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The Transcripiton Factor OsERF104 Positively Regulates Cadmium Tolerance Via Activating OsPDR5 and OsPDR20 in Rice. 转录因子OsERF104通过激活水稻的OsPDR5和OsPDR20正向调节水稻的镉耐受性。
IF 6.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1111/pce.70417
Shubao Hu, Hui Wang, Muyao Zhu, Xinyue Wang, Zixuan Gu, Xinxin Su, E Ji, Xiaoyan Xiang, Wei Zhang, Yifeng Cheng, Xinjian Shi, Dan Mu, Hainie Zha, Xin Xiao

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity threatens rice production and food safety. While ethylene-responsive transcription factors (ERFs) are involved in stress responses, their role in Cd detoxification in rice is unclear. This study identifies OsERF104 as a key positive regulator of Cd tolerance in rice. We demonstrate that OsERF104, induced by Cd stress in an H₂O₂-dependent manner, directly activates the expression of OsPDR5 and OsPDR20, two plasma membrane ABC transporters responsible for Cd efflux. Loss-of-function OsERF104 showed increased Cd sensitivity and accumulation, while complementation restored wild-type phenotypes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that OsERF104 is essential for Cd-inducible expression of OsPDR5 and OsPDR20. OsERF104 directly binds to GCC-box elements in the promoters of OsPDR5 and OsPDR20, activating their transcription, as confirmed by ChIP-qPCR, EMSA, Y1H, and luciferase assays. Overexpression of OsPDR20 in the oserf104 mutant rescued the Cd-sensitive phenotype. Collectively, our findings uncover a novel OsERF104-OsPDR5/OsPDR20 module that curtails Cd accumulation and enhances Cd tolerance, representing a promising target for breeding low-Cd rice.

镉(Cd)毒性威胁着水稻生产和食品安全。虽然乙烯应答转录因子(ERFs)参与胁迫应答,但它们在水稻Cd解毒中的作用尚不清楚。本研究确定OsERF104是水稻耐Cd性的关键正调控因子。我们发现OsERF104在Cd胁迫下以H₂O₂依赖的方式诱导,直接激活了两种负责Cd外溢的质膜ABC转运蛋白OsPDR5和OsPDR20的表达。功能缺失的OsERF104显示Cd敏感性和积累增加,而互补恢复了野生型表型。转录组学分析显示,OsERF104对于cd诱导的OsPDR5和OsPDR20的表达至关重要。经ChIP-qPCR、EMSA、Y1H和荧光素酶检测证实,OsERF104直接结合OsPDR5和OsPDR20启动子中的gc -box元件,激活其转录。在oserf104突变体中过表达OsPDR20挽救了cd敏感表型。总之,我们的研究结果揭示了一个新的OsERF104-OsPDR5/OsPDR20模块,该模块可以减少Cd积累并提高Cd耐受性,代表了低Cd水稻育种的一个有希望的目标。
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引用次数: 0
The transcription factor NO TRANSMITTING TRACT/WIP2 modulates cytokinin homeostasis in Arabidopsis 转录因子NO传输通道/WIP2调节拟南芥细胞分裂素稳态。
IF 5.7 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.70715
David Díaz-Ramírez, Edgar Demesa-Arevalo, Yolanda Durán-Medina, Rosa E. Becerra-García, José E. Cruz-Valderrama, Beatriz E. Ruiz-Cortés, Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo, Ricardo A. Chávez Montes, Maurizio Di Marzo, Clelia De la Peña, Lucia Colombo, Martin Sagasser, Rüdiger Simon, Ondrej Novak, Stefan de Folter, Nayelli Marsch-Martinez

