18.1 A 2.71nJ/pixel 3D-stacked gaze-activated object-recognition system for low-power mobile HMD applications

Smart eyeglasses or head-mounted displays (HMDs) have been gaining traction as next-generation mainstream wearable devices. However, previous HMD systems [1] have had limited application, primarily due to their lacking a smart user interface (Ul) and user experience (UX). Since HMD systems have a small compact wearable platform, their Ul requires new modalities, rather than a computer mouse or a 2D touch panel. Recent speech-recognition-based Uls require voice input to reveal the user's intention to not only HMD users but also others, which raises privacy concerns in a public space. In addition, prior works [2-3] attempted to support object recognition (OR) or augmented reality (AR) in smart eyeglasses, but consumed considerable power, >381mW, resulting in <;6 hours operation time with a 2100mWh battery.