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Phenotypic Cuticle Plasticity at High Elevation: Is Microstructure and Microchemistry Related to Water Permeability? 高海拔下表型角质层可塑性:微观结构和微化学与透水性有关吗?
IF 6.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1111/pce.70344
Giuseppe Tiloca, Othmar Buchner, Matthias Stegner, Notburga Gierlinger, Gilbert Neuner

Kalmia procumbens (K. procumbens), a ubiquitous alpine dwarf shrub, thrives at high elevations, particularly on wind-exposed sites. Plants on contrasting north- and southeast-facing slopes at ~2237 m elevation exhibit differences in leaf colour and growth, suggesting acclimative strategies. Leaves from the southeast-facing slope, exposed to higher leaf temperatures (54°C), stronger winds (21 m ∙ s-1), and increased solar irradiation (2319 µMol photons m-2 ∙ s-1), developed thicker cuticles (16 µm) than leaves from north-facing slope (11 µm). Raman imaging revealed that cutin and triterpenoids built the foundation in all cuticles on the adaxial and abaxial leaf sides sampled from the two contrasting slopes, while flavonoids accumulated mostly in the outer adaxial cuticle layer and reached the highest values at the N-site. The thicker cuticle of the S-site was mainly composed of cutin and triterpenoids, while the flavonoids were restricted to a thinner outer layer. Minimum diffusive conductance (gmin) was lower in the S-site leaves, which may be associated to their thicker cuticle. The water permeability (gmin) increased exponentially with temperature in leaves from both slopes. Under heat, above 38°C, north-facing leaves with higher flavonoid content lost increasingly more water. While the flavonoids will defend bacterial and fungal pathogens and have a vital role in enhancing plant resilience, they seem to promote higher water permeability of the cuticle of K. procumbens. By combining physiological, structural and chemical insights, our findings suggest that micro-environmental factors play a significant role in driving acclimative responses in K. procumbens. Cuticle structure, composition and function are finely tuned to alpine microhabitats and illustrate a distinct potential for phenotypic adjustment to environmental and biotic constraints.

一种普遍存在的高山矮灌木,生长在高海拔地区,特别是在风暴露的地方。海拔约2237 m的北坡和东南坡上的植物在叶片颜色和生长方面存在差异,这表明它们采取了适应策略。东南坡的叶子,暴露在较高的叶温(54°C)、强风(21 m∙s-1)和增加的太阳辐照(2319µMol光子m-2∙s-1)下,其角质层(16µm)比朝北坡的叶子(11µm)更厚。Raman成像结果显示,在两个不同斜坡的叶片正面和背面的角质层中,角质层主要由角质层和三萜组成,而黄酮类化合物主要聚集在近轴角质层外层,在n位处含量最高。s位点较厚的角质层主要由角质层和三萜组成,而黄酮类化合物则局限于较薄的外层。s位叶片的最小扩散电导(gmin)较低,这可能与其角质层较厚有关。两坡叶片透水性(gmin)随温度呈指数增长。在38℃以上的高温条件下,黄酮类化合物含量较高的朝北叶片水分损失增加。虽然黄酮类化合物可以防御细菌和真菌病原体,并在增强植物抗逆性方面起着至关重要的作用,但它们似乎可以促进原丘豆角质层的高透水性。结合生理、结构和化学方面的研究结果,我们的研究结果表明,微环境因素在驱动原驼草的适应性反应中起着重要作用。角质层的结构、组成和功能在高山微生境中得到了很好的调整,并说明了对环境和生物限制进行表型调整的独特潜力。
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引用次数: 0
The miniW Domain Directs Polarized Membrane Localization of Non-Canonical PINs in Marchantia polymorpha. miniW结构域指导多形地豆非规范pin的极化膜定位。
IF 6.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1111/pce.70295
Han Tang, Adrijana Smoljan, Minxia Zou, Yuzhou Zhang, Kuan-Ju Lu, Jiří Friml
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引用次数: 0
MYC2-LNC86472-miR166a-HB15 Module Mediates the Effect of Jasmonic Acid on Soft Rot Resistance in Colored Calla Lily. MYC2-LNC86472-miR166a-HB15模块介导茉莉酸对彩马莲抗软腐病的影响
IF 6.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1111/pce.70329
Yi Wang, Tuo Yang, Lele Wu, Menghan Zhang, Wei Tian, Guojun Zhang, Bao Di, Ji Qian, Guilin Shan, Xiuhai Zhang, Zunzheng Wei