The transcription factor WIP2/NO TRANSMITTING TRACT (WIP2/NTT) belongs to the WIP zinc finger family. Loss of WIP/NTT function in Arabidopsis thaliana causes alterations in specific tissues in the gynoecium. It also impairs root development, but only when combined with the loss of WIP4 and WIP5 function, due to redundancy. Certain mutant loss-of-function phenotypes can be recovered by cytokinin application, NTT interacts with cytokinin signaling components, and the phenotypes displayed by plants with increased WIP2/NTT expression also suggest a possible interaction with this pathway. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between WIP2/NTT and the cytokinin pathway. To overcome the issue of genetic redundancy, we used a commonly used inducible system. We found that WIP2/NTT induction alters cytokinin levels and signaling in a tissue-specific manner, as shown by cytokinin content measurements and TCSn::GFP reporter analysis. Transcriptome analyses revealed candidate target genes related to the cytokinin pathway. Yeast one-hybrid and transactivation assays demonstrated direct NTT binding to regulatory regions of the cytokinin genes ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE 5 (IPT5), ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN 6 (AHP6), and CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE 7 (CKX7) involved in cytokinin biosynthesis, signaling, and degradation, respectively. Moreover, immunolocalization assays revealed that cytokinin distribution was altered in loss of function mutants and after NTT induction. The results of this work indicate that WIP2/NTT modulates cytokinin homeostasis.

转录因子WIP2/NO传输道(WIP2/NTT)属于WIP锌指家族。在拟南芥中,WIP/NTT功能的丧失会导致雌蕊中特定组织的改变。它也会损害根的发育,但只有在与WIP4和WIP5功能的丧失相结合时,由于冗余。某些突变体丧失功能的表型可以通过细胞分裂素的应用恢复,NTT与细胞分裂素信号组分相互作用,WIP2/NTT表达增加的植物所显示的表型也表明可能与该途径相互作用。因此,本研究的目的是探讨WIP2/NTT与细胞分裂素通路的关系。为了克服遗传冗余的问题,我们使用了一种常用的诱导系统。我们发现WIP2/NTT诱导以组织特异性的方式改变细胞分裂素水平和信号传导,如细胞分裂素含量测量和TCSn::GFP报告者分析所示。转录组分析揭示了与细胞分裂素途径相关的候选靶基因。酵母单杂交和转激活实验表明,NTT直接结合细胞分裂素基因异戊烯基转移酶5 (IPT5)、拟南芥组氨酸磷酸转移蛋白6 (AHP6)和细胞分裂素氧化酶/脱氢酶7 (CKX7)的调控区域,分别参与细胞分裂素的生物合成、信号传导和降解。此外,免疫定位分析显示,细胞分裂素分布在功能丧失突变体和NTT诱导后发生了改变。这项工作的结果表明,WIP2/NTT调节细胞分裂素的稳态。
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引用次数: 0
The geometry of pMHC-coated nanoparticles and T-cell receptor clusters governs the sensitivity-specificity trade-off in T-cell response: a modeling investigation. pmhc包覆的纳米颗粒和t细胞受体簇的几何形状决定了t细胞反应的敏感性-特异性权衡:一项模型研究。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q3 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.70082
Louis Richez, Anmar Khadra

T cells must reliably discriminate between foreign-derived antigens that require an adaptive immune response and nonspecific self-antigens that do not. This discrimination is highly specific to the affinity of the bond between the ligand and T-cell receptors (TCRs), and highly sensitive to the concentration of ligand. We examined the features of T-cell-mediated immunity in the context of multivalent ligand-receptor interactions between clusters of TCRs with peptide major histocompatibility complex-coated nanoparticles (NPs). Using Monte Carlo simulations of NP-T-cell surface interactions, we compared the effect of TCR clustering on the dose-response curves of bound TCRs when various NP design parameters were altered. These simulations revealed a trade-off between sensitivity and specificity, mediated by TCR clustering and NP geometry. Large TCR clusters enhance sensitivity to both NP valence and NP concentration at the expense of antigen specificity. This loss of specificity arises from two key effects of TCR clustering on NP binding: (1) steric hindrance caused by TCR proximity and NP size, leading to early saturation of bound TCRs; and (2) increased the avidity of multivalent low-affinity NPs. The combination of saturated high-affinity binding and amplified low-affinity binding resulted in impaired affinity-based discrimination. Finally, we demonstrated how kinetic proofreading (KPR) mechanisms mediated by TCR phosphorylation were able to recover specificity in models of T-cell activation. Together, these results suggest that multivalent ligand-receptor interactions promote greater sensitivity at the expense of specificity, and provide mechanistic insights into early T-cell activation that can guide the design of NPs for therapeutic applications.

