{"title":"Structural, morphological, dielectric, and magnetic properties of CoFe2O4 ceramics at different sintering temperatures","authors":"Priyanka Thakur, Kamal Kishore, Rajesh Kumar, Dinesh Pathak, Kais Iben Nassar, Madan Lal","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13630-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cobalt ferrite (CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) ceramics were effectively synthesized using the co-precipitation method, followed by an investigation into the impact of sintering temperature on various properties including structure, morphology, magnetism, and dielectric behavior. These obtained ceramics exhibited a spinel ferrite structure with cubic symmetry. The average grain size increased from 0.26 to 0.83 μm, as the sintering temperature raised from 400 to 1000 °C. Dielectric measurements demonstrated significant temperature-dependent behavior across all frequencies, suggesting a pronounced influence on polarization within the ferrites, likely caused by localized electron displacement due to electronic exchange between Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions along the direction of the applied electric field. Analysis of impedance and modulus confirmed a negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) response. Additionally, the increase in ac conductivity with temperature was found to enhance charge hopping, resulting in decreased activation energy (E<sub>a</sub>) for specimen mobility responsible for conduction. Magnetic properties exhibited enhancement with increasing sintering temperature, with maximum magnetization, coercivity, and remanent magnetization values increasing accordingly. However, non-saturation at high fields suggested surface effects in the CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> ceramics. Notably, the CFO ceramic sintered at 1000 °C displayed a maximum magnetization value of approximately 74.54 emu/g at room temperature, while the highest coercivity value among all samples was 1368.33 Oe for the sample sintered at 900 °C.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10854-024-13630-0","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) ceramics were effectively synthesized using the co-precipitation method, followed by an investigation into the impact of sintering temperature on various properties including structure, morphology, magnetism, and dielectric behavior. These obtained ceramics exhibited a spinel ferrite structure with cubic symmetry. The average grain size increased from 0.26 to 0.83 μm, as the sintering temperature raised from 400 to 1000 °C. Dielectric measurements demonstrated significant temperature-dependent behavior across all frequencies, suggesting a pronounced influence on polarization within the ferrites, likely caused by localized electron displacement due to electronic exchange between Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions along the direction of the applied electric field. Analysis of impedance and modulus confirmed a negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) response. Additionally, the increase in ac conductivity with temperature was found to enhance charge hopping, resulting in decreased activation energy (Ea) for specimen mobility responsible for conduction. Magnetic properties exhibited enhancement with increasing sintering temperature, with maximum magnetization, coercivity, and remanent magnetization values increasing accordingly. However, non-saturation at high fields suggested surface effects in the CoFe2O4 ceramics. Notably, the CFO ceramic sintered at 1000 °C displayed a maximum magnetization value of approximately 74.54 emu/g at room temperature, while the highest coercivity value among all samples was 1368.33 Oe for the sample sintered at 900 °C.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics is an established refereed companion to the Journal of Materials Science. It publishes papers on materials and their applications in modern electronics, covering the ground between fundamental science, such as semiconductor physics, and work concerned specifically with applications. It explores the growth and preparation of new materials, as well as their processing, fabrication, bonding and encapsulation, together with the reliability, failure analysis, quality assurance and characterization related to the whole range of applications in electronics. The Journal presents papers in newly developing fields such as low dimensional structures and devices, optoelectronics including III-V compounds, glasses and linear/non-linear crystal materials and lasers, high Tc superconductors, conducting polymers, thick film materials and new contact technologies, as well as the established electronics device and circuit materials.