Soft rot is a major disease restricting the production of colored calla lily, with severe impacts on their ornamental, commercial, and market value, caused by infection with Pectobacterium carotovorum. This study investigated the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the soft rot response of colored calla lily leaves. Transcriptome sequencing of infected leaves identified 35,175 potential lncRNAs. Differential expression analysis revealed significant upregulation or downregulation of numerous lncRNAs following infection, indicating their potential involvement in the plant's immune response to P. carotovorum. Among these, LNC86472 was identified as a differentially expressed lncRNA that functions as a potential endogenous target mimic (eTM) for miR166a. Meanwhile, miR166a directly targets homeodomain-leucine zipper 15 (HB15) transcripts, which activates immune responses and restricts pathogen invasion. Functional studies involving the transient expression and silencing of LNC86472 and HB15 in colored calla lily leaves demonstrated that overexpression resulted in enlarged lesion sizes and compromised plant immune responses, while silencing them led to the opposite effect. Notably, infection-induced increases in jasmonic acid levels were associated with the downregulation of LNC86472. Further analysis showed that MYC2 directly binds to the LNC86472 promoter to repress its expression. These results suggest that jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated downregulation of LNC86472 releases miR166a, thereby facilitating miR166a-mediated cleavage of HB15 transcripts. This study provides new insights into the role of lncRNAs in the soft rot infection process of colored calla lily.

软腐病是制约马蹄莲生产的主要病害,严重影响马蹄莲的观赏、商业和市场价值。本研究探讨了长链非编码rna (lncRNAs)在彩色马蹄莲叶片软腐反应中的作用。受感染叶片的转录组测序鉴定出35175个潜在的lncrna。差异表达分析显示,许多lncrna在感染后显著上调或下调,表明它们可能参与植物对胡萝卜芽孢杆菌的免疫反应。其中,LNC86472被鉴定为一种差异表达的lncRNA,其功能是miR166a的潜在内源性靶模拟物(eTM)。同时,miR166a直接靶向同源域亮氨酸拉链15 (HB15)转录本,激活免疫应答,限制病原体侵袭。LNC86472和HB15在彩色马蹄莲叶片中的瞬时表达和沉默的功能研究表明,过表达会导致病变大小增大和植物免疫应答降低,而沉默则会导致相反的效果。值得注意的是,感染诱导的茉莉酸水平升高与LNC86472的下调有关。进一步分析表明,MYC2直接结合LNC86472启动子抑制其表达。这些结果表明,茉莉酸(jasmonic acid, JA)介导的LNC86472下调释放miR166a,从而促进miR166a介导的HB15转录物的切割。本研究为lncrna在马蹄莲软腐病侵染过程中的作用提供了新的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Drinking Winter Water During Summer Drought: Isotope Insights Into Root Water Uptake and Drought Resilience in Beech Trees. 夏季干旱时饮用冬季水:山毛榉树根系水分吸收和抗旱能力的同位素分析。
IF 6.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1111/pce.70297
Huanfang Liu, Xingyun Liang
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引用次数: 0
Pathogen-Induced Endogenous Small Peptide Phytosulfokine Perceived by the Membrane Receptor OsPSKR2 Enhances Disease Resistance in Rice. 膜受体OsPSKR2感知的病原菌诱导的内源性小肽植物磺酸盐增强水稻抗病性
IF 6.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1111/pce.70324
Minghao Liu, Guangzhong Zhang, Longjun Zeng, Jijun Yan, Peiyong Xin, Jinfang Chu, Yiming Wang, Quan Wang, Suikang Wang

Rice blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, severely impacts rice yield and quality. Plants possess intricate molecular mechanisms to recognize and respond to pathogen infections. In this study, we demonstrated that the infection of M. oryzae induces the expression of prePSK, the precursor of the endogenous small peptide, phytosulfokine, in rice. The exogenous application of active PSKα significantly enhances rice resistance to rice blast. Conversely, the PSK septuple mutant exhibits reduced resistance against M. oryzae, indicating the involvement of PSK in the defense response against rice blast. Through genetic and biochemical evidence, we identified OsPSKR2 as a functional PSK receptor that is essential for PSK-mediated rice blast resistance. Intriguingly, the overexpression of OsPSKR2 promotes the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thus strengthening rice blast resistance without negatively affecting plant growth or yield. Moreover, we established that the OsPSK-PSKR2 signaling cascade, whose activity depends on OsTPST-mediated PSK tyrosine sulfation, is necessary for immunity against both rice blast and leaf blight. Thus, our study elucidates the role of PSK-PSKR module in broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice.