T细胞必须可靠地区分需要适应性免疫反应的外源抗原和不需要适应性免疫反应的非特异性自身抗原。这种区分对配体与t细胞受体(TCRs)之间的亲和力具有高度特异性,对配体的浓度高度敏感。我们研究了在tcr簇与肽主组织相容性复合物包被纳米颗粒(NPs)之间多价配体-受体相互作用的背景下,t细胞介导免疫的特征。通过蒙特卡罗模拟NP- t细胞表面相互作用,我们比较了不同NP设计参数改变时,TCR聚类对结合TCR的剂量-响应曲线的影响。这些模拟揭示了敏感性和特异性之间的权衡,由TCR聚类和NP几何介导。大的TCR簇以牺牲抗原特异性为代价增强了对NP价和NP浓度的敏感性。这种特异性的丧失源于TCR聚类对NP结合的两个关键影响:(1)由TCR邻近和NP大小引起的位阻,导致结合的TCR早期饱和;(2)增加了多价低亲和力NPs的亲和力。饱和的高亲和结合和放大的低亲和结合的结合导致基于亲和的识别受损。最后,我们证明了由TCR磷酸化介导的动力学校对(KPR)机制如何能够在t细胞活化模型中恢复特异性。总之,这些结果表明,多价配体-受体相互作用以牺牲特异性为代价促进了更高的敏感性,并为早期t细胞活化提供了机制见解,可以指导用于治疗应用的NPs的设计。
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引用次数: 0
Fully Tunable Phosphorylation of RPS6A Ensures the Successful Development of Arabidopsis Seedlings. RPS6A的完全可调磷酸化确保拟南芥幼苗的成功发育。
IF 6.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1111/pce.70426
Yueh Cho, Guan-Hong Chen, Shu-Hsing Wu

Light enhances protein translation, enabling young seedlings to rapidly and timely acquire photosynthetic capacities. Sequential phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) was implicated in the light-enhanced translation; however, the exact phosphorylation sites and the biological relevance of RPS6 multi-phosphorylation in seedling development remain elusive. Here, we report the identification and quantification of RPS6A residues that exhibit dynamic, differential phosphorylation in seedlings grown in darkness or during the initial exposure to light. Among six C-terminal sites, four serine residues, serine-229 (S229), S231, S237 and S240, serve as seed sites for light-regulated sequential phosphorylation. Combinatorial mutations of the C-terminal serines/threonine (S/T) to aspartic acids (phospho-mimic) or alanines (phospho-null) partially rescued the reduced hypocotyl elongation in etiolated rps6a seedlings. De-etiolating rps6a seedlings expressing phospho-mimic or phospho-null RPS6A showed decreased photosynthetic protein accumulation and reduced translation capacity. These findings indicate that fully tunable phosphorylation of RPS6A is essential for its complete function in hypocotyl elongation, translation efficiency, and photosynthetic capacities in both etiolated and de-etiolating seedlings. Our results demonstrate that the structural integrity of the C-terminal S/T residues is vital for establishing precise phosphorylation codes of RPS6A in light or dark conditions. Even a single substitution at these conserved residues can disrupt the light-regulated phosphorylation-dephosphorylation dynamics of RPS6A, thereby impairing its functions. This also explains the evolutionary conservation and importance of these C-terminal S/T residues to warrant young seedlings' capacities to adapt effectively to changing light environments in their natural habitats.

