Immunophenotyping of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Qazvin City, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Majid Vafaie, Mohammad Derhami, Hamid Sadeghi, Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei
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Abstract

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent childhood cancer. ALL is a heterogeneous type of malignancy and treatment protocols vary based on the immunological classification of ALL. The critical step for treating ALL is to identify immunological subgroups by flow cytometry findings. Objective: In this study, immunophenotypic information was evaluated for the first time in children with ALL in Qazvin City, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study reviewed the clinical and laboratory data of children with ALL during 2019-2020. Next, children with ALL were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry applying a panel of the specific monoclonal antibodies for some clusters of differentiation (CD) molecules, including CD20, CD21, CD10, CD34, CD38, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). The data were separately analyzed using SPSS software, version 24. Findings: Of 52 children with ALL in the age range of 6 months to 15 years, 23 children (44.23%) had B-ALL-ProB (pro-B) cell immunotyping features, 26 (50%) had B-ALL-PreB (pre-B) cell immunotyping features, and 3 (5.7%) had T-cell immunotyping features. The ages of T-cell group children were higher than those of B-cell group children. The most common clinical and laboratory findings were fever (26 cases, 55.31%). In 55% of children, periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining was positive. The presence of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) enzyme was higher in B-cell patients than in T-cell cases. Children with CD34+ were higher in the pro-B group than in the pre-B group. Conclusion: our study shows that the immunophenotypic characteristics of children with ALL are more similar to previous reports and can be used for monitoring and prognosis of children with ALL in Qazvin City.
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伊朗Qazvin市儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病的免疫分型:一项横断面研究
背景:急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)是最常见的儿童癌症。ALL是一种异质性恶性肿瘤,治疗方案因ALL的免疫学分类而异。治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病的关键一步是通过流式细胞术的发现来确定免疫亚群。目的:在这项研究中,首次评估伊朗Qazvin市ALL儿童的免疫表型信息。方法:本横断面研究回顾了2019-2020年ALL患儿的临床和实验室资料。接下来,用流式细胞术对ALL患儿进行免疫分型,使用一组针对某些分化(CD)分子簇的特异性单克隆抗体,包括CD20、CD21、CD10、CD34、CD38和末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶(TdT)。数据分别用SPSS软件24版进行分析。结果:52例6个月~ 15岁ALL患儿中,23例(44.23%)患儿具有B-ALL-ProB(前b)细胞免疫分型特征,26例(50%)患儿具有B-ALL-PreB(前b)细胞免疫分型特征,3例(5.7%)患儿具有t细胞免疫分型特征。t细胞组患儿年龄明显高于b细胞组患儿。最常见的临床和实验室表现为发热(26例,占55.31%)。55%的儿童周期性酸希夫(PAS)染色呈阳性。末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶(TdT)酶在b细胞患者中的存在高于t细胞患者。CD34+患儿在前b组高于前b组。结论:我们的研究表明,ALL患儿的免疫表型特征与以往报道更为相似,可用于Qazvin市ALL患儿的监测和预后。
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