稻瘟病是由稻瘟病菌引起的稻瘟病,严重影响水稻产量和品质。植物具有复杂的分子机制来识别和响应病原体感染。在这项研究中,我们证明了m.o ryzae的感染诱导了水稻内源小肽植物磺酸的前体prePSK的表达。外源施用活性PSKα显著增强水稻对稻瘟病的抗性。相反,PSK七突变体对M. oryzae的抗性降低,表明PSK参与了对稻瘟病的防御反应。通过遗传和生化证据,我们确定OsPSKR2是PSK介导的水稻稻瘟病抗性所必需的功能性PSK受体。有趣的是,OsPSKR2的过表达促进了致病相关基因(PR)的表达,增加了活性氧(ROS)的产生,从而增强了水稻抗稻瘟病能力,而不会对植株生长和产量产生负面影响。此外,我们确定了OsPSK-PSKR2信号级联,其活性取决于ostpst介导的PSK酪氨酸硫酸化,是水稻稻瘟病和叶枯病免疫所必需的。因此,我们的研究阐明了PSK-PSKR模块在水稻广谱抗病中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
The European Biophysics Journal Prizes 2025: Recognising biophysical science at sub-cellular, cellular and tissue levels of organisation. 2025年欧洲生物物理杂志奖:承认亚细胞、细胞和组织水平的生物物理科学。
IF 2.4 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-026-01822-x
Robert J C Gilbert
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引用次数: 0
CIPK9–PP2C39 module modulates the trade-off between abscisic acid-dependent drought tolerance and plant growth in Brassica napus L. CIPK9-PP2C39模块调控甘蓝型油菜脱落酸依赖抗旱性与植株生长之间的平衡。
IF 5.7 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.70713
Nan Wang, Jiaming Mai, Chao He, Xianfei Hou, Donghai Jia, Tingdong Fu, Jing Wen, Lun Zhao, Jitao Zou, Yuanguo Gu, Jinxiong Shen

Drought poses a critical threat to global agriculture, food security, and livestock sustainability. In Brassica napus L. (B. napus), a major oilseed crop, yield losses under water deficit underscore the urgent need for breeding strategies that improve water-use efficiency. Here, this study demonstrates that CIPK9 loss-of-function lines of B. napus displayed enhanced drought tolerance compared with the wild-type (WT). Yeast two-hybrid, split-luciferase complementation (LCI), and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays showed that BnaCIPK9 physically interacts with PP2C39 both in vivo and in vitro. Transcript analysis and enzymatic assays further revealed that CIPK9 functioned in an abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent pathway regulating ABA biosynthesis and enhanced antioxidant capacity by promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. In Arabidopsis, both pp2c39 and cipk9 mutants exhibited stronger drought tolerance than WT plants. Notably, cipk9 mutants showed greater detoxification capacity, resulting in reduced ROS accumulation, higher stomatal conductance, and increased growth, whereas pp2c39 mutants triggered hyperactive stress signaling, leading to elevated ROS levels, lower stomatal conductance, and growth inhibition. These findings highlight a dual drought-response strategy that balances stress defense with cellular homeostasis to sustain growth. Specifically, PP2C39 mediates ABA-induced stress signaling, while the PP2C39–CIPK9 module mitigates its cytotoxic consequences, and their interaction links two distinct pathways to maintain equilibrium between defense and growth. This work provides mechanistic insights for breeding, suggesting that exploiting functional redundancy can reduce excessive self-regulation to improve stress resilience while avoiding modifications that overactivate stress responses and compromise plant development.

