Paramita Historical Studies Journal最新文献

{"title":"Renaissance Pedagogy, Dedication of Life, and the School of Life: Soekarno's Thoughts on Education","authors":"Wawan Darmawan, Agus Mulyana, Wildan Insan Fauzi","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i2.41342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i2.41342","url":null,"abstract":"Soekarno was an important figure in Indonesian history whose philosophy had contributed significantly to Indonesian development. Many studies have been carried out on Soekarno’s biography and historical narratives that had an impact on a global scale. However, the study of his thoughts and philosophy regarding education requires much more elaboration. The method used in this study is a historical method, done by exploring archival sources from ANRI (National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia) in the form of Soekarno's speeches at various activities. These archives sufficiently describe Soekarno's thoughts on education. The exploration of Soekarno's philosophy and thoughts in this article is focused on more general aspects of education. From exploring various sources, especially Soekarno's speeches, several themes extracted from his thoughts regarding the philosophy of education, national education, Islamic education, the relationship between pure and applied science, as well as the relationship between science, ideology, struggle, and social welfare were obtained.Soekarno adalah tokoh penting dalam sejarah Indonesia yang filsafatnya telah memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap pembangunan Indonesia. Banyak kajian yang dilakukan terhadap biografi dan narasi sejarah Sukarno yang berdampak pada skala global. Namun kajian pemikiran dan filosofinya mengenai pendidikan memerlukan penjabaran lebih lanjut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah, dilakukan dengan menggali sumber arsip dari ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) berupa pidato-pidato Soekarno di berbagai kegiatan. Arsip-arsip ini cukup menggambarkan pemikiran Bung Karno mengenai pendidikan. Eksplorasi filosofi dan pemikiran Soekarno dalam artikel ini difokuskan pada aspek pendidikan yang lebih umum. Dari penelusuran berbagai sumber, khususnya pidato-pidato Soekarno, tersarikan beberapa tema pemikirannya mengenai filsafat pendidikan, pendidikan nasional, pendidikan Islam, hubungan ilmu murni dan ilmu terapan, serta hubungan ilmu pengetahuan, ideologi, perjuangan, dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. didapatkan.","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":"302 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Village Barn in Coastal Area of Java, From “Lumbung Desa” to Village Unit Cooperative in Demak-Grobogan","authors":"Endah Sri Hartatik, Wasino Wasino, Tri Handayani, Sri Sudarsih","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i2.43880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i2.43880","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the history of institutional changes in food security in the form of savings institutions at the micro-level of rural Indonesia. This research uses the history method using primary sources from documents and oral interviews. The traditional food security institutions in the form of Village Barns could run well because of the support and independence of rural communities. It happened during the colonial period until the beginning of Indonesian independence. After the emergence of modern logistics institutions in the form of the Logistics Affairs Agency (Bulog) and KUD, which were the result of the policies of the New Order government, rural communities became independent. They depended on the government for fertilizers, medicines, seeds, and others. With the presence of these modern logistics institutions, community-based resilience institutions are increasingly marginalized. Its findings indicate a difference in effectiveness between traditional food security institutions and current resilience institutions in ensuring the availability of rice in rural areas. The government needs to re-strengthen community participation-based savings institutions through village granaries.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sejarah perubahan kelembagaan ketahanan pangan berupa lembaga tabungan pada tingkat mikro di pedesaan Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah dengan menggunakan sumber primer berupa dokumen dan wawancara lisan. Kelembagaan ketahanan pangan tradisional berupa Lumbung Desa dapat berjalan dengan baik karena adanya dukungan dan kemandirian masyarakat pedesaan. Hal itu terjadi pada masa penjajahan hingga awal kemerdekaan Indonesia. Setelah munculnya lembaga logistik modern berupa Badan Urusan Logistik (Bulog) dan KUD yang merupakan hasil kebijakan pemerintah Orde Baru, masyarakat pedesaan menjadi mandiri. Mereka bergantung pada pemerintah untuk pupuk, obat-obatan, benih, dan lain-lain. Dengan hadirnya lembaga logistik modern tersebut, lembaga ketahanan berbasis masyarakat semakin terpinggirkan. Temuan-temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan efektivitas antara lembaga ketahanan pangan tradisional dan lembaga ketahanan pangan saat ini dalam menjamin ketersediaan beras di daerah pedesaan. Pemerintah perlu kembali memperkuat lembaga tabungan