光增强蛋白质翻译,使幼苗能够迅速及时地获得光合能力。核糖体蛋白S6 (RPS6)的顺序磷酸化与光增强翻译有关;然而,RPS6多磷酸化在幼苗发育中的确切磷酸化位点和生物学相关性尚不清楚。在这里,我们报道了RPS6A残基的鉴定和定量,这些残基在黑暗或初始光照下生长的幼苗中表现出动态的、差异的磷酸化。在6个c端位点中,4个丝氨酸残基,丝氨酸229 (S229)、S231、S237和S240,作为光调控顺序磷酸化的种子位点。在黄化的rps6a幼苗中,c端丝氨酸/苏氨酸(S/T)对天冬氨酸(phospho-mimic)或丙氨酸(phospho-null)的组合突变部分恢复了下胚轴伸长的减少。表达磷酸化模拟或无磷酸化rps6a的去黄化rps6a幼苗光合蛋白积累减少,翻译能力降低。这些发现表明,在黄化和去黄化幼苗中,RPS6A的完全可调磷酸化对于其在下胚轴伸长、翻译效率和光合能力方面的完整功能至关重要。我们的研究结果表明,c端S/T残基的结构完整性对于在光照或黑暗条件下建立RPS6A的精确磷酸化代码至关重要。即使是在这些保守残基上的单个取代也会破坏RPS6A光调节的磷酸化-去磷酸化动力学,从而损害其功能。这也解释了这些c端S/T残基的进化保护和重要性,以保证幼苗有效适应自然栖息地变化的光环境的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Functional Role of Piezo1 Channels in Smooth Muscle Cells of Rat Cerebral Arteries under Normal Conditions and Chronic Carotid Artery Stenosis 正常及慢性颈动脉狭窄大鼠脑动脉平滑肌细胞中Piezo1通道的功能作用
IF 1.4 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1134/S1990747825700552
D. K. Gaynullina, A. A. Borzykh, M. G. Pechkova, K. A. Bogotskoy, O. S. Tarasova

In arterial smooth muscle cells, Piezo1 channels are involved in the regulation of vascular tone and remodeling in various diseases. They are non-selective cation channels, the activation of which can lead to depolarization of the smooth muscle cell membrane, Ca2+ entry through voltage-gated channels and the development of contraction. This work tested the hypothesis that Piezo1 channels are involved in regulating the tone of smooth muscle cells in small cerebral arteries, and functional contribution of these channels may change in chronic carotid artery stenosis. Constricting clips were placed on both common carotid arteries in rats (reducing the volume velocity of blood flow by at least 70%). After 4 weeks, the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was isolated for wire myography (after endothelial removal) and quantitative PCR. The level of MCA basal tone was lower in the rats of the Stenosis group than in the control group; contractile responses to thromboxane A2 receptor agonist U46619 were not changed. Incubation with Dooku1 (Piezo1 blocker, 30 µM) led to decreases in basal tone level and contractile responses to U46619 in MCA of control rats but did not have such effects in MCA of the Stenosis group. The contents of Piezo1 and voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel (CaV1.2) mRNAs did not differ between the groups, whereas the mRNA content of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels of the T type (CaV3.1) was decreased in the MCA of the Stenosis group compared to the control. Thus, Piezo1 channels have a pro-contractile effect in the smooth muscle cells of rat cerebral arteries, and this effect decreases with chronic stenosis of carotid artery. The decrease in the pro-contractile effect of Piezo1 in the MCA of rats of the Stenosis group may be associated with the development of changes not at the level of the Piezo1 channels themselves, but at subsequent stages of signal transduction to the contractile apparatus of smooth muscle cells.

