Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102686
Longgang Zhang , Pengyu Zhang , Zhiguang Guo
The preparation of biomimetic wettable surfaces usually relies on surface roughness and chemical modification. From the exploration of superhydrophobic surface structures to the discovery of re-entrant structures of superoleophobic surfaces, micro/nano structure design has gradually become the third important factor affecting wettable surfaces, and has gradually developed porous structures, overhanging structures, and composite hierarchical structures. Micro/nano structures give surfaces the ability to repel low surface energy liquids, but also affect surface durability. According to the damage form of the surface, durability improvement strategies such as adhesive enhancement, self-healing, and skeleton protection have been developed. This article discusses the development history of superamphiphobic surfaces, introduces the main structural types, summarizes methods to improve mechanical durability, and organizes commonly used durability testing methods.
{"title":"Advances in the durability of biomimetic superamphiphobic surfaces","authors":"Longgang Zhang , Pengyu Zhang , Zhiguang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preparation of biomimetic wettable surfaces usually relies on surface roughness and chemical modification. From the exploration of superhydrophobic surface structures to the discovery of re-entrant structures of superoleophobic surfaces, micro/nano structure design has gradually become the third important factor affecting wettable surfaces, and has gradually developed porous structures, overhanging structures, and composite hierarchical structures. Micro/nano structures give surfaces the ability to repel low surface energy liquids, but also affect surface durability. According to the damage form of the surface, durability improvement strategies such as adhesive enhancement, self-healing, and skeleton protection have been developed. This article discusses the development history of superamphiphobic surfaces, introduces the main structural types, summarizes methods to improve mechanical durability, and organizes commonly used durability testing methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102686"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113526
Qinqin Wang , Kaiyuan Guo , Siwen Gu , Wangping Wu , Lvzhou Li , Deniz Eren Erişen , Gao Yong , Jianning Ding
The laser-enhanced contact optimization (LECO) process, instead of the conventional high-temperature sintering process on the tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cells, is being migrated to mainstream technology, with ongoing improvements in recent years. This study examines the impact of various process parameters—including sintering temperature, laser power, and reverse voltage—within the LECO process on the metallization-induced recombination current density associated with metal contact (denoted as J0,metal), contact resistivity (represented as ρc), and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. On the basis of the experiment, COMSOL simulations were introduced to model the changes in charge carrier dynamics during LECO. The influence of laser power and reverse voltage on the front surface electron concentration was systematically investigated and confirmed. The findings indicated that appropriately reducing the sintering temperature can significantly decrease metallization recombination. At the same time, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) showed a negative correlation with both the laser energy and reverse voltage. Conversely, the fill factor (FF) and contact resistivity (ρc) positively correlated with these factors. Data from ρc and I-V measurements demonstrated that adequate laser energy is crucial for achieving sufficient carrier concentrations, which is necessary for minimizing ρc. However, excessively high laser energy may harm the passivation layer. Simulation analysis confirmed that the laser in the LECO process generates electron-hole pairs, while the reverse voltage separates the electrons and holes. We implemented the LECO process utilizing a sintering temperature of 790 °C, laser power of 18 W, and a reverse voltage of 16 V to enhance the maximum efficiency. (Eff) of 25.97 %, corresponding to a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 42.05 mA/cm2, a Voc of 731.5 mV, and a fill factor (FF) of 84.42 %. The findings presented herein provide valuable insights that will inform the subsequent investigation of novel cell structures.
