Multi-objective Parameter Optimization of Four-Stroke Diesel Engine with Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel and Diesel Blend using RSM-NSGA-II

In the last few decades, there has been sharp increase in consumption of energy around the globe. Due to finite sources of fossil fuels and rise in exhaust emissions resulting into global warming, the researchers have shifted to the petroleum fuel alternatives. The present work considers the different engine input factors (i.e., blending ratio and load) while evaluating the different performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency), combustion (brake-specific fuel consumption), and emission parameters (nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbon) while using waste cooking oil biodiesel in a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine. A hybrid RSM coupled with NSGA-II technique has been considered for optimizing the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics. The novelty of this work is the application of NSGA II, which has been successfully applied in the simultaneous optimization of brake-specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, and different emission parameters, viz. carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and hydrocarbon. Five optimum combinations have been evaluated from the 39 Pareto solutions set, and their confirmation tests have also been conducted. From the analysis, the brake thermal efficiency of 31.29% and brake-specific fuel consumption of 0.261 kg/kW-hr along with values of the emissions such as nitrogen oxide: 63.470 ppm, carbon monoxide: 0.085% and hydrocarbons: 20.724 ppm have been achieved. The results are very much within the acceptable limits which confirms the feasibility for the use of waste cooking oil biodiesel in the four-stroke diesel engine.