{"title":"学工结合学生行为自律的特点","authors":"Iryna Kocherhina, Khrystyna Stelmashchuk","doi":"10.31392/npu-nc.series12.2022.19(64).04","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The aim is to present the study results of features of individual behaviour self-regulation among the students who combine study and work. Methods. Theoretical – analysis, comparison, systematization and generalization of scientific literature on the problem researched; empirical – surveys and psychodiagnostic methods, such sociodemographic characteristics as gender, age, education, year and form of study at the university, employment, marital status, presence of children, sibling position, income level, etc. were also taken into account. Results. It has been established that there are some divergences in the level of self-regulation among both employed and unemployed students, manifested, in particular, in such indicators as flexibility of behavior and activity as well as decision-making ability. Employed students have a better-manifested striving for planning their own activity, tend to be more independent, flexible, and organized in their academic and labor activity. They are characterized by a higher level of self-acceptance and goal-setting capacity. It has been established that with growing self-regulation, students’ satisfaction with their life and relations with other people goes up, efficiency of planning and organization of own activity and flexibility in behavior improves. Conclusions. Self-regulation is a specific form of human interaction with the surrounding world, a means of consciously setting tasks, mobilizing mental and physical potentials to achieve defined goals. The self-regulation indicator of students’ behavior measured in the work involves studying the processes of planning, modeling, programming one's behavior and activities, evaluating its results, as well as its flexibility and independence, which, in turn, can lead to more effective activities and the ability to solve various kinds of problems tasks that arise in everyday activities, increasing its success. Undoubtedly, self-regulation is an important element in the process of setting and achieving goals, contributes to achieving success in all types of activities in the course of a person’s life. Self-regulatory skills are important in building relationships and solving life tasks, they are especially important in educational activities.\nReferences\n\nBalashov, E.M. (2017). Psykholohichni osoblyvosti ta mekhanizmy samorehuliatsii v navchalnii diialnosti studentiv [Psychological features and mechanisms of self-regulation in the educational activities of students]. Naukovi zapysky Natsionalnoho universytetu «Ostrozka akademiia». Serija: Psichologija – Scientific Notes of The National University of Ostroh Academy.Series: Psychology, 5, 5–13 [in Ukrainian].\nFomenko,I., & Kuznetsov,O.I. (2014). Motyvatsiini osoblyvosti akademichnoi samorehuliatsii studentiv [Motivational features of the students' academic self-regulation]. The Collection of research papers «Problems of Modern Psychology», 25, 582–596. https://doi.org/10.32626/2227-6246.2014-25.%25p [in Ukrainian].\nFurs, O.Y. (2019). Profesiina psykhichna samorehuliatsiia maibutnikh fakhivtsiv ekstremalnykh vydiv diialnosti MO Ukrainy v protsesi yikh spetsialnoi psykholohichnoi pidhotovky [Professional mental self-regulation of future specialists of extreme types of activities of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine in the process of their special psychological training]. Visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu oborony Ukrainy– Bulletin of the National Defense University of Ukraine, 2(52), 135‒145. https://doi.org/10.33099/2617-6858-2019-52-2-135-145 [in Ukrainian].\nHryntsiv, M.V. (2014). Samorehuliatsiia maibutnoho fakhivtsia yak komponent profesiinoi pidhotovky [Self-regulation of the future specialist as a component of professional training].Science and Education a New  Pedagogy and Psychology, II(17), 107‒110 [in Ukrainian].