{"title":"Impact of laser-enhanced contact optimization on n-TOPCon solar cells' performance and efficiency: Experimental and simulated insights","authors":"Qinqin Wang , Kaiyuan Guo , Siwen Gu , Wangping Wu , Lvzhou Li , Deniz Eren Erişen , Gao Yong , Jianning Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The laser-enhanced contact optimization (LECO) process, instead of the conventional high-temperature sintering process on the tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cells, is being migrated to mainstream technology, with ongoing improvements in recent years. This study examines the impact of various process parameters—including sintering temperature, laser power, and reverse voltage—within the LECO process on the metallization-induced recombination current density associated with metal contact (denoted as <em>J</em><sub><em>0</em></sub><em>,</em><sub><em>metal</em></sub>), contact resistivity (represented as <em>ρ</em><sub><em>c</em></sub>), and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. On the basis of the experiment, COMSOL simulations were introduced to model the changes in charge carrier dynamics during LECO. The influence of laser power and reverse voltage on the front surface electron concentration was systematically investigated and confirmed. The findings indicated that appropriately reducing the sintering temperature can significantly decrease metallization recombination. At the same time, the open-circuit voltage (<em>V</em><sub><em>oc</em></sub>) showed a negative correlation with both the laser energy and reverse voltage. Conversely, the fill factor (<em>FF</em>) and contact resistivity (<em>ρ</em><sub><em>c</em></sub>) positively correlated with these factors. Data from ρ<sub>c</sub> and I-V measurements demonstrated that adequate laser energy is crucial for achieving sufficient carrier concentrations, which is necessary for minimizing ρ<sub>c</sub>. However, excessively high laser energy may harm the passivation layer. Simulation analysis confirmed that the laser in the LECO process generates electron-hole pairs, while the reverse voltage separates the electrons and holes. We implemented the LECO process utilizing a sintering temperature of 790 °C, laser power of 18 W, and a reverse voltage of 16 V to enhance the maximum efficiency. (<em>E</em><sub><em>ff</em></sub>) of 25.97 %, corresponding to a short-circuit current density (<em>J</em><sub><em>sc</em></sub>) of 42.05 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, a <em>V</em><sub><em>oc</em></sub> of 731.5 mV, and a fill factor (<em>FF</em>) of 84.42 %. The findings presented herein provide valuable insights that will inform the subsequent investigation of novel cell structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113526"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109159
Sara Rubio, Jose Ramon Leiza, Aitor Barquero, Edurne González
As sustainability concerns increase, the need to explore new biobased monomers arises. In this work, latexes with high biobased (61–71 %) and solids content (up to 40 %) are produced by emulsion polymerization for their application as coatings. Initially, the emulsion homopolymerization of three different soft biobased methacrylates is investigated; 2-octyl methacrylate (OMA), tetrahydrogeraniol methacrylate (TGM) and tetradecyl methacrylate (TDM). The challenges to polymerize these monomers by emulsion polymerization are addressed and the properties of the homopolymers obtained measured (Tg and molar masses). Secondly, the three different soft biobased methacrylates are copolymerized by seeded semibatch emulsion polymerization with tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFM) which is a hard and more hydrophilic biobased monomer. It is observed that by increasing THFM content the incorporation of the hydrophobic monomers is facilitated. Among the different synthesized copolymers, OMA/THFM 87/13 wt% and TGM/THFM 41/59 wt% present good film forming properties, suitable mechanical properties and better water resistance than a petroleum-based methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate (MMA/BA) copolymer.
{"title":"Tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate helps to produce biobased hydrophobic waterborne protective coatings by emulsion polymerization","authors":"Sara Rubio, Jose Ramon Leiza, Aitor Barquero, Edurne González","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As sustainability concerns increase, the need to explore new biobased monomers arises. In this work, latexes with high biobased (61–71 %) and solids content (up to 40 %) are produced by emulsion polymerization for their application as coatings. Initially, the emulsion homopolymerization of three different soft biobased methacrylates is investigated; 2-octyl methacrylate (OMA), tetrahydrogeraniol methacrylate (TGM) and tetradecyl methacrylate (TDM). The challenges to polymerize these monomers by emulsion polymerization are addressed and the properties of the homopolymers obtained measured (T<sub>g</sub> and molar masses). Secondly, the three different soft biobased methacrylates are copolymerized by seeded semibatch emulsion polymerization with tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFM) which is a hard and more hydrophilic biobased monomer. It is observed that by increasing THFM content the incorporation of the hydrophobic monomers is facilitated. Among the different synthesized