Educational Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda and the Bengali Bhadralok’s search for cultural identity during the second half of the Nineteenth Century

S. Bose
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Abstract

The British government introduced Western education first in Bengal during the nineteenth century to produce clerks to run the administration cheaply and create a group of loyal servants. However, the educated Bengali bhadralok or the elites of Bengali society, who emerged as a renter class during the British period, soon became the object of racist ridicule by the British. As a result, a critique against blind imitation of western civilization was developed among a section of the Hindu Bengali bhadralok. In the light of these developments, this article tries to evaluate the educational ideas of Swami Vivekananda (original name Narendranath Datta, 1863-1902), a great Hindu monk of India, and attempts to find out how his educational philosophy contributed to the socio-cultural rejuvenation of the Bengalis. This article found that his critique of the colonial educational policy and his ideas on Man-making education enlightened the Bengalis and contributed significantly to the national awakening of the Indians. Moreover, his educational philosophy does not lose its validity even today.Pemerintah Inggris memperkenalkan pendidikan Barat pertama kali di Bengal selama abad kesembilan belas untuk menghasilkan juru tulis untuk menjalankan administrasi dengan murah dan menciptakan sekelompok pelayan yang setia. Namun, bhadralok Bengali terpelajar atau elit masyarakat Bengali, yang muncul sebagai kelas penyewa selama periode Inggris, segera menjadi objek ejekan rasis oleh Inggris. Akibatnya, kritik terhadap tiruan buta peradaban barat dikembangkan di antara bagian bhadralok Hindu Bengali. Berdasarkan perkembangan tersebut, artikel ini mencoba mengevaluasi gagasan pendidikan Swami Vivekananda (nama asli Narendranath Datta, 1863-1902), seorang biksu Hindu besar India, dan mencoba untuk mengetahui bagaimana filsafat pendidikannya berkontribusi pada sosial- peremajaan budaya Bengali. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa kritiknya terhadap kebijakan pendidikan kolonial dan ide-idenya tentang pendidikan penciptaan manusia mencerahkan orang Bengali dan berkontribusi secara signifikan pada kebangkitan nasional orang India. Selain itu, filosofi pendidikannya tidak kehilangan validitasnya bahkan hingga hari ini.
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19世纪下半叶,斯瓦米·维韦卡南达的教育哲学和孟加拉巴德拉洛克对文化认同的追求
19世纪,英国政府在孟加拉首次引入西方教育,培养办事员,以低廉的成本管理政府,并培养一群忠诚的仆人。然而,受过教育的孟加拉人bhadralok或孟加拉社会的精英,在英国时期以租房阶级的身份出现,很快就成为了英国人种族主义嘲笑的对象。因此,在印度教-孟加拉语bhadralok的一部分人中,形成了一种反对盲目模仿西方文明的批判。鉴于这些发展,本文试图评价印度伟大的印度教僧侣Swami Vivekananda(原名Narendranath Datta,1863-1902)的教育思想,并试图了解他的教育哲学是如何为孟加拉人的社会文化复兴做出贡献的。本文发现,他对殖民地教育政策的批判和他对人的教育思想对孟加拉人产生了启迪,对印度人的民族觉醒做出了重要贡献。此外,他的教育哲学即使在今天也没有失去其有效性。在过去的12个世纪里,英国政府首次在孟加拉引入西方教育,培养出能够廉价管理行政管理的作家,并培养出一群忠诚的仆人。然而,在英国时期以佃农阶级身份出现的孟加拉学者或精英孟加拉社会,很快成为英国人种族主义嘲讽的对象。因此,对西方文明盲目复制的批评在孟加拉印度教的bhadralok部分发展起来。基于这些发展,本文试图对印度大和尚Swami Vivekananda教育(原名Narendranath Datta,1863-1902)的概念进行评价,并试图弄清楚他的教育哲学是如何对孟加拉文化事件做出贡献的。本文发现,其对殖民地教育政策的批评和对人类创造教育的思想分散了孟加拉人的注意力,对印度民族起义起到了重要作用。此外,即使在今天,他的教育哲学也没有失去其有效性。
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