\nKyrychenko, T.V. (2017). Psykholohichnyi zmist samorehuliatsii osobystosti. [Psychological content of personality self-regulation]. Naukovyi visnyk Khersonskoho derzhavnoho universytetu. Seriia: Psykholohichni nauky – Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series: Psychological Sciences, 3(1), 82‒87. Retrieved from http://ephsheir.phdpu.edu.ua:8081/xmlui/handle/8989898989/2519[in Ukrainian].\nMorosanova,  V.Y.  (2021). Osoznannaya samoregulyatsiya kak metaresurs dostizheniya tseley i razresheniya problem zhiznedeyatelnosti [Conscious self-regulation as a metaresource for achieving goals and solving the problems of human activity]. Vestnyk Moskovskoho unyversyteta – Bulletin of Moscow University, 1, 4‒37 [in Russian].\nNeshcheret, V.K. (2017). Samorehuliatsiia yak systemno orhanizovanyi prohres vnutrishnoi psykhichnoi aktyvnosti studentiv [Self-regulation as a systematically organized progress of internal mental activity of students]. Naukovyi zhurnal «Molodyi vchenyi» – Scientific journal “Young Scientist”, 4(44), 405‒408 [in Ukrainian].\nPartyko, T. (2012). Samorehuliatsiia navchalnoi diialnosti u studentiv z riznoiu skhylnistiu do samoaktualizatsii[Self-regulation of educational activity in students with different tendencies to self-actualization]. Ukrainskyi naukovyi zhurnal «Osvita rehionu: politolohiia, psykholohiia, komunikatsii» – Ukrainian scientific journal “Education of the region: political science, psychology, communications”, 3, 221‒225.\nTeteruk, S.P. (2006). Formuvannia mekhanizmiv samorehuliatsii studentiv v inshomovnomu prostori [Formation of self-regulation mechanisms of students in a foreign language space]. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis. Retrieved from http://enpuir.npu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/1847[in Ukrainian].\nVіrna, Zh.P. (2003). Motivacіjno-smislova reguljacіja u profesіonalіzacії psihologa [Motivational and semantic regulation in the professionalization of a psychologist]. Lutsk : RVV Vezha Volyn. derzh. un-tu im. Lesi Ukrainky [in Ukrainian].\nBalashov, E., Pasichnyk, I., Kalamazh, R., & Plyska, Y. (2020). Psychological Peculiarities of Self-Regulated Learning of the First-Year and Graduate Students. Self-Regulated Learning, Cognition and Metacognition. New York : Nova Science Publishers, 81–94.\nEggers, J.H., Oostdam, R., & Voogt, J. (2021). Self-regulation strategies in blended learning environments in higher education: A systematic review. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 3(6),175–192. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.6453\nFaye C. Huie, Adam Winsler, & Anastasia Kitsantas (2014) Employment and first-year college achievement: the role of self-regulation and motivation. Journal of Education and Work,27(1), 110–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2012.718746\nNeyt, B., Omey, E., Verhaest, D., & Baert, S. (2019). Does student work really affect educational outcomes? A review of the literature. Journal of Economic Surveys, 33(3), 896‒921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joes.12301\nNicklin, J.M., Meachon, E.J., & McNall, L.A. (2019). Balancing work, school, and personal life among graduate students: A positive psychology approach. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 14(5), 1265‒1286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-018-9650-z\nPerry Klein, Ashley Bildfell, Jill D. Dombroski, Christine Giese, Kristen Wing-Yan Sha,& Serena C. Thompson (2022). Self-Regulation in Early Writing Strategy Instruction, Reading & Writing Quarterly, 38(2), 101‒125. https://doi.org/10.1080/10573569.2021.1919577\nSchunk, D.H., & Ertmer, P.A. (2000). Self-regulation and academic learning: Self-efficacy enhancing interventions. Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 631‒1649). