Covalent organic framework-immobilized enzymes: A robust engineered catalytic platform for diverse applications

Enzymes, as natural catalysts, demonstrate high substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency, making them vital in energy storage, environmental remediation, and health. Consequently, researchers are increasingly focused on developing multifunctional platform that replicate the microenvironments of biological systems. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs)-immobilized enzymes offer a robust platform for catalytic applications due to their well-designed porous structures, molecular editing capabilities, coordinated environments, and excellent biocompatibility. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the robust engineered catalytic platform provided by COFs-immobilized enzymes for diverse catalytic applications. It discusses the advantages of COFs-encapsulated enzyme materials, various strategies for constructing COFs-embedded platforms, methods for functionalized enzyme encapsulation, and strategies for enhancing enzyme activity. Furthermore, it explores recent developments of these materials in diverse catalytic applications, including CO₂ conversion, H₂ production, biocatalysis, tumor therapy, environmental remediation, and organic synthesis reaction. Finally, it highlights the prospects and challenges of COFs-immobilized enzymes for reference.