National Academy Science Letters最新文献

Manual transplanted rice is labor-intensive, requires a large amount of water, and makes soil poor. Keeping this in view, Non-puddled machine transplanted rice (NPMTR) as an alternative planting technique for puddled machine transplanted rice (PMTR) was tested at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute (TRRI), Aduthurai during Kharif seasons 2016 to 2020. The experimental data was analyzed using an independent two-sample t-test. The statistical analysis results indicated that NPMTR and PMTR rice planting techniques did not show any significant difference in rice grain yields and recorded 4.82 and 5.06 t/ha respectively. However, a significant (P < 0.00) higher water use efficiency (4.852 kg/ ha mm) was observed under NPMTR, saving approximately 21% water with a 4.97% yield penalty compared to PMTR. In addition, economic analysis results also indicated a higher benefit-cost ratio (B: C Ratio) of 2.29 under NPMTR than 2.09 in PMTR. NPMTR is cost-effective (less production cost ₹ 5880/ha), resource-saving (fuel 26 L/ ha, energy (1220 MJ/ ha), time (5.5 h/ ha) and water (250.4 mm/ ha), easy to practice and reliable rice transplanting method under fast-changing global climatic conditions.

This article focuses on mapping MNDWI of Pune District, Maharashtra, with a specific application in drought mapping. By analyzing satellite imagery, we identify areas experiencing reduced water content, such as shrinking water bodies and stressed vegetation, indicative of drought conditions. The temporal monitoring capability of MNDWI allows us to track the progression of drought and evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures. The generated MNDWI map may provide valuable information for policymakers and stakeholders in Pune District to address the impacts of drought on water resources and agricultural productivity.

Chromium (Cr) is a heavy metal widely used in wooden, tannery, and metal industries. A significant portion of unused Cr is discharged into waste and reaches to the agricultural fields. Long-term application of Cr containing effluent generated from the tannery industries is this study’s key concern. These effluents are discharged into the common sewage carrying channels due lack of their appropriate treatment and disposal, and reach human bodies via food chain contamination grown on the Cr affected agricultural land. To immobilize Cr in soil and reduce its uptake by wheat crops, organic matter such as farmyard manure (FYM) and pressmud (PM) can be applied. These organic amendments help in binding Cr in the soil, limiting it’s availability for plant uptake; and lowering it’s concentration in the wheat crop. In this experiment, we compared the chemical fertilizer alone and in combination with organic sources of plant nutrients for their efficacy in Cr immobilization. Treatments comprised of control (RDF), FYM (5, 10 t/ha), PM (5, 10 t/ha) with four replications were applied in tannery irrigated fields. Results indicated that wheat crop yield enhanced by 22.5 to 38.23% with FYM, whereas, PM enhanced it by 17.6 to 34.6%. Cr concentration reduction in wheat crop was observed upto 0.77 µg/g in FYM and 1.47 µg/g in PM applied plots with 10 t/ha over control in wheat crop. FYM reduced Cr uptake to a greater magnitude than PM. Higher levels of both FYM and PM significantly reduced the Cr in wheat crop. This study highlighted the potential of these organic amendments in minimizing the Cr toxicity in tannery-irrigated fields.

Canopy temperature (CT) is one of the important traits for evaluation/screening for high temperature tolerance in wheat crop. In our study genotypes are sowing variation in terms of canopy temperature. The ten wheat genotypes were assessed during the 2021–2022 rabi season using a precise phenotyping technique under both timely sown (TS) and late sown (LS) conditions. 7th day after anthesis (DAA), PBW644 showed the highest value 39.60C and PBW752 showed lowest value 31.1 °C in TS condition. DBW14 (Delhi bread wheat) showed the highest value 51.5 °C and PBW757(Punjab Bread Wheat) showed the lowest value 37.0 °C in LS condition. 14th DAA, AKW1071 (Akola wheat) showed highest value 40.4 °C and PBW752 showed lowest value 32.2 °C in TS condition. PBW644 showed highest value 48.5 °C and DBW71 showed lowest value 37.1 °C in LS condition. High canopy temperature implies reduced heat tolerance or sensitivity to high temperatures or limited moisture. Low canopy temperature suggests better adaptation to heat or drought conditions, possibly due to traits like increased transpiration rates or better water use efficiency.