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012109890-2/50030-5\nSteinberg, L., & Dornbusch, S.M. (1991). Negative correlates of part-time employment during adolescence: replication and elaboration. Developmental Psychology, 27(2), 304–313. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.27.2.304\nTeslenko, M.M., Judina, N.O. (2018). Psychological features of self-regulation of educational and professiona activity of students. Psychology and personality, 1, 118–127.\n","PeriodicalId":282611,"journal":{"name":"Науковий часопис НПУ імені М. П. Драгоманова. Серія 12. Психологічні науки","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"PECULIARITIES OF BEHAVIOUR SELF-REGULATION IN STUDENTS WHO COMBINE STUDY AND WORK\",\"authors\":\"Iryna Kocherhina, Khrystyna Stelmashchuk\",\"doi\":\"10.31392/npu-nc.series12.2022.19(64).04\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The aim is to present the study results of features of individual behaviour self-regulation among the students who combine study and work. Methods. Theoretical – analysis, comparison, systematization and generalization of scientific literature on the problem researched; empirical – surveys and psychodiagnostic methods, such sociodemographic characteristics as gender, age, education, year and form of study at the university, employment, marital status, presence of children, sibling position, income level, etc. were also taken into account. Results. It has been established that there are some divergences in the level of self-regulation among both employed and unemployed students, manifested, in particular, in such indicators as flexibility of behavior and activity as well as decision-making ability. Employed students have a better-manifested striving for planning their own activity, tend to be more independent, flexible, and organized in their academic and labor activity. They are characterized by a higher level of self-acceptance and goal-setting capacity. It has been established that with growing self-regulation, students’ satisfaction with their life and relations with other people goes up, efficiency of planning and organization of own activity and flexibility in behavior improves. Conclusions. Self-regulation is a specific form of human interaction with the surrounding world, a means of consciously setting tasks, mobilizing mental and physical potentials to achieve defined goals. The self-regulation indicator of students’ behavior measured in the work involves studying the processes of planning, modeling, programming one's behavior and activities, evaluating its results, as well as its flexibility and independence, which, in turn, can lead to more effective activities and the ability to solve various kinds of problems tasks that arise in everyday activities, increasing its success. Undoubtedly, self-regulation is an important element in the process of setting and achieving goals, contributes to achieving success in all types of activities in the course of a person’s life. Self-regulatory skills are important in building relationships and solving life tasks, they are especially important in educational activities.\\nReferences\\n\\nBalashov, E.M. (2017). Psykholohichni osoblyvosti ta mekhanizmy samorehuliatsii v navchalnii diialnosti studentiv [Psychological features and mechanisms of self-regulation in the educational activities of students]. Naukovi zapysky Natsionalnoho universytetu «Ostrozka akademiia». Serija: Psichologija – Scientific Notes of The National University of Ostroh Academy.Series: Psychology, 5, 5–13 [in Ukrainian].\\nFomenko,I., & Kuznetsov,O.I. (2014). Motyvatsiini osoblyvosti akademichnoi samorehuliatsii studentiv [Motivational features of the students' academic self-regulation]. The Collection of research papers «Problems of Modern Psychology», 25, 582–596. https://doi.org/10.32626/2227-6246.2014-25.%25p [in Ukrainian].