干旱对全球农业、粮食安全和畜牧业可持续性构成严重威胁。甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L., B. napus)是一种主要的油籽作物,在缺水条件下产量损失突出表明迫切需要提高水分利用效率的育种策略。本研究表明,与野生型(WT)相比,甘蓝型油菜CIPK9功能缺失系表现出更强的耐旱性。酵母双杂交、分裂荧光素酶互补(LCI)和双分子荧光互补(BiFC)实验表明,BnaCIPK9在体内和体外均与PP2C39发生物理相互作用。转录分析和酶促实验进一步表明,CIPK9在ABA依赖通路中发挥作用,通过促进活性氧(ROS)清除来调节ABA的生物合成和增强抗氧化能力。在拟南芥中,pp2c39和cipk9突变体均表现出比WT更强的耐旱性。值得注意的是,cipk9突变体表现出更强的解毒能力,导致ROS积累减少,气孔导度提高,生长加快,而pp2c39突变体引发过度活跃的胁迫信号,导致ROS水平升高,气孔导度降低,生长抑制。这些发现强调了一种双重干旱响应策略,即平衡应激防御和细胞稳态以维持生长。具体来说,PP2C39介导aba诱导的应激信号,而PP2C39- cipk9模块减轻其细胞毒性后果,它们的相互作用将两个不同的途径联系起来,以维持防御和生长之间的平衡。这项工作为育种提供了机制上的见解,表明利用功能冗余可以减少过度的自我调节,以提高应激恢复能力,同时避免过度激活应激反应和损害植物发育的修饰。
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引用次数: 0
Outside Front Cover Image 外封面图像
IF 6.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1111/pce.70422
Xuanxuan Ma, Li Ling, Bo Wang, Hai Nian, Qibin Ma, Shuai Zhao, Tengxiang Lian

The cover image is based on the article Chemical Communication Between Plant and Microbe in the Phyllosphere by Xuanxuan Ma et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70314.

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引用次数: 0
Gene Family Expansion and Functional Diversification of β-Ketoacyl-CoA Synthases Drives Lipid Remodeling and Extreme Cold Adaptation in Antarctic Pohlia nutans. β-酮酰基辅酶a合成酶基因家族扩展和功能多样化驱动南极波利亚坚果脂质重塑和极端寒冷适应。
IF 6.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1111/pce.70431
Yu Zhao, Chaochao Li, Qin Kong, Shenghao Liu, Jing Wang, Pengying Zhang

Antarctica's extreme cold challenges terrestrial life. In plants, β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) is a critical enzyme for very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) biosynthesis. However, the role of KCS genes in Antarctic mosses-the dominant terrestrial flora in this harsh ecosystem-remains poorly understood. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of cold tolerance and VLCFAs profiles between the Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans and the model bryophyte Physcomitrella patens, combined with functional characterization of the P. nutans KCS gene family (PnKCS1-19). P. nutans demonstrated superior growth rates and cold tolerance compared to P. patens. Furthermore, the PnKCS gene family has undergone substantial expansion via whole genome duplication, with intra-clade sequence homology exceeding 95.0%. Notably, heterologous expression of the PnKCS gene family in both wild-type and mutant yeast systems revealed novel VLCFAs profiles in some yeast strains, reflecting the distinct catalytic capabilities of PnKCSs. Heterologous of PnKCS7 and PnKCS8 in P. patens, which catalyzed the synthesis of a novel VLCFA component (C30:0) in wild yeast, enhanced the cold tolerance and total VLCFAs content of plant. These findings reveal the mechanism of Antarctic P. nutans adaptation via KCS-mediated VLCFAs synthesis, underscoring the ecological role of lipid remodeling.

南极洲的极端寒冷对陆地生物构成了挑战。在植物中,β-酮酰基辅酶a合成酶(KCS)是非常长链脂肪酸(VLCFAs)生物合成的关键酶。然而,KCS基因在南极苔藓中所扮演的角色——在这个严酷的生态系统中占主导地位的陆生植物群——仍然知之甚少。本研究对比分析了南极苔藓植物pollia nutans和模式苔藓植物小壶藓(Physcomitrella patens)的耐寒性和VLCFAs特征,并结合P. nutans KCS基因家族(PnKCS1-19)的功能特征。nutans的生长速度和耐寒性优于patens。此外,PnKCS基因家族通过全基因组复制进行了大量扩增,分支内序列同源性超过95.0%。值得注意的是,在野生型和突变型酵母系统中,PnKCS基因家族的异源表达在一些酵母菌株中揭示了新的VLCFAs谱,反映了PnKCS独特的催化能力。PnKCS7和PnKCS8的异源基因PnKCS7和PnKCS8在野生酵母中催化合成了一种新的VLCFA成分(C30:0),提高了植物的耐寒性和总VLCFA含量。这些发现揭示了南极巨噬虾通过kcs介导的VLCFAs合成来适应南极巨噬虾的机制,强调了脂质重塑的生态作用。
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引用次数: 0
The role of heterogeneity of intersubunit interfaces in the outer membrane leaflet in maintaining GABAA receptor activity. 外膜小叶亚基界面异质性在维持GABAA受体活性中的作用。
IF 2.4 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-026-01816-9
Alexey Rossokhin
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引用次数: 0
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