在动脉平滑肌细胞中,Piezo1通道参与多种疾病中血管张力和重塑的调节。它们是非选择性阳离子通道,其激活可导致平滑肌细胞膜去极化,Ca2+通过电压门控通道进入并发生收缩。本研究验证了Piezo1通道参与调节脑小动脉平滑肌细胞张力的假设,并且这些通道的功能贡献可能在慢性颈动脉狭窄中发生变化。在大鼠的颈总动脉上放置收缩夹(使血流体积速度减少至少70%)。4周后,分离大脑中动脉(MCA)进行钢丝肌造影(去除内皮后)和定量PCR。狭窄组大鼠MCA基底张力水平低于对照组;血栓素A2受体激动剂U46619的收缩反应没有改变。与Dooku1 (Piezo1阻滞剂,30µM)孵育导致对照大鼠MCA基底张力水平和对U46619的收缩反应降低,但狭窄组MCA无此影响。两组间Piezo1和电压门控l型Ca2+通道(CaV1.2) mRNA含量无差异,而与对照组相比,狭窄组MCA中电压门控T型Ca2+通道(CaV3.1) mRNA含量降低。由此可见,Piezo1通道在大鼠脑动脉平滑肌细胞中具有促收缩作用,这种作用随着颈动脉慢性狭窄而减弱。在狭窄组大鼠的MCA中,Piezo1促收缩作用的减弱可能与Piezo1通道本身水平的变化发展有关,而与平滑肌细胞收缩器官信号转导的后续阶段的变化有关。
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引用次数: 0
Uncovering Genetic Architecture and Genomic Prediction of Vitamin E Content in Tropical Maize. 揭示热带玉米维生素E含量的遗传结构及基因组预测。
IF 6.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1111/pce.70410
Ashvinkumar Katral, Natalia Palacios-Rojas, Firoz Hossain, Boddupalli M Prasanna, Vignesh Muthusamy, Xuecai Zhang

Vitamin E (tocochromanols), a vital lipid-soluble antioxidant, is often deficient in maize-based diets. Our objective was to identify potential genomic regions associated with tocochromanols variation and evaluate the potential of genomic predictions for its improvement. We assessed 1044 tropical maize inbreds from three panels across multiple environments, and genotyped them with high-density single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Across panels, we identified 50 causal loci, including 15 in a combined panel associated with three grain tocochromanol components. Associated loci showed strong positive allelic effects (1.12- to 2.72-fold increment due to favourable allele) for improving tocochromanol content. Notably, four loci were associated with α-tocotrienol, and three loci with α-tocopherol were found to be stable, and one pleiotropic locus influenced both. Underlying candidate genes are enriched in cellular, catalytic, biosynthetic and metabolic processes, with 14 involved in the tocochromanol biosynthesis pathway. Favourable haplotypes on chromosomes 5 and 7, notably increased α-tocopherol (6.12-16.19 µg/g) and γ-tocopherol (32.12-102.31 µg/g) levels, respectively. Genomic prediction models proved useful in predicting tocochromanols with moderate-to-high prediction accuracies (0.43-0.52), demonstrating their potential to develop elite, high-tocochromanol lines. Our results provided valuable insights into the genetic architecture of tocochromanols and support accelerating biofortification through genome-wide selection to improve vitamin E levels in tropical maize.

维生素E是一种重要的脂溶性抗氧化剂,在以玉米为基础的饮食中往往缺乏。我们的目的是确定与多巴胺醇变异相关的潜在基因组区域,并评估基因组预测对其改进的潜力。我们评估了1044个来自不同环境的热带玉米自交系,并用高密度单核苷酸多态性对它们进行了基因分型。通过小组研究,我们确定了50个因果位点,其中15个是与三种颗粒多巴胺酚成分相关的组合小组。相关的等位基因显示出较强的正等位效应(由于有利等位基因而增加1.12 ~ 2.72倍)。值得注意的是,4个位点与α-生育三烯醇相关,3个位点与α-生育酚相关,且1个多效性位点同时影响α-生育三烯醇和α-生育酚。潜在的候选基因在细胞、催化、生物合成和代谢过程中富集,其中14个参与了生育酚的生物合成途径。5号和7号染色体上的有利单倍型α-生育酚(6.12-16.19µg/g)和γ-生育酚(32.12-102.31µg/g)水平分别显著升高。基因组预测模型在预测tocochromanol方面被证明是有用的,预测精度为中高(0.43-0.52),表明它们有潜力开发出优质的高tocochromanol品系。我们的研究结果为tocochromanol的遗传结构提供了有价值的见解,并支持通过全基因组选择加速生物强化以提高热带玉米的维生素E水平。
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引用次数: 0
A novel domain of unknown function 707 protein coordinates root growth and drought tolerance 一个功能未知的707蛋白新结构域协调根系生长和耐旱性。
IF 5.7 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.70710
Qi Yan, Yunyue Xiao, Xue Li, Shengsheng Wang, Jiyu Zhang