berbasis partisipasi masyarakat melalui lumbung desa.","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toponymy of Bandung City in Mancapat Perspective (Quarter Typology)","authors":"Leli Yulifar, Aman Aman, Yuyu Yohana Risagarniwa","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i2.41627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i2.41627","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the community and the government tend to rename a location without recognizing its historical significance when, in fact, the naming of a place reflects a national identity, and in some areas, it incorporates mitigating elements, including the city of Bandung. For this reason, this study was conducted to discover the origins of place names in the city of Bandung with historical and other meanings to ensure that they will be taken into account by all parties when naming or renaming places/areas in Bandung. That being the case, a historical method with a toponomatology approach (toponymy) and the concept of mancapat (quarter typology) were employed in this study, resulting in a toponymy for the city of Bandung based on a naming pattern that refers to the concept of traditional urban planning (mancapat/circular pattern) which is in line with its historical meanings, with a time frame between 1810-2000. This is distinct from the patterns or concepts researchers adopt, typically referring to natural or socio-cultural phenomena (linear patterns). Therefore, the findings of this study can offer new insights into tracing the origins of specific locations through historical analysis supported by the concept of traditional Javanese planology (mancapat) or quarter typology. Thus, toponymy researchers can adopt it for other traditional inland state cities in Indonesia. Saat ini terdapat kecenderungan masyarakat juga pemerintah mengganti nama sebuah tempat tanpa mempertimbangkan segi kesejarahannya. Padahal, penamaan tempat tersebut menunjukkan sebuah jati diri bangsa, bahkan untuk beberapa daerah mengandung unsur mitigasi, termasuk di dalamnya wilayah Kota Bandung. Oleh karena itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan asal-usul nama tempat di Kota Bandung yang memiliki makna sejarah dan makna lainnya, agar menjadi pertimbangan para pihak saat akan mengganti atau memberi nama tempat/kawasan di Kota Bandung. Untuk itu, metode sejarah dengan pendekatan Toponomatology (Toponimi) dan konsep Mancapat (Typology Kuarter ) digunakan di dalam penelitian ini, sehingga dihasilkan Toponimi Kota Bandung berdasar pola penamaan yang mengacu kepada konsep tata kota tradisional (mancapat/pola sirkular) yang in line dengan makna kesejarahannya, dengan bingkai waktu antara 1810-2000. Hal ini berbeda dari pola atau konsep yang selama ini digunakan para peneliti yang pada umumnya mengacu kepada fenomena alam atau sosio kultural (pola linear). Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan khazanah yang baru di dalam mengungkapkan asal-usul tempat, yakni analisis historis yang dibantu konsep planologi (tata kota) tradisional di Jawa (Mancapat) atau Typology Kuarter. Maka, para peneliti toponimi bisa mengadopsinya untuk kota-kota tradisional pedalaman (inland state) lainnya di Nusantara.","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Politics: Waste, Stool, and Disciplinary Effort of the Surabaya Society, 1920s-1940s","authors":"Sarkawi B Husain, Agus Indiyanto, Eni Sugiarti","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i2.44438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i2.44438","url":null,"abstract":"The colonial government's hopes to create a rest and order in its colonies proved unsuccessful. The instruments used are not able to force the public to be disciplined. Surabaya, the locus of this article, is not only interesting in a geographical sense, because of its position as a colonial city, but also because colonial governance practices take place intensively in this city. This study aims to complete the aspects that still neglect the attention of scholars by examining the practice of colonial governance to discipline the people of Surabaya through waste and excrement management. In addition to mapping the government policies in waste and excrement management, this article also analyzes why the colonial government failed to discipline the community. This study relies on primary sources in the form of newspapers published during the colonial period. The collected data was analyzed by following three stages, namely reduction, display, and data verification. This article concludes that the community's violation of colonial government rules in waste and excrement management shows the failure of colonial governance practices in disciplining the community. This community disobedience also reflects the public's distrust of the apparatus that carries out the rules. This study also shows that the repressive attitude of the colonial government in implementing environmental hygiene rules reflects awareness among Europeans about the importance of environmental health which is in line with public health.Harapan pemerintah kolonial untuk menciptakan keamanan dan ketertiban di koloninya terbukti tidak berhasil. Instrumen yang digunakan tidak mampu memaksa masyarakat untuk disiplin. Surabaya yang menjadi lokus artikel ini tidak hanya menarik dalam arti geografis, karena posisinya sebagai kota kolonial, tetapi juga karena praktik pemerintahan kolonial berlangsung intensif di kota ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melengkapi aspek-aspek yang masih diabaikan oleh para sarjana dengan mengkaji praktik pemerintahan kolonial dalam upaya mendisiplinkan masyarakat Surabaya melalui pengelolaan sampah dan kotoran (tinja). Selain memetakan kebijakan pemerintah dalam pengelolaan sampah dan kotoran (tinja), artikel ini juga menganalisis mengapa pemerintah kolonial gagal mendisiplinkan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan sumber-sumber primer dalam bentuk surat kabar yang diterbitkan pada masa kolonial. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan mengikuti tiga tahap, yaitu reduksi, display, dan verifikasi data. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa pelanggaran masyarakat terhadap aturan pemerintah kolonial dalam pengelolaan sampah dan kotoran menunjukkan kegagalan praktik tata kelola kolonial dalam mendisiplinkan masyarakat. Ketidaktaatan masyarakat ini juga mencerminkan ketidakpercayaan masyarakat terhadap aparatur yang menjalankan aturan. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa sikap represif pemerintah kolonial dalam menerapkan aturan kebersihan lingkungan mencerminkan kesadar","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparing Graduates for the Workforce: The Development of Contextual-Based History Learning E-Modules in Vocational Schools","authors":"Nur Aeni Marta, Abdurakhman Abdurakhman, Djunaidi Djunaidi","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i2.37112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i2.37112","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, history lessons were carried out online. As a result, several obstacles are encountered, including internet network problems. Teachers have difficulty carrying out learning activities in class optimally and meaningfully. Meanwhile, there has been no contextual-based history e-module for Vocational High Schools. Even though history learning for SMK should be different from SMA. The direction and objectives of SMK learning are to strengthen graduate competency standards to be ready for work. For this reason, researchers recommend using contextually based e-modules as an effort to prepare graduates who are ready to work. Contextual e-modules are modules that are presented electronically; the material is related to other subject matter that is relevant to the field of vocational science and graduate competency achievements. The research used the RD method with the ADDIE approach. The results of the study show that contextually based E-modules can optimize history learning and encourage innovative creativity. The advantages of contextually based E-modules are that the material is related to areas of expertise, easily accessible at any time, and can be studied independently and repeatedly. As a result, learning history can be carried out effectively and thoroughly.Pada masa pandemi COVID-19, pembelajaran sejarah dilakukan secara daring. Dampaknya, terdapat beberapa kendala yang dihadapi di antaranya adalah masalah jaringan internet. Guru mengalami kesulitan melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas secara optimal dan bermakna. Sementara itu, selama ini belum ada e-modul sejarah berbasis kontekstual untuk SMK. Padahal seharusnya pembelajaran sejarah untuk SMK berbeda dengan SMA. Arah dan tujuan pembelajaran SMK adalah memperkuat standar kompetensi lulusan untuk siap kerja. Untuk itu, peneliti merekomendasikan penggunaan e-modul berbasis kontekstual sebagai upaya mempersiapkan lulusan yang siap kerja. E-modul berbasis kontekstual merupakan modul yang disajikan melalui elektronik, materi dikaitkan dengan materi pelajaran lain yang relevan dengan bidang ilmu kejuruan dan capaian kompetensi lulusan. Penelitian menggunakan metode RD dengan pendekatan ADDIE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan E-modul berbasis kontekstual dapat mengoptimalkan pembelajaran sejarah dan mendorong muncul kretivitas inovasi baru. Kelebihan E-modul berbasis kontekstual adalah materi dikaitkan dengan bidang keahlian, mudah diakses kapan saja, serta dapat dipelajari secara mandiri, dan berulang-ulang. Dampaknya, pembelajaran sejarah dapat dilakukan secara efektif dan tuntas.","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Colonial Sugar Industry in Indonesia and the Philippines: A Comparative Perspective","authors":"Nawiyanto Nawiyanto, Jose Wendell Capili, Nina Mutiara Calvaryni","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i2.46347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i2.46347","url":null,"abstract":"The sugar industry played a significant role in the colonial economies of Indonesia and the Philippines. Growing the same commodity for the global market, the conditions under which the sugar industry operated in the two places were quite different. Using historical methods and drawing upon secondary sources, this article compares the colonial sugar industry in Indonesia with particular reference to Java and the Philippines between 1890 and 1940. Unlike the case of Indonesia, where the sugar industry operated in densely populated lowland areas, the Philippine sugar industry was established in a sparsely populated