\\nFurs, O.Y. (2019). Profesiina psykhichna samorehuliatsiia maibutnikh fakhivtsiv ekstremalnykh vydiv diialnosti MO Ukrainy v protsesi yikh spetsialnoi psykholohichnoi pidhotovky [Professional mental self-regulation of future specialists of extreme types of activities of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine in the process of their special psychological training]. Visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu oborony Ukrainy– Bulletin of the National Defense University of Ukraine, 2(52), 135‒145. https://doi.org/10.33099/2617-6858-2019-52-2-135-145 [in Ukrainian].\\nHryntsiv, M.V. (2014). Samorehuliatsiia maibutnoho fakhivtsia yak komponent profesiinoi pidhotovky [Self-regulation of the future specialist as a component of professional training].Science and Education a New  Pedagogy and Psychology, II(17), 107‒110 [in Ukrainian].\\nKyrychenko, T.V. (2017). Psykholohichnyi zmist samorehuliatsii osobystosti. [Psychological content of personality self-regulation]. Naukovyi visnyk Khersonskoho derzhavnoho universytetu. Seriia: Psykholohichni nauky – Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series: Psychological Sciences, 3(1), 82‒87. Retrieved from http://ephsheir.phdpu.edu.ua:8081/xmlui/handle/8989898989/2519[in Ukrainian].\\nMorosanova,  V.Y.  (2021). Osoznannaya samoregulyatsiya kak metaresurs dostizheniya tseley i razresheniya problem zhiznedeyatelnosti [Conscious self-regulation as a metaresource for achieving goals and solving the problems of human activity]. Vestnyk Moskovskoho unyversyteta – Bulletin of Moscow University, 1, 4‒37 [in Russian].\\nNeshcheret, V.K. (2017). Samorehuliatsiia yak systemno orhanizovanyi prohres vnutrishnoi psykhichnoi aktyvnosti studentiv [Self-regulation as a systematically organized progress of internal mental activity of students]. Naukovyi zhurnal «Molodyi vchenyi» – Scientific journal “Young Scientist”, 4(44), 405‒408 [in Ukrainian].\\nPartyko, T. (2012). Samorehuliatsiia navchalnoi diialnosti u studentiv z riznoiu skhylnistiu do samoaktualizatsii[Self-regulation of educational activity in students with different tendencies to self-actualization]. Ukrainskyi naukovyi zhurnal «Osvita rehionu: politolohiia, psykholohiia, komunikatsii» – Ukrainian scientific journal “Education of the region: political science, psychology, communications”, 3, 221‒225.\\nTeteruk, S.P. (2006). Formuvannia mekhanizmiv samorehuliatsii studentiv v inshomovnomu prostori [Formation of self-regulation mechanisms of students in a foreign language space]. Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis. Retrieved from http://enpuir.npu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/1847[in Ukrainian].\\nVіrna, Zh.P. (2003). Motivacіjno-smislova reguljacіja u profesіonalіzacії psihologa [Motivational and semantic regulation in the professionalization of a psychologist]. Lutsk : RVV Vezha Volyn. derzh. un-tu im. Lesi Ukrainky [in Ukrainian].\\nBalashov, E., Pasichnyk, I., Kalamazh, R., & Plyska, Y. (2020). Psychological Peculiarities of Self-Regulated Learning of the First-Year and Graduate Students. Self-Regulated Learning, Cognition and Metacognition. New York : Nova Science Publishers, 81–94.\\nEggers, J.H., Oostdam, R., & Voogt, J. (2021). Self-regulation strategies in blended learning environments in higher education: A systematic review. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 3(6),175–192. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.6453\\nFaye C. Huie, Adam Winsler, & Anastasia Kitsantas (2014) Employment and first-year college achievement: the role of self-regulation and motivation. Journal of Education and Work,27(1), 110–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2012.718746\\nNeyt, B., Omey, E., Verhaest, D., & Baert, S. (2019). Does student work really affect educational outcomes? A review of the literature. Journal of Economic Surveys, 33(3), 896‒921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joes.12301\\nNicklin, J.M., Meachon, E.J., & McNall, L.A. (2019). Balancing work, school, and personal life among graduate students: A positive psychology approach. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 14(5), 1265‒1286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-018-9650-z\\nPerry Klein, Ashley Bildfell, Jill D. Dombroski, Christine Giese, Kristen Wing-Yan Sha,& Serena C. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的是介绍学工结合学生个体行为自我调节特征的研究结果。方法。对所研究问题的科学文献进行理论分析、比较、整理和归纳;还考虑到经验调查和心理诊断方法,诸如性别、年龄、教育程度、在大学学习的年份和形式、就业、婚姻状况、是否有子女、兄弟姐妹地位、收入水平等社会人口特征。结果。研究发现,就业学生和失业学生的自我调节水平存在一定差异,特别是在行为和活动的灵活性以及决策能力等指标上。有工作的学生在策划自己的活动方面表现得更加突出,在学术活动和劳动活动中表现得更加独立、灵活、有组织。他们的特点是有更高水平的自我接纳和目标设定能力。研究表明,随着自我调节能力的增强,学生对生活和与他人关系的满意度会提高,对自己活动的计划和组织效率也会提高,行为的灵活性也会提高。结论。自我调节是人类与周围世界互动的一种特殊形式,是有意识地设定任务、调动身心潜能以实现既定目标的一种手段。作业中测量的学生行为的自我调节指标,包括研究一个人的行为和活动的计划、建模、编程的过程,评估其结果,以及其灵活性和独立性,从而导致更有效的活动和解决日常活动中出现的各种问题任务的能力,增加其成功。毫无疑问,自我调节是设定和实现目标过程中的一个重要因素,有助于在一个人的一生中所有类型的活动中取得成功。自我调节技能在建立人际关系和解决生活任务中很重要,在教育活动中尤为重要。参考文献balashov, E.M.(2017)。学生在教育活动中自我调节的心理特征与机制。Naukovi zapysky国立大学«Ostrozka akademiia»。《心理学札记》-国立奥斯特罗学院大学科学笔记。系列:心理学,5,5 - 13[乌克兰文]。库兹涅佐夫,O.I.(2014)。Motyvatsiini osoblyvosti akademichni samorehuliatsii studentiv[学生学术自律的动机特征]。《现代心理学问题》论文集,25,582-596。https://doi.org/10.32626/2227-6246.2014-25.%25p[乌克兰语]。皮草,O.Y.(2019)。乌克兰国防部未来极端类型活动专家在特殊心理训练过程中的职业心理自我调节。乌克兰国立国防大学-乌克兰国防大学公报,2(52),135-145。https://doi.org/10.33099/2617-6858-2019-52-2-135-145[乌克兰语]。Hryntsiv, M.V.(2014)。Samorehuliatsiia maibutnoho fakhivtsia yak component professioni pidhotovky[作为专业培训组成部分的未来专家的自我调节]。科学与教育:新教育学和心理学,II(17), 107-110[乌克兰文]。Kyrychenko, T.V.(2017)。心理学家认为这是一种精神幻觉。人格自我调节的心理内容。诺科夫伊visnyk Khersonskoho derzhavnoho大学。分辑:心理学研究-赫尔森州立大学科学公报。丛刊:心理科学,3(1),82-87。检索自http://ephsheir.phdpu.edu.ua:8081/xmlui/handle/8989898989/2519[乌克兰语]。Morosanova, V.Y.(2021)。有意识的自我调节是实现人类活动目标和解决人类活动问题的元资源。莫斯科大学学报,1,4-37[俄文]。Neshcheret, V.K.(2017)。Samorehuliatsiia yak systemno orhanizovanyi prohres vnutrishnoi psykhichnoi aktyvnosti studentiv[自我调节作为学生内部心理活动的系统组织过程]。Naukovyi期刊«Molodyi vchenyi»-科学期刊“青年科学家”,4(44),405-408[乌克兰文]。帕特科,T.(2012)。 不同自我实现倾向学生对教育活动的自我调节Ukrainskyi naukovyi期刊«Osvita rehionu:政治,心理,共产主义»-乌克兰科学期刊“该地区的教育:政治学,心理学,传播学”,3,221 - 225。Teteruk, S.P.(2006)。Formuvannia mekhanizmiv samorehuliatsii studentiv inshomovnomu prostori[学生在外语空间中自我调节机制的形成]。候选人论文的扩展摘要。检索自http://enpuir.npu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/1847[乌克兰语]。Vіrna, Zh.P。(2003)。心理学家专业化中的动机与语义调节[j]。卢茨克:RVV Vezha Volyn。derzh。un-tu im。Lesi Ukrainky[乌克兰语]Balashov, E., Pasichnyk, I., Kalamazh, R., & Plyska, Y.(2020)。大一及研究生自主学习的心理特点。自我调节学习、认知与元认知。纽约:新星科学出版社,81-94。Eggers, j.h., Oostdam, R.和Voogt, J.(2021)。高等教育混合式学习环境中的自我调节策略:系统回顾。教育技术学报,3(6),175-192。https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.6453Faye C. Huie, Adam Winsler, & Anastasia Kitsantas(2014)就业与大学一年级成绩:自我调节和动机的作用。教育与工作,27(1),110-135。https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2012.718746Neyt, B., Omey, E., Verhaest, D., & Baert, S.(2019)。学生作业真的会影响教育成果吗?文献综述。经济研究,33(3),896-921。http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joes.12301Nicklin, j.m., Meachon, e.j., & McNall, L.A.(2019)。研究生平衡工作、学习和个人生活:积极心理学方法。生活质量的应用研究,14(5),1265-1286。https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-018-9650-zPerry Klein、Ashley Bildfell、Jill D. Dombroski、Christine Giese、Kristen Wing-Yan Sha和Serena C. Thompson(2022)。早期写作策略教学中的自我调节,《阅读与写作》,38(2),101-125。https://doi.org/10.1080/10573569.2021.1919577Schunk, d.h., & Ertmer, P.A.(2000)。自我调节与学术学习:自我效能增强干预。自律手册(第631-1649页)。学术出版社。https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012109890-2/50030-5Steinberg, L., & Dornbusch, S.M.(1991)。青少年时期兼职工作的负相关:复制和细化。发展心理学,27(2),304-313。https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.27.2.304Teslenko, m.m.j udina, N.O.(2018)。学生教育专业活动自我调节的心理特征。心理学与人格,1,118-127。
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PECULIARITIES OF BEHAVIOUR SELF-REGULATION IN STUDENTS WHO COMBINE STUDY AND WORK
The aim is to present the study results of features of individual behaviour self-regulation among the students who combine study and work. Methods. Theoretical – analysis, comparison, systematization and generalization of scientific literature on the problem researched; empirical – surveys and psychodiagnostic methods, such sociodemographic characteristics as gender, age, education, year and form of study at the university, employment, marital status, presence of children, sibling position, income level, etc. were also taken into account. Results. It has been established that there are some divergences in the level of self-regulation among both employed and unemployed students, manifested, in particular, in such indicators as flexibility of behavior and activity as well as decision-making ability. Employed students have a better-manifested striving for planning their own activity, tend to be more independent, flexible, and organized in their academic and labor activity. They are characterized by a higher level of self-acceptance and goal-setting capacity. It has been established that with growing self-regulation, students’ satisfaction with their life and relations with other people goes up, efficiency of planning and organization of own activity and flexibility in behavior improves. Conclusions. Self-regulation is a specific form of human interaction with the surrounding world, a means of consciously setting tasks, mobilizing mental and physical potentials to achieve defined goals. The self-regulation indicator of students’ behavior measured in the work involves studying the processes of planning, modeling, programming one's behavior and activities, evaluating its results, as well as its flexibility and independence, which, in turn, can lead to more effective activities and the ability to solve various kinds of problems tasks that arise in everyday activities, increasing its success. Undoubtedly, self-regulation is an important element in the process of setting and achieving goals, contributes to achieving success in all types of activities in the course of a person’s life. Self-regulatory skills are important in building relationships and solving life tasks, they are especially important in educational activities. References Balashov, E.M. (2017). Psykholohichni osoblyvosti ta mekhanizmy samorehuliatsii v navchalnii diialnosti studentiv [Psychological features and mechanisms of self-regulation in the educational activities of students]. Naukovi zapysky Natsionalnoho universytetu «Ostrozka akademiia». Serija: Psichologija – Scientific Notes of The National University of Ostroh Academy.Series: Psychology, 5, 5–13 [in Ukrainian]. Fomenko,I., & Kuznetsov,O.I. (2014). 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Huie, Adam Winsler, & Anastasia Kitsantas (2014) Employment and first-year college achievement: the role of self-regulation and motivation. Journal of Education and Work,27(1), 110–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2012.718746 Neyt, B., Omey, E., Verhaest, D., & Baert, S. (2019). Does student work really affect educational outcomes? A review of the literature. Journal of Economic Surveys, 33(3), 896‒921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joes.12301 Nicklin, J.M., Meachon, E.J., & McNall, L.A. (2019). Balancing work, school, and personal life among graduate students: A positive psychology approach. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 14(5), 1265‒1286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-018-9650-z Perry Klein, Ashley Bildfell, Jill D. Dombroski, Christine Giese, Kristen Wing-Yan Sha,& Serena C. Thompson (2022). Self-Regulation in Early Writing Strategy Instruction, Reading & Writing Quarterly, 38(2), 101‒125. https://doi.org/10.1080/10573569.2021.1919577 Schunk, D.H., & Ertmer, P.A. (2000). 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