A well-developed root system is one of the morphological mechanisms through which xerophytes adapt to drought. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying root growth are not completely known. In this work, two domain of unknown function 707 (DUF707) proteins were identified as hub genes for the response of roots to drought stress in Lespedeza potaninii, a xerophytic subshrub. We found that angiosperm DUF707 proteins can be divided into two subfamilies. LpDUF707-1 expression was strongly induced under drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment in the roots of L. potaninii, and its promoter activity in the roots was significantly induced by drought stress and mannitol treatments. The overexpression of LpDUF707-1 significantly improved root growth and drought tolerance, whereas the silencing of LpDUF707-1 inhibited root growth and reduced drought tolerance. We further revealed that the LpOBP3.1 transcription factor directly binds to the promoter region of LpDUF707-1, thereby repressing its activity. LpOBP3.1 expression was strongly suppressed under drought stress and ABA treatment in the roots of L. potaninii. The overexpression of LpOBP3.1 significantly inhibited root growth and decreased drought tolerance, whereas LpOBP3.1-RNAi lines presented the opposite pattern. Collectively, our results demonstrated that this novel module regulates root growth and drought tolerance in L. potaninii, thus providing gene targets for the development of elite crop varieties with well-developed root-mediated drought tolerance.

根系发育良好是旱生植物适应干旱的形态机制之一。然而,根系生长的分子机制尚不完全清楚。本研究鉴定了两个未知功能域707 (DUF707)蛋白为旱生亚灌木胡枝子根系响应干旱胁迫的枢纽基因。我们发现被子植物DUF707蛋白可分为两个亚家族。干旱胁迫和ABA处理强烈诱导LpDUF707-1的表达,干旱胁迫和甘露醇处理显著诱导LpDUF707-1的启动子活性。过表达LpDUF707-1显著提高了根的生长和耐旱性,而沉默LpDUF707-1则抑制了根的生长,降低了根的耐旱性。我们进一步发现,LpOBP3.1转录因子直接结合到LpDUF707-1的启动子区域,从而抑制其活性。在干旱胁迫和ABA处理下,LpOBP3.1的表达受到强烈抑制。过表达LpOBP3.1显著抑制了根的生长,降低了根的耐旱性,而过表达LpOBP3.1- rnai则相反。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,该新模块调节了L. potaninii的根系生长和耐旱性,从而为培育具有良好根系介导耐旱性的优良作物品种提供了基因靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Legume Rotations and Conservation Tillage in Synergy: Yield Gains, Carbon Sequestration, and Climate Resilience. 豆科作物轮作和保护性耕作的协同作用:产量增加、碳封存和气候适应能力。
IF 6.3 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1111/pce.70418
Wen-Xuan Liu, Zhuo-Jun Lin, Hong-Xuan Duan, Zhuo Shi, Yash Pal Dang, Xin Zhao, Hai-Lin Zhang

