{"title":"高温条件下,冠冷处理可使草莓花芽提前分化","authors":"K. Hidaka, K. Dan, H. Imamura, T. Takayama","doi":"10.2525/ECB.55.21","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Over 90% of Japanese strawberry farmers employ forcing to enable harvest from winter to the following spring (Yamasaki, 2013). However, because available production area continues to decline, new techniques to obtain consistently high yields are required. Many factors contribute to fruit yield in strawberry production (Hidaka et al., 2014a). Fruit yield per plant is influenced by factors including per unit fruit weight, fruit number, flower budding, photosynthate partitioning, leaf photosynthesis, and water and nutrient uptake by roots. These factors are affected by the growing environment (e.g., light intensity, photoperiod, temperature, CO2 concentration, humidity, and wind velocity) and the genetic potential of each cultivar. In our previous studies, we explored the development of environmental control techniques, such as supplemental lighting and CO2 enrichment, to achieve high increases in fruits yield through acceleration of leaf photosynthesis (Hidaka et al., 2013; 2014b; 2015; 2016). However, seeking to increase yields through environmental controls relies on the assumption that flower bud differentiation will be induced normally. Global warming has recently been reported to have serious potential impacts on water resources, ecosystems, food production and other aspects of life. The Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has reported on agricultural issues already known to result from global warming, including high-temperature-related injuries to rice (cracked rice), abnormal fruit coloration, changes in fruit growing zones, and increased incidences of pests and disease (2008). Further, effects of recent warming on agricultural production have been observed throughout the whole of Japan (Sugiura et al., 2012). Japanese strawberry producers usually use Junebearing cultivars, and flower bud differentiation in these cultivars is induced by short days and low temperatures (Ito and Saito, 1962). However, recently there have been concerns that rising air temperatures in August and September will cause delayed flower bud differentiation in first inflorescences. Many types of localized temperature control systems have been developed to stabilize flower bud differentiation under high-temperature conditions (Mukai and Ogura, 1988; Ikeda et al., 2007; Yamazaki et al., 2007; Miyoshi et al., 2013). Our research group also developed a technique to control the temperature of the strawberry crown, which is the organ containing the shoot apical meristem (Dan et al., 2015). However, few studies have examined the effect of such cooling systems under the high temperatures expected with future global warming. We calculated likely future air temperatures in the study area based on past recorded temperatures and predictions of future global warming and reproduced these temperature conditions in a greenhouse. We examined the effect of crown-cooling treatments on flower bud differentiation, flowering characteristics and yield under high air temperature with the aim of achieving stable future production of strawberry.","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"14","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Crown-cooling Treatment Induces Earlier Flower Bud Differentiation of Strawberry under High Air Temperatures\",\"authors\":\"K. Hidaka, K. Dan, H. Imamura, T. Takayama\",\"doi\":\"10.2525/ECB.55.21\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Over 90% of Japanese strawberry farmers employ forcing to enable harvest from winter to the following spring (Yamasaki, 2013). However, because available production area continues to decline, new techniques to obtain consistently high yields are required. Many factors contribute to fruit yield in strawberry production (Hidaka et al., 2014a). Fruit yield per plant is influenced by factors including per unit fruit weight, fruit number, flower budding, photosynthate partitioning, leaf photosynthesis, and water and nutrient uptake by roots. These factors are affected by the growing environment (e.g., light intensity, photoperiod, temperature, CO2 concentration, humidity, and wind velocity) and the genetic potential of each cultivar. In our previous studies, we explored the development of environmental control techniques, such as supplemental lighting and CO2 enrichment, to achieve high increases in fruits yield through acceleration of leaf photosynthesis (Hidaka et al., 2013; 2014b; 2015; 2016). However, seeking to increase yields through environmental controls relies on the assumption that flower bud differentiation will be induced normally. Global warming has recently been reported to have serious potential impacts on water resources, ecosystems, food production and other aspects of life. The Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has reported on agricultural issues already known to result from global warming, including high-temperature-related injuries to rice (cracked rice), abnormal fruit coloration, changes in fruit growing zones, and increased incidences of pests and disease (2008). Further, effects of recent warming on agricultural production have been observed throughout the whole of Japan (Sugiura et al., 2012). Japanese strawberry producers usually use Junebearing cultivars, and flower bud differentiation in these cultivars is induced by short days and low temperatures (Ito and Saito, 1962). However, recently there have been concerns that rising air temperatures in August and September will cause delayed flower bud differentiation in first