Fourteen isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana could be introduced as an endophyte into jute plant (Corchorus capsularis) through seed inoculation. Only four endophytic isolates induced the activation of salt stress-tolerant gene pathways in the jute plants that were treated. RNA Sequencing identified 1017 differentially expressed genes between the ‘endophyte colonized plant’ and the ‘untreated plant’. A total of 1117 genes exhibited upregulation, while 279 genes showed downregulation in the treated plant. The expression of salinity stress resistant genes (SLT1, GDSL, KAT3) were significantly up regulated. Furthermore, the analysis revealed the presence of genes encoding transcription factors MYB, bHLH, NAC, bZIP, WRKY, and zinc finger among the 1017 differentially expressed genes.

In the present study, the immiscible fluid flow of micropolar and viscous conducting fluids is considered in the porous medium between two vertical plates. A magnetic field is applied normal to the flow direction and flow is considered under a constant pressure gradient. The left part (Region 1) contains the micropolar fluid and the right part (Region 2) has viscous fluid. The main objective of the current study is to analyze the effect of weak and strong values of all governing parameters in heat and mass transfer solutions of the two different fluid layers. The governing equations of this problem are modeled in the form of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations. These equations are solved analytically and the results of all the coefficients involved in solutions are shown numerically. The effect of all the parameters on velocity, microrotation, and temperature distribution are displayed through various graphs. These obtained solutions are beneficial and may be used for industrial applications.

This study presents a solution for mitigating longitudinal vibrations in ship propeller shafts by employing a Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control (FSMC) strategy integrated with Magnetorheological (MR) dampers. The semi-active control system dynamically modulates the MR damper forces in real-time, aiming to enhance structural integrity, machine performance, and passenger comfort in marine propulsion systems. A mathematical model is developed using a modified Bouc-Wen model for the MR damper and Timoshenko beam theory for the ship shaft. The FSMC strategy is employed to address system uncertainties and reduce chattering effects, ensuring stable and accurate control. Experimental validation with advanced MR fluid dampers confirms the model's accuracy. The validated MR damper model is then integrated into the numerical modeling of the ship shaft system, showcasing strong predictive capabilities. The impact of rotational speed on marine propeller shaft vibration is examined, with results indicating significant improvements in longitudinal acceleration, ranging from 24.68 to 46.87% across various speeds. These findings highlight the efficacy of the proposed intelligent control system in enhancing vibration control for marine applications.

The purpose of this paper is to extend the concept of statistically pre-Cauchy sequence of fuzzy real numbers. We have defined some new sequence space by introducing lacunary sequence, difference operator and Orlicz function and discussed some important properties related to this space from different point of view. Also, various topological properties are discussed in this paper.

This study addresses the issue of random non-response (RNR) in the study data by introducing improved generalized ratio estimators for the heterogeneous population mean. The novelty of the proposed methodology is to optimize the combined ratio estimator using Searls (1964) idea instead of conventional mean for the heterogeneous population. To study the characterization properties of the proposed estimators, mathematical expressions for the bias and mean square error ((MSqE)) are derived under stratified simple random sampling technique. The optimal performance of the estimators is obtained along with the required constraints, and a comprehensive theoretical comparison between the proposed and adopted estimators is made. The precision of the suggested estimators in comparison to the adopted estimators based on conventional and well-established estimators has been demonstrated by both the empirical analysis on the body fat dataset and the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The results of this study highlight the fact that the suggested estimators outperform all existing traditional and well-established estimators adopted under this scenario.

This article is concerned with the transient analysis of a software embedded fault tolerance machining system (FTMS) having features of redundancy, switching failure, and vacationing server. Various measures including reliability, availability, failure frequency, etc. have been established for the performance predictions of FTMS. The sensitivity and cost analysis have been provided to validate the concerned model and to examine the redundancy and maintainability of the system.