Colorimetric detection of methotrexate leveraging the halogen peroxidase-mimicking activity of Bi₂WO₆ nanoflowers

IF 3.6 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Analyst Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI:10.1039/d5an00138b

Xueting wang, Xiaorong Sun, Zhongfang Hu, Guang-Li Wang

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Abstract

This study explores Bi₂WO₆ nanoflowers as novel haloperoxidase (HPO) mimetics and their application in analytical science, aiming to develop an efficient colorimetric method for methotrexate (MTX) detection. Bi₂WO₆ nanoflowers were synthesized via a modified hydrothermal method and exhibited bromoperoxidase- and iodoperoxidase-like activities, catalyzing the bromination of phenol red (PR) and iodination of thymol blue (TB). After optimizing reaction conditions, the kinetic parameters, including the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and maximum reaction velocity (Vmax), exceeded those of most of the reported HPO nanozymes. Investigation of the catalytic mechanism identified singlet oxygen (1O2) as a reactive intermediate. Leveraging the inhibitory effect of MTX on Bi₂WO₆-based nanozymes, a colorimetric assay for MTX was developed, demonstrating excellent detection performance in terms of a wide linear range and a low detection limit. Furthermore, the developed assay exhibited reliable performance in detecting actual samples. This study validates Bi₂WO₆ nanoflowers as efficient HPO nanozymes and provides a reliable approach for the rapid and simple detection of MTX.

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