微观政治:阿拉斯加西部的气候适应与土著治理

IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Climatic Change Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI:10.1007/s10584-024-03769-4
Stephen Lezak, Genevieve Rock
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引用次数: 0

摘要

原住民社区的气候适应并非制定良好的政策那么简单;它同样关系到政策如何实施以及定居者政府与原住民利益相关者之间如何开展合作。阿拉斯加农村原住民村落是美国受环境威胁最严重的社区之一。他们有效管理环境变化和维护主权的能力取决于与一系列利益相关者,尤其是联邦机构的成功合作。二十多年来,学术界和政府机构记录了在有效管理适应挑战方面的一贯失败模式,尤其是联邦机构的失败。这些障碍有时被误解为政策失误。虽然政策失误肯定与这些不良结果有关,但本文强调了一系列阻碍成功合作的因素,这些因素本身并非政策问题,而是微观政治问题;也就是说,它们与部落关系背景下的政府行为有关。如果这些微观政治问题得不到解决,阿拉斯加原住民社区在适应不断变化的环境时就会遇到自决的障碍。本文以 2022 年袭击阿拉斯加西部的台风 "梅博克 "为案例,通过对专家、长老、民选官员和部落工作人员的一系列访谈和参与观察,以经验为基础,对这些障碍进行了探讨。文章最后提出了几项具体建议,以改善土著社区与殖民地政府之间的国内外交实践。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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On Micropolitics: Climate adaptation and Indigenous governance in Western Alaska

Climate adaptation for Indigenous communities is not as simple as making good policy; it is equally about how policy is implemented and how collaboration unfolds between settler governments and Indigenous stakeholders. Rural Alaska Native villages are among the most environmentally threatened communities in the United States. Their ability to effectively manage environmental change and preserve sovereignty depends upon successful collaboration with a range of stakeholders, especially federal agencies. For more than two decades, academics and government agencies have documented a consistent pattern of failures, particularly by federal actors, to effectively manage adaptation challenges. These obstacles are sometimes misrepresented as policy failures. While poor policy is certainly involved in these poor outcomes, this paper highlights a set of barriers to successful collaboration that are not policy issues, per se, but rather micropolitical issues; that is, they pertain to the conduct of government in the context of Tribal relationships. Unaddressed, these micropolitical issues have created obstacles to Alaska Native communities’ self-determination as they adapt to a changing landscape. These barriers are explored in a case study drawn from Typhoon Merbok, which struck Western Alaska in 2022, and empirically grounded in a series of interviews and participant observation with experts, elders, elected officials, and Tribal staff. This article concludes with several concrete recommendations to improve the practice of domestic diplomacy between Indigenous communities and colonial governments.

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来源期刊
Climatic Change
Climatic Change 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
10.20
自引率
4.20%
发文量
180
审稿时长
7.5 months
期刊介绍: Climatic Change is dedicated to the totality of the problem of climatic variability and change - its descriptions, causes, implications and interactions among these. The purpose of the journal is to provide a means of exchange among those working in different disciplines on problems related to climatic variations. This means that authors have an opportunity to communicate the essence of their studies to people in other climate-related disciplines and to interested non-disciplinarians, as well as to report on research in which the originality is in the combinations of (not necessarily original) work from several disciplines. The journal also includes vigorous editorial and book review sections.
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