copolymers, OMA/THFM 87/13 wt% and TGM/THFM 41/59 wt% present good film forming properties, suitable mechanical properties and better water resistance than a petroleum-based methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate (MMA/BA) copolymer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109159"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental pollution has been perceived as one of the serious issues of the modern world. Textile effluents are especially of concern because they colour the drains and diminish the water quality. Herein, high crystalline Cu-doped WO3 nanoparticles were prepared using a facile chemical method. This study explores the impact of copper ions incorporated into WO3 to enhance the photocatalytic breakdown rate of textile effluent. Structural, morphology, and optical properties were studied using advanced instruments. The formation of a monoclinic WO3 phase in all synthesized samples was confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Optical studies revealed that Cu-doped WO3 nanoparticles exhibit a narrowed bandgap energy, facilitating the generation of free radicals capable of effectively degrading textile effluent dye molecules. Under natural sunlight, the Cu-doped WO3 demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic efficiency, achieving 96.1 % degradation of Rhodamine 6G (RG) and 91.7 % degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) within 2 h. The incorporation of Cu dopants provided an efficient pathway for electron excitation from the valence to the conduction band, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performance compared to pristine WO3. Specifically, 5 % Cu-doped WO3 nanoparticles exhibited consistent photocatalytic activity, with rate constants of 0.0598 min–1 for RG and 0.0437 min–1 for MB degradation, underscoring their potential for efficient organic pollutant removal. The stability and reusability of the catalyst were validated through reusability and scavenger experiments, confirming the robustness of the photocatalytic process. Furthermore, the toxicological effects of the photocatalytically degraded byproducts, D-RG and D-MB, were evaluated using Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model, providing insights into the environmental safety of the degradation process. These findings highlight the potential of Cu-doped WO3 nanoparticles as a sustainable and efficient photocatalyst for environmental remediation, particularly in the treatment of textile effluents.
{"title":"Rapid photocatalytic degradation of Industrial dyes and investigation on toxicological effect of the treated water using copper incorporated tungsten oxide nanoparticles","authors":"Govindhasamy Murugadoss , Rajesh Kumar Manavalan , Nachimuthu Venkatesh , Govindhan Thiruppathi , Palanisamy Sundararaj , Dakshana Murugan , Kamalan Kirubaharan","doi":"10.1016/j.mseb.2025.118148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mseb.2025.118148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental pollution has been perceived as one of the serious issues of the modern world. Textile effluents are especially of concern because they colour the drains and diminish the water quality. Herein, high crystalline Cu-doped WO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles were prepared using a facile chemical method. This study explores the impact of copper ions incorporated into WO<sub>3</sub> to enhance the photocatalytic breakdown rate of textile effluent. Structural, morphology, and optical properties were studied using advanced instruments. The formation of a monoclinic WO<sub>3</sub> phase in all synthesized samples was confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Optical studies revealed that Cu-doped WO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles exhibit a narrowed bandgap energy, facilitating the generation of free radicals capable of effectively degrading textile effluent dye molecules. Under natural sunlight, the Cu-doped WO<sub>3</sub> demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic efficiency, achieving 96.1 % degradation of Rhodamine 6G (RG) and 91.7 % degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) within 2 h. The incorporation of Cu dopants provided an efficient pathway for electron excitation from the valence to the conduction band, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performance compared to pristine WO<sub>3</sub>. Specifically, 5 % Cu-doped WO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles exhibited consistent photocatalytic activity, with rate constants of 0.0598 min<sup>–1</sup> for RG and 0.0437 min<sup>–1</sup> for MB degradation, underscoring their potential for efficient organic pollutant removal. The stability and reusability of the catalyst were validated through reusability and scavenger experiments, confirming the robustness of the photocatalytic process. Furthermore, the toxicological effects of the photocatalytically degraded byproducts, D-RG and D-MB, were evaluated using<!--> <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> <!-->as an in vivo model, providing insights into the environmental safety of the degradation process. These findings highlight the potential of Cu-doped WO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles as a sustainable and efficient photocatalyst for environmental remediation, particularly in the treatment of textile effluents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18233,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: B","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 118148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1134/S1067821224700032
