Structuring Element-counting Approach for Morphological Pattern Spectrum-based Image Manipulation Detection

The use of digital images has become quite widespread in legal, medical, and private contexts. However, anyone can easily edit or manipulate any digital image on a computer. Thus, an effective method for detecting digital image manipulation is required for retaining authenticity. Image-manipulation detection is applied in investigations of crimes and photographic evidence. In this paper, we describe a technique for detecting a manipulated image by morphological pattern spectrum. Before we have researched morphological pattern spectrum detected manipulation. We propose the new technique which counts a number of the same scale as the structuring element scale by morphological pattern spectrum in an image. So it can judge a manipulated image in detail because the new technique can detect the number of a manipulated scale. Thus, even if the previous technique judge a large different in the pattern spectrum between the original image and the manipulated image, the new technique can judge to be actually small manipulation.