Conducting Hydrogel-Based Neural Biointerfacing Technologies

Abstract

Neural biointerfacing, enabling direct communication between neural systems and external devices, holds great promises for applications in brain machine interfaces, neural prosthetics, and neuromodulation. However, current neural electronics made of conventional rigid materials are challenged by their inherent mechanical mismatch with the neural tissues. Hydrogel bioelectronics, with mechanical properties compatible with the neural tissues, represent an alternative to these limitations and enable the next-generation neural biointerfacing technology. Here, an overview of cutting-edge research on conducting hydrogels (CHs) bioelectronics for neural biointerfacing development, emphasizing material design principles, manufacturing techniques, essential requirements, and their corresponding application scenarios is presented. Future challenges and potential directions regarding CHs-based neural biointerfacing technologies, including long-term reliability, multimodal hydrogel bioelectronics for closed-loop system and wireless power supply system, are raised. It is believed that this review will serve as a valuable resource for further advancement and implementation of next-generation neural biointerfacing technology.