L. M. Karimova, Ye. T. Kairalapov, B. E. Mansurov
Silver extraction by percolation leaching on a pelletized sample of stale tailings with the organic binding agent Alcotac® CB6 is studied. A column 0.5 m high and 56 mm in internal diameter was used for laboratory tests on percolation leaching. Pelletization was carried out in a drum-type granulator with the Alcotac® CB6 reagent (BASF, Germany) consumption of 800 g/t; the moisture content of the granules was 8–10% with a size of 8–10 mm. The composition of the samples was determined based on the data of optical and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, local X-ray spectral, X-ray fluorescence, and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Stale tailings of the Zhezkazgan enrichment plant (Ulytau region, Republic of Kazakhstan) were examined, in which the main part of copper is represented by oxidized minerals (78.47%); content of sulfide minerals is 21.53%. The results of physicochemical studies with the determination of the material composition of the sample and observations on the percolation leaching of copper and silver from the stale tailings of Zhezkazgan are presented. The copper leaching was studied in two stages using a sulfuric acid solution as a solvent. The next stage was the transfer of silver into the solution by cyanidation. Copper extraction into the solution was 88.55% with a sulfuric acid consumption of 80.0 kg/t of tailings, and that of silver was 75.31% with a sodium cyanide consumption of 0.55 kg/t. The studies of two-stage leaching showed the effectiveness of preliminary pelletizing of stale tailings with the Alcotac® CB6 reagent. In the process of leaching, the pelletized material features sufficient porosity and permeability and provides access of cyanide solutions to the surface of precious metals.
{"title":"Research into the Percolation Leaching of Copper and Silver from Stale Tailings","authors":"L. M. Karimova, Ye. T. Kairalapov, B. E. Mansurov","doi":"10.1134/S1067821224700032","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821224700032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>S</i>ilver extraction by percolation leaching on a pelletized sample of stale tailings with the organic binding agent Alcotac<sup>®</sup> CB6 is studied. A column 0.5 m high and 56 mm in internal diameter was used for laboratory tests on percolation leaching. Pelletization was carried out in a drum-type granulator with the Alcotac<sup>®</sup> CB6 reagent (BASF, Germany) consumption of 800 g/t; the moisture content of the granules was 8–10% with a size of 8–10 mm. The composition of the samples was determined based on the data of optical and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, local X-ray spectral, X-ray fluorescence, and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Stale tailings of the Zhezkazgan enrichment plant (Ulytau region, Republic of Kazakhstan) were examined, in which the main part of copper is represented by oxidized minerals (78.47%); content of sulfide minerals is 21.53%. The results of physicochemical studies with the determination of the material composition of the sample and observations on the percolation leaching of copper and silver from the stale tailings of Zhezkazgan are presented. The copper leaching was studied in two stages using a sulfuric acid solution as a solvent. The next stage was the transfer of silver into the solution by cyanidation. Copper extraction into the solution was 88.55% with a sulfuric acid consumption of 80.0 kg/t of tailings, and that of silver was 75.31% with a sodium cyanide consumption of 0.55 kg/t. The studies of two-stage leaching showed the effectiveness of preliminary pelletizing of stale tailings with the Alcotac<sup>®</sup> CB6 reagent. In the process of leaching, the pelletized material features sufficient porosity and permeability and provides access of cyanide solutions to the surface of precious metals.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"65 1","pages":"42 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1134/S1067821224700056
A. V. Balyakin, E. A. Nosova, M. A. Oleinik
<div><p>Both conventional technologies for obtaining workpieces and the additive technological process of direct energy and material feeding (direct energy deposition, DED) are employed for manufacturing bulky workpieces for gas turbine engine parts from heat-resistant nickel-based alloys. The DED technology allows managing a highly coordinated energy impact on the microvolume of the alloy, which ensures obtaining the material structure with higher working characteristics compared to castings. At present, application of nickel material in additive technologies is limited by the ultrafast crystallization processes that cause accumulation of significant internal stresses, which leads to formation of micro- and macrodefects. Heat treatment is recommended for residual stress reduction in the products after the DED process, but optimal modes of such processing of a workpiece are not specified. On the other hand, heat treatment implies obtaining high mechanical properties. For products fabricated by additive methods of surfacing powders with nonequilibrium structure, similar