region. However, the sugar producers in the two countries took various measures to make their ventures more efficient and competitive. This article will outline broadly the early development of the sugar industry in Java and the Philippines, followed by a discussion on the choice of production technology and the performance of the sugar industry in the interwar period to provide a better understanding of the different development of the sugar industry in Java and the Philippines. The sugar industry in Java was more successful in improving its productivity and efficiency, making the industry more competitive than the Philippines. However, the sugar industry in the two countries had different destinies when the global crises hit hard in the 1930s. Only because of the preferential treatment obtained in the American market did the less efficient sugar industry in the Philippines survive during the Depression. Meanwhile, Java's more efficient sugar industry collapsed due to the unfair protection policy in the world sugar market.Industri gula memainkan peran penting dalam perekonomian kolonial di Indonesia dan Filipina. Menumbuhkan komoditas yang sama untuk pasar global, kondisi industri gula yang beroperasi di kedua tempat tersebut cukup berbeda. Dengan menggunakan metode sejarah dan memanfaatkan sumber-sumber sekunder, artikel ini membandingkan industri gula kolonial di Indonesia dengan referensi khusus di Jawa dan Filipina antara tahun 1890 dan 1940. Berbeda dengan kasus di Indonesia, dimana industri gula beroperasi di daerah dataran rendah yang padat penduduknya, Filipina industri gula didirikan di wilayah yang jarang penduduknya. Namun, produsen gula di kedua negara mengambil berbagai langkah untuk menjadikan usaha mereka lebih efisien dan kompetitif. Artikel ini akan menguraikan secara garis besar perkembangan awal industri gula di Jawa dan Filipina, dilanjutkan dengan diskusi mengenai pilihan teknologi produksi dan kinerja industri gula pada periode antar perang untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai perbedaan perkembangan industri gula di Jawa dan Filipina. industri gula di Jawa dan Filipina. Industri gula di Pulau Jawa lebih berhasil meningkatkan produktivitas dan efisiensinya, sehingga industri ini lebih kompetitif dibandingkan Filipina. Namun industri gula di kedua negara mempunyai nasib yang berbeda ketika krisis globa","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fostering Historical Thinking Skills with Ethnophotography-based Teaching Materials in Elementary Schools","authors":"Iin Purnamasari","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i2.41601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i2.41601","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the practicality and effectiveness of ethnophotography-based teaching materials in social studies learning in elementary schools. This research is research and development by adopting the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). The data collection instruments in this study were the feasibility of lecturers, practicality sheets for subject teachers and peers, student readability sheets, and pretest and posttest questions for student learning outcomes. The data collection instrument is based on the learning of the supervisor, assessment by experts, subject teachers, peers, and student trials. The implementation phase of the use of teaching materials developed for fourth-grade students at SDN Karangasem 13. The trials carried out at this stage were product feasibility tests, readability, and pretest posttests for fourth-grade students. The results showed increased learning outcomes after students used ethnophotography-based teaching materials. Evidenced by the n-gain value of 0.49 in the medium category. The evaluation stage includes an evaluation carried out at each stage of the ADDIE model. The data analysis technique used is the manova test and n-gain. The results showed that the developed ethnophotography teaching materials were suitable for social studies learning. The ethnophotography teaching materials are practical and effective in improving the learning outcomes of elementary school students. This teaching material is also essential to foster awareness of historical thinking.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan bahan ajar berbasis etnofotografi dalam pembelajaran IPS di Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini adalah research and development dengan mengadopsi model ADDIE (analyze, design, development, implementation, dan evaluation). Instrumen pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini berupa kelayakan dosen ahli, lembar kepraktisan guru mata pelajaran dan teman sejawat, lembar keterbacaan siswa, soal pretest dan posttest hasil belajar siswa. Instrumen pengumpulan data dikembangkan berdasarkan peninjauan dosen pembimbing, penilaian oleh ahli, guru mata pelajaran, teman sejawat dan ujicoba siswa. Tahap implementation meliputi penggunaan bahan ajar yang telah dikembangkan pada siswa kelas IV SDN Karangasem 13. Ujicoba yang dilakukan pada tahap ini adalah uji kelayakan produk, uji keterbacaan, dan pretest posttest pada siswa kelas IV, dengan hasil menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar setelah siswa menggunakan bahan ajar berbasis etnofotografi dibuktikan dengan nilai n-gain 0,49 dengan kategori sedang. Tahap evaluation meliputi bentuk evaluasi yang dilakukan pada setiap tahapan model ADDIE. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dengan uji manova dan n-gain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan ajar etnofotografi yang dikembangkan layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran IPS. Bahan ajar etnofotografi tersebut praktis digunakan, dan efektif un","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"May 1998 Mass Riots in Jakarta: A Holistic and Contextual Analysis of Critical Political Communication","authors":"Wahyu Iryana, Muhamad Bisri Mustofa","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i2.38022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i2.38022","url":null,"abstract":"The discussion of the May 1998 mass riots in Jakarta did not only focus on demonstrations carried out by thousands of people. The existence of related events around Jakarta's capital city caused mass panic due to political problems in the bureaucracy, public anxiety about security in the capital city of Jakarta, and the emergence of public panic due to the economic crisis and anti-Chinese issues. Using a critical political communication approach that takes into account the holistic and contextual factors surrounding the event. By analyzing the political communication processes that took place during the event, this paper identifies the factors that contributed to the riot and explores how a critical political communication approach can be used to prevent similar incidents in the future. This approach focuses on increasing public participation in the political process and promoting accountability among political leaders, which can reduce political tension and the likelihood of riots. The results of the research can be concluded that the process of the May 1998 mass rioting in Jakarta was an act of protest against the government, which was found to be an injustice to society. It started from the economic crisis that caused price increases and the weakening of the Rupiah value, which resulted in soaring Indonesia's debt to foreign countries, the corruption cases carried out by President Soeharto and his cronies. The occurrence of Nepotism made ministers part of President Soeharto's family, and the demonstrations also demanded the downfall of the New Order regime. Pembahasan kerusuhan massal Mei 1998 di Jakarta tidak hanya fokus pada demonstrasi yang dilakukan ribuan orang. Adanya kejadian terkait di sekitar ibu kota Jakarta menimbulkan kepanikan massal akibat permasalahan politik di birokrasi, kegelisahan masyarakat terhadap keamanan di ibu kota Jakarta, serta munculnya kepanikan masyarakat akibat krisis ekonomi dan isu anti Tionghoa. Menggunakan pendekatan komunikasi politik kritis yang mempertimbangkan faktor holistik dan kontekstual seputar peristiwa tersebut. Dengan menganalisis proses komunikasi politik yang terjadi pada peristiwa tersebut, tulisan ini mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap kerusuhan dan mengeksplorasi bagaimana pendekatan komunikasi politik kritis dapat digunakan untuk mencegah kejadian serupa di masa depan. Pendekatan ini berfokus pada peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses politik dan mendorong akuntabilitas di antara para pemimpin politik, sehingga dapat mengurangi ketegangan politik dan kemungkinan terjadinya kerusuhan. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses terjadinya kerusuhan massal Mei 1998 di Jakarta merupakan sebuah aksi protes terhadap pemerintah yang dinilai memberikan ketidakadilan terhadap masyarakat. Bermula dari krisis ekonomi yang menyebabkan kenaikan harga dan melemahnya nilai Rupiah yang mengakibatkan melonjaknya hutang Indonesia ke luar negeri, kasus korupsi yang dilaku","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Song Lyrics as a Historical Source in Indonesia","authors":"Purnawan Basundoro, Nadya Afdholy","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i2.45269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i2.45269","url":null,"abstract":"Song lyrics are one of the historical sources that historians have not adequately utilized. Such historical sources are considered to contain information on historical events. So far, song lyrics are considered the product of the songwriter's imagination, so they have no valid information. Song lyrics are similar to literary works such as poetry or prose. Literary experts argue that most literary works have references to actual events. Thus, both song lyrics and literary works can be used as alternative historical sources to complement official sources. The purpose of this study is to explore songs in Indonesia whose lyrics refer to actual events in history, even though the song is the product of the songwriter's imagination. The method used in this study is the historical method by selecting song lyrics that are considered to tell events and are associated with historical narratives in the context of a certain place and time. Most of those songs are ballads which are used as data sources. The results show several songwriters and ballad singers in Indonesia whose songs refer to actual events include Iwan Fals, Ebiet G. Ade, Rhoma Irama, and Benyamin Sueb. Their songs contain information about the reality of lower-class people living