Leguminous crop rotation (LC) and conservation tillage (CT) are nature-based solutions to mitigate climate change. Previous studies have shown significant variations in crop productivity and soil organic carbon (SOC) under LC and CT, largely influenced by site-specific conditions. However, the mechanisms driving the interactions between LC and CT to enhance compatibility across diverse environmental conditions remain unclear. This study conducted a meta-analysis combined with machine learning, using a high-resolution global database of 271 site experiments to evaluate the impact of LC, CT, and their interaction on crop yield and SOC, clarify the underlying mechanisms, and assess their global potential. Results indicated synergistic effects of LC and CT led to additional increases of up to 13.4% in yield and 8.6% in SOC. These benefits were more pronounced in warm-humid regions, with low initial soil fertility, fine soil texture, and low nitrogen (N) input. Among key factors influencing these interactive effects, N input and the initial soil carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio emerged as the top two determinants for crop yield and SOC changes. Globally, integrating LC and CT in farmlands could potentially increase crop production and SOC stock by 16.9% and 7.6%, respectively. Looking ahead, these practices could enhance crop production by up to 400 Tg (24.6%) and SOC stock by 8.4 Pg (10.0%), helping to address climate change under various future scenarios. These results highlight that optimising N input and the initial soil C/N ratio through LC-CT integration achieves a win-win scenario of increased crop yield and enhanced SOC sequestration, with significant potential under future climate conditions. This study provides a scientific basis for developing targeted farmland management strategies tailored to diverse environmental conditions worldwide.

豆科作物轮作(LC)和保护性耕作(CT)是缓解气候变化的基于自然的解决方案。以往的研究表明,在LC和CT条件下,作物生产力和土壤有机碳(SOC)存在显著差异,这在很大程度上受场地特定条件的影响。然而,驱动LC和CT之间相互作用以增强不同环境条件下的兼容性的机制尚不清楚。本研究采用荟萃分析和机器学习相结合的方法,利用271个试验点的高分辨率全球数据库来评估LC、CT及其相互作用对作物产量和有机碳的影响,阐明其潜在机制,并评估其全球潜力。结果表明,LC和CT的协同效应可使产量增加13.4%,土壤有机碳增加8.6%。这些好处在温湿地区更为明显,这些地区土壤初始肥力低,土壤质地细,氮输入少。在影响这些交互效应的关键因素中,氮输入和土壤初始碳氮比是作物产量和有机碳变化的前两个决定因素。在全球范围内,在农田中整合LC和CT可能会使作物产量和有机碳储量分别增加16.9%和7.6%。展望未来,这些做法可以使作物产量提高400 Tg(24.6%),有机碳储量提高8.4 Pg(10.0%),有助于应对未来各种情景下的气候变化。这些结果表明,通过LC-CT整合优化N输入和初始土壤C/N比可以实现作物增产和有机碳固存的双赢,在未来气候条件下具有巨大的潜力。本研究为制定适合全球不同环境条件的针对性农田管理策略提供了科学依据。
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引用次数: 0
Thermal acclimation of Pinus massoniana to warming depends on water conditions and climate of origin 马尾松对变暖的热适应取决于水条件和原产地气候。
IF 5.7 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.70695
Yong Cui, Mingkai Jiang, Ting Wu, Changchang Shao, Danielle A. Way, David T. Tissue, Honglang Duan

Future climatic conditions are projected to become warmer and drier, critically challenging tree growth and survival. Understanding how photosynthesis and respiration of tree seedlings acclimate to warming is pivotal for predicting seedling responses to climate change and tree carbon dynamics. However, the photosynthetic capacity parameters of thermal acclimation remain unresolved; particularly their interaction with water availability constraints and local climate adaptation needs to be fully explored. Here, we grew seedlings of a widely planted timber species in subtropical China, Pinus massoniana, with two provenances from contrasting climates of origin (cooler-drier and warmer-wetter), under three growth temperatures (22°C, 26°C, and 30°C) and two water conditions (well-watered and drought). Temperature responses of gas exchange and nutrient status were investigated, together with a data synthesis of meta-analysis. The experimental results showed that under well-watered conditions, the optimal temperature for photosynthesis (ToptA), the net photosynthetic rate (A25) and dark respiration rate (R25) at 25°C, and respiratory sensitivity parameters (Q10) remained unexpectedly stable under warming for both provenances, contrasting with our hypotheses; however, data synthesis shows that the ToptA from the cooler region increased with warming. Drought reduced ToptA and A25, largely related to the magnitude of warming. Compared to drought-only conditions, warming and drought in combination induced an increase in ToptA and the optimal temperature for photosynthetic electron transport rate (ToptJ) in the provenance from the warmer-wetter region and a reduction in Q10 for both provenances, but did not affect A25 and R25. Collectively, our results indicated that thermal acclimation of photosynthesis and respiration in P. massoniana seedlings was limited under well-watered conditions. However, drought increased the capacity for thermal acclimation in the warmer-wetter provenance compared to the cooler-drier provenance, suggesting that P. massoniana seedlings from warmer-wetter areas may cope better with future warm and dry environments.

