Lock-in amplifiers as a platform for weak signal measurements: Development and applications

IF 2.4 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Current Applied Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI:10.1016/j.cap.2024.07.002

Qianwen Zhang, Wonje Jeong, Dae Joon Kang

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Abstract

The accuracy of modern scientific research and technological advancement is highly reliant on the ability to accurately measure weak signals. The lock-in amplifier (LIA) represents an indispensable instrument, skillfully extracting these faint signals from a backdrop of noise. As the pursuit of accuracy intensifies, LIA technology has been continuously adapted and optimized. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the evolution and applications of LIAs in weak signal measurements. It presents a structured introduction to the historical development of LIAs and evaluates their diverse applications across various domains, including impedance, optical, electrochemical, thermal, and biosensing methods. By examining specific examples in each field, it showcases the significant impact of LIAs on enhancing measurement precision. The review concludes by highlighting persistent challenges encountered by LIAs in practical settings and explores potential avenues for their future advancement. Future research aims to address practical challenges, including further noise reduction, improved system stability, and ease of use, ensuring LIAs continue to play a pivotal role in scientific and technological progress.

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作为微弱信号测量平台的锁相放大器：开发与应用

现代科学研究和技术进步的准确性高度依赖于精确测量微弱信号的能力。锁定放大器（LIA）是一种不可或缺的仪器，它能巧妙地从噪声中提取微弱信号。随着对精确度的追求不断提高，LIA 技术也在不断调整和优化。本综述全面分析了 LIA 在微弱信号测量中的演变和应用。它有条理地介绍了 LIA 的历史发展，并评估了其在阻抗、光学、电化学、热学和生物传感方法等各个领域的不同应用。通过研究各个领域的具体实例，书中展示了 LIA 对提高测量精度的重大影响。综述最后强调了 LIAs 在实际应用中遇到的持续挑战，并探讨了其未来发展的潜在途径。未来研究的目标是解决实际挑战，包括进一步降低噪音、提高系统稳定性和易用性，确保 LIA 在科技进步中继续发挥关键作用。

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来源期刊

Current Applied Physics 物理-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

213

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： Current Applied Physics (Curr. Appl. Phys.) is a monthly published international journal covering all the fields of applied science investigating the physics of the advanced materials for future applications. Other areas covered: Experimental and theoretical aspects of advanced materials and devices dealing with synthesis or structural chemistry, physical and electronic properties, photonics, engineering applications, and uniquely pertinent measurement or analytical techniques. Current Applied Physics, published since 2001, covers physics, chemistry and materials science, including bio-materials, with their engineering aspects. It is a truly interdisciplinary journal opening a forum for scientists of all related fields, a unique point of the journal discriminating it from other worldwide and/or Pacific Rim applied physics journals. Regular research papers, letters and review articles with contents meeting the scope of the journal will be considered for publication after peer review. The Journal is owned by the Korean Physical Society.