in Jakarta from 1950s to 1980s. Using song lyrics as a historical source will enrich historical narratives written by historians to contain psychological aspects as when the event occurred as written by the songwriters.Lirik lagu merupakan salah satu sumber sejarah yang belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik oleh para ahli sejarah. Sumber sejarah semacam itu dianggap mengandung informasi tentang peristiwa sejarah. Selama ini lirik lagu dianggap sebagai hasil imajinasi pencipta lagu, sehingga dianggap tidak memiliki informasi yang valid. Lirik lagu sebenarnya mirip dengan karya sastra seperti puisi atau prosa. Pakar sastra berpendapat bahwa sebagian besar karya sastra memiliki rujukan pada peristiwa aktual. Dengan demikian, baik lirik lagu maupun karya sastra dapat dijadikan sumber sejarah alternatif untuk melengkapi sumber resmi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi lagu-lagu di Indonesia yang liriknya mengacu pada peristiwa aktual dalam sejarah, meskipun lagu tersebut merupakan hasil imajinasi penulis lagu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah dengan memilih lirik lagu yang dianggap menceritakan peristiwa dan dikaitkan dengan narasi sejarah dalam konteks tempat dan waktu tertentu. Sebagian besar dari lagu-lagu tersebut adalah balada yang digunakan sebagai sumber data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa pencipta lagu dan penyanyi ballad di Indonesia yang lagunya mengacu pada kejadian sebenarnya antara lain Iwan Fals, Ebiet G. Ade, Rhoma Irama, dan Benyamin Sueb. Lagu-lagu mereka berisi informasi tentang realitas masyarakat kelas bawah yang tinggal di Jakarta pada tahun 1950-an hingga 1980-an. Penggunaan lirik lagu sebagai sumber sejarah akan memperkaya narasi sejarah yang","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Malaysia-Indonesia Confrontation: The Allegations Against Burhanuddin al-Helmi for Conspiring with Sukarno, 1963","authors":"Mohamad Muzammil Mohamad Noor","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i2.43501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i2.43501","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Burhanuddin al-Helmi’s pursuit of nationalism and political struggles were perceived as left-wing factions or radical because of the absence of his collaboration with the UMNO and the British colonial while striving for Malaya’s independence. The PAS was his political battleground in the 1950s. This discourse offers an account of Burhanuddin’s personal experience related to his detentions, including his imprisonment during the period wherein Tunku Abdul Rahman led the government. He was accused of conspiring with Sukarno to thwart efforts to establish the Federation of Malaysia. In addition, Burhanuddin was also charged with being a traitor who had jeopardized his country’s security and the government in power back then. On the 28th of January, 1965, he was detained with the charge of conniving with Sukarno to fudge the creation of Malaysia and forming a pro-Indonesia government in exile, specifically in Karachi. This allegation subsequently halted the establishment of the ‘National Front’ which was instrumental for Indonesia in opposing the formation of Malaysia. It also ended all attempts and conspiracies for such purpose on the 16th of September, 1963. Additionally, this writing also exposes the reasons behind Tunku’s actions against Burhanuddin and how the latter defended himself. The findings showed that the allegations against him were purely defamatory and politically motivated. The discussion is based on the analysis of various sources, from personal letters and papers to studies based on archival research methods that analyze documents. This research uses materials and data from the National Archives of Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia.Perjuangan Dr. Burhanuddin al-Helmi terhadap nasionalisme dan perjuangan politik dianggap sebagai faksi sayap kiri atau radikal karena tidak adanya kolaborasinya dengan Partai UMNO dan kolonial Inggris saat memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Malaya. Partai PAS adalah medan pertempuran politiknya di tahun 1950-an. Wacana ini menawarkan pengalaman pribadi Burhanuddin terkait penahanannya, termasuk pemenjaraannya pada masa pemerintahan dipimpin oleh Tunku Abdul Rahman. Beliau dituduh bersekongkol dengan Presiden Sukarno untuk menggagalkan upaya pembentukan Federasi Malaysia. Selain itu, Burhanuddin juga didakwa sebagai pengkhianat yang membahayakan keamanan negaranya dan pemerintahan yang berkuasa saat itu. Pada 28 Januari 1965, ia ditahan dengan tuduhan berkomplot dengan Sukarno untuk memalsukan pembentukan Malaysia dan membentuk pemerintahan pro-Indonesia di pengasingan, khususnya di Karachi, Pakistan. Tuduhan ini kemudian menghentikan pembentukan 'Front Nasional' yang berperan penting bagi Indonesia dalam menentang pembentukan Malaysia. Itu juga mengakhiri semua upaya dan konspirasi untuk tujuan tersebut pada 16 September 1963. Selain itu, tulisan ini juga mengungkap alasan di balik tindakan Tunku terhadap Burhanuddin dan bagaimana Burhanuddin membela diri. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa tuduhan terhadapnya murni ","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":"469 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}