预计未来的气候条件将变得更加温暖和干燥,严重挑战树木的生长和生存。了解树木幼苗光合作用和呼吸作用如何适应气候变暖是预测幼苗对气候变化和树木碳动态响应的关键。然而,热驯化的光合能力参数尚未确定;特别是需要充分探索它们与水资源供应限制和当地气候适应的相互作用。在这里,我们在中国亚热带广泛种植的木材树种马尾松(Pinus massoniana)的两种种源下,在三种生长温度(22°C, 26°C和30°C)和两种水分条件(丰水和干旱)下进行了幼苗生长。研究了气体交换和营养状况的温度响应,并对数据进行了meta分析。结果表明,在水分充足的条件下,两种种源的光合作用最佳温度(ToptA)、25°C时的净光合速率(A25)和暗呼吸速率(R25)以及增温条件下的呼吸敏感性参数(Q10)均保持稳定,与我们的假设相反;然而,数据综合表明,来自较冷地区的ToptA随着变暖而增加。干旱降低了ToptA和A25,这在很大程度上与变暖的程度有关。与干旱条件相比,增温和干旱联合处理导致暖湿区种源的ToptA和光合电子传递速率最适温度(ToptJ)升高,Q10降低,但对A25和R25没有影响。综上所述,在水分充足的条件下,马尾松幼苗光合作用和呼吸作用的热驯化受到限制。然而,相对于冷干种源,干旱增加了暖湿种源的热驯化能力,这表明来自暖湿地区的马尾松幼苗可能更好地应对未来的温暖和干燥环境。
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引用次数: 0
Resistance of CD33+ Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells to Anthracyclines in Three-Dimensional Cultures 三维培养CD33+急性髓系白血病细胞对蒽环类药物的耐药性
IF 1.4 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1134/S1990747825700564
K. S. Krasnov, E. I. Meshcheriakova, Ya. V. Lomovskaya, I. S. Fadeeva, M. I. Kobyakova, R. S. Fadeev

Elucidating the mechanisms of drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells is a critical endeavor in biomedicine and oncohematology. In our previous research utilizing permanent cell lines, we demonstrated that AML cells in three-dimensional multicellular cultures exhibited increased drug resistance. This study utilized flow cytometry and spectrofluorometry to demonstrate enhanced resistance of primary CD33+ AML cells, cultured in three-dimensional multicellular aggregates, to the cytotoxic effects of anthracyclines. This resistance was associated with the inhibition of the pro-apoptotic signaling pathway, a partial accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, and an elevation in the levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.

阐明急性髓系白血病(AML)细胞的耐药机制是生物医学和肿瘤血液学领域的一项重要工作。在我们之前利用永久细胞系的研究中,我们证明了三维多细胞培养中的AML细胞表现出增加的耐药性。本研究利用流式细胞术和荧光光谱法证明,在三维多细胞聚集体中培养的原代CD33+ AML细胞对蒽环类药物的细胞毒性作用的抵抗力增强。这种耐药性与促凋亡信号通路的抑制、细胞周期G0/G1期细胞的部分积累以及抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2水平的升高有关。
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引用次数: 0
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