Efektivitas Larvasida Infusa Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) terhadap Mortalitas Larva Ae. aegypti

Abstract

ABSTRACT Cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) have increased more than 8 times in the last two decades (2000-2019). DHF caused by the dengue virus which transmitted through the Aedes aegypti mosquito vector. Control is a step to prevent transmission by breaking the vector life cycle, it can be with temephos. However, its use can have side effects for the environment, health and resistance to larvae. Natural larvicides are an alternative and environmentally friendly step. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the larvicide infusion of soursop leaf (Annona muricata L.) on the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. The type and research design was true experiment with a posttest only control group approach. Extraction of substances in plants used the infusion method. The research samples were 25 larvae instar III Aedes aegypti per container with criteria for being able to move actively. There were 8 treatment groups in the study consisting of negative control (well water), positive control (temephos) and soursop leaf infusion with 6 concentrations (1%; 2%; 3%; 4%; 5%; 6%). Observation time was carried out for 24 hours and three times replicates. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and probit analysis. The results of the analysis showed the value of LC50 was 2.611% and LC90 was 4.309%. While LT50 8.467 hours and LT90 14.263 hours. The conclusion of the study showed that soursop leaf infusion (Annona muricata L.) was effective in killed Aedes aegypti larvae. ABSTRAK  Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) meningkat lebih dari 8 kali dalam dua dekade terakhir (2000-2019). DBD disebakan oleh virus dengue yang ditularkan melalui vektor nyamuk Aedes aegypri. Pengendalian menjadi langkah untuk mencegah terjadinya penularan dengan memutus siklus hidup vektor, dapat dengan temephos. Namun penggunaannya dapat memberikan efek samping baik bagi lingkungan, kesehatan dan resistensi pada larva. Larvasida alami menjadi langkah alternatif dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas larvasida infusa daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) terhadap mortalitas larva Aedes aegypti. Jenis dan rancangan penelitian berupa eksperimen murni pendekatan posttest only control group. Pengambilan zat dalam tanaman menggunakan metode infusa. Sampel penelitian adalah larva instar III Aedes aegypti sebanyak 25 ekor per kontainer dengan kriteria dapat bergerak aktif. Terdapat 8 kelompok perlakuan dalam penelitian yang terdiri 2dari kontrol negatif (air sumur), kontrol positif (temephos) dan infusa daun sirsak dengan 6 konsentrasi (1%; 2%; 3%; 4%; 5%; 6%). Waktu pengamatan selama 24 jam sebanyak tiga kali replikasi. Data dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney dan uji probit. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai dari LC50 adalah 2.611% dan LC90 adalah 4.309%. Sedangkan LT50 8.467 jam dan LT90 14.263 jam. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa infusa daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) efektif membunuh larva Aedes aegypti.