Breakdown Discharge Effect Enabled Self-Powered Multi-Mechanism Wireless Sensing Scheme

Self-powered wireless sensing solution based on the breakdown discharge effect has been developed to tackle the challenges of energy supply, real-time sensing, and integration in current wireless sensors. However, the reported wireless sensors utilizing breakdown discharge focus on frequency sensing, which limits its wide application. Herein, a novel distance-independent remote wireless sensing mechanism based on attenuation coefficient is proposed that overcomes the inherent distance dependence of wireless signal strength, synergizing with frequency mechanism for reconstructing the self-powered multi-mechanism wireless sensing scheme. A systematic theoretical model is established to clarify the wireless sensing mechanism and verified from simulation and experiments. Through coupling different sensing modules, multiple prototypes (wearable multi-parameter wireless sensor, remote manipulator, and jumping robot) have been designed and refined to suit specific application scenarios. This work provides a promising scheme for the design of the self-powered wireless sensor, which exhibits great potential in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, such as smart cities, wearable electronics, smart homes, intelligent robots, etc.