported worse symptoms of insomnia and depression than individual sport athletes, possibly due to the impact of unaccustomed social isolation and lack of social team activity. Therefore, it becomes relevant to consider psychological support to team sport athletes who for some reason, such as a pandemic, enduring crisis even injury rehabilitation needs to be isolated.

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精英个人和团队运动运动员在 COVID-19 封闭期间的焦虑、失眠和抑郁。

目的：大流行病引发的封锁扰乱了体育训练和比赛。我们旨在确定大流行病对高水平运动员心理健康的影响，并弄清这种影响对团队运动员和个人运动员是否有所不同：这项横断面调查按性别和运动类型分层，收集了 274 名参与巴西奥委会 2021 年东京奥运会项目的巴西高水平运动员（团队项目 142 人，个人项目 132 人）的人口统计学数据和心理健康测量数据。抑郁、睡眠不安和焦虑分别通过 9 项患者健康问卷、7 项失眠严重程度指数和 7 项广泛性焦虑症量表进行评估。根据已公布的阈值对回答进行二分分析，表征临床相关症状的流行率（PCRS）或非流行率（NPCRS）的相对频率分布：在所有参与者中，47 人[17.1%]（Z(274) = 15.38，p = .001）、32 人[11.7%]（Z(274) = 17.94，p = .001）和 49 人[17.9%]（Z(274) = 15.04，p = .001）的 PCRS 分别为焦虑、失眠和抑郁。不同性别之间的 PCRS 没有明显差异。与个人运动项目运动员相比，团体运动项目运动员更有可能报告失眠（12 [37.5%] vs 20 [62.5%]，Z(274) = -2.00，p = .046）和抑郁（18 [36.7%] vs 31 [63.3%]，Z(274) = -2.63，p = .009）的 PCRS，但焦虑则没有：结论：在封锁期间，运动员报告的心理健康问题较多。团队运动运动员的失眠和抑郁症状比个人运动运动员更严重，这可能是由于不习惯的社会隔离和缺乏社会团队活动造成的。因此，考虑为因某种原因（如大流行病、持久危机甚至伤病康复）而需要隔离的团队运动运动员提供心理支持就变得非常重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.