inflorescences. Many types of localized temperature control systems have been developed to stabilize flower bud differentiation under high-temperature conditions (Mukai and Ogura, 1988; Ikeda et al., 2007; Yamazaki et al., 2007; Miyoshi et al., 2013). Our research group also developed a technique to control the temperature of the strawberry crown, which is the organ containing the shoot apical meristem (Dan et al., 2015). However, few studies have examined the effect of such cooling systems under the high temperatures expected with future global warming. We calculated likely future air temperatures in the study area based on past recorded temperatures and predictions of future global warming and reproduced these temperature conditions in a greenhouse. We examined the effect of crown-cooling treatments on flower bud differentiation, flowering characteristics and yield under high air temperature with the aim of achieving stable future production of strawberry.\",\"PeriodicalId\":11762,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Environmental Control in Biology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2017-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"14\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Environmental Control in Biology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.55.21\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"Agricultural and Biological Sciences\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Control in Biology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.55.21","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
摘要
超过90%的日本草莓种植者采用催收方式,从冬季到次年春季都能收获(Yamasaki, 2013)。然而,由于可用的生产面积持续减少,需要新的技术来获得持续的高产量。在草莓生产中,影响果实产量的因素很多(Hidaka et al., 2014a)。单株产量受单果重、果数、出芽、光合作用分配、叶片光合作用以及根系对水分和养分的吸收等因素的影响。这些因素受生长环境(如光照强度、光周期、温度、CO2浓度、湿度和风速)和各品种遗传潜力的影响。在我们之前的研究中,我们探索了环境控制技术的发展,如补充照明和CO2富集,通过加速叶片光合作用来实现果实产量的高增长(Hidaka et al., 2013;2014 b;2015;2016)。然而,寻求通过环境控制提高产量依赖于花芽分化将被正常诱导的假设。最近有报道称,全球变暖对水资源、生态系统、粮食生产和生活的其他方面产生了严重的潜在影响。日本农林水产省报告了已知由全球变暖造成的农业问题,包括与高温有关的水稻损伤(稻米开裂)、水果颜色异常、水果种植区域的变化以及病虫害发生率的增加(2008年)。此外,近期变暖对整个日本农业生产的影响已经观察到(Sugiura et al., 2012)。日本草莓生产者通常使用六月产的品种,这些品种的花芽分化是由短日和低温诱导的(Ito和Saito, 1962)。然而,最近有人担心,8月和9月的气温上升会导致第一花序的花芽分化延迟。许多类型的局部温度控制系统已经开发出来,以稳定高温条件下花芽的分化(Mukai和Ogura, 1988;Ikeda et al., 2007;Yamazaki et al., 2007;Miyoshi et al., 2013)。我们的研究小组还开发了一种技术来控制草莓冠的温度,冠是包含茎尖分生组织的器官(Dan et al., 2015)。然而,很少有研究调查了这种冷却系统在未来全球变暖预计的高温下的影响。我们根据过去记录的温度和对未来全球变暖的预测计算了研究区域未来可能的气温,并在温室中重现了这些温度条件。研究了高温条件下冠冷处理对草莓花芽分化、开花特性和产量的影响,以期实现草莓的稳定生产。
Crown-cooling Treatment Induces Earlier Flower Bud Differentiation of Strawberry under High Air Temperatures
Over 90% of Japanese strawberry farmers employ forcing to enable harvest from winter to the following spring (Yamasaki, 2013). However, because available production area continues to decline, new techniques to obtain consistently high yields are required. Many factors contribute to fruit yield in strawberry production (Hidaka et al., 2014a). Fruit yield per plant is influenced by factors including per unit fruit weight, fruit number, flower budding, photosynthate partitioning, leaf photosynthesis, and water and nutrient uptake by roots. These factors are affected by the growing environment (e.g., light intensity, photoperiod, temperature, CO2 concentration, humidity, and wind velocity) and the genetic potential of each cultivar. In our previous studies, we explored the development of environmental control techniques, such as supplemental lighting and CO2 enrichment, to achieve high increases in fruits yield through acceleration of leaf photosynthesis (Hidaka et al., 2013; 2014b; 2015; 2016). However, seeking to increase yields through environmental controls relies on the assumption that flower bud differentiation will be induced normally. Global warming has recently been reported to have serious potential impacts on water resources, ecosystems, food production and other aspects of life. The Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has reported on agricultural issues already known to result from global warming, including high-temperature-related injuries to rice (cracked rice), abnormal fruit coloration, changes in fruit growing zones, and increased incidences of pests and disease (2008). Further, effects of recent warming on agricultural production have been observed throughout the whole of Japan (Sugiura et al., 2012). Japanese strawberry producers usually use Junebearing cultivars, and flower bud differentiation in these cultivars is induced by short days and low temperatures (Ito and Saito, 1962). However, recently there have been concerns that rising air temperatures in August and September will cause delayed flower bud differentiation in first inflorescences. Many types of localized temperature control systems have been developed to stabilize flower bud differentiation under high-temperature conditions (Mukai and Ogura, 1988; Ikeda et al., 2007; Yamazaki et al., 2007; Miyoshi et al., 2013). Our research group also developed a technique to control the temperature of the strawberry crown, which is the organ containing the shoot apical meristem (Dan et al., 2015). However, few studies have examined the effect of such cooling systems under the high temperatures expected with future global warming. We calculated likely future air temperatures in the study area based on past recorded temperatures and predictions of future global warming and reproduced these temperature conditions in a greenhouse. We examined the effect of crown-cooling treatments on flower bud differentiation, flowering characteristics and yield under high air temperature with the aim of achieving stable future production of strawberry.