Low power 3D-integrated Solid-State Drive (SSD) with adaptive voltage generator

A 3D-integrated Solid-State Drive (SSD with an adaptive program-voltage generator is introduced. The proposed boost converter is composed of a spiral inductor, a high-voltage MOS circuit, and an adaptive-frequency and duty-cycle (AFD) controller. The 5 × 5mm2 spiral inductor is implemented in an interposer. The high-voltage MOS circuit is fabricated with a matured NAND flash process. The AFD controller is manufactured with a conventional 0.18um low-voltage CMOS process. The AFD controller dynamically optimizes clock frequencies and duty cycles at different values, depending on the output voltage. As a result, the power consumption, rising time, and circuit area of the program-voltage generator decreases by 88%, 73%, and 85%, respectively. The total power consumption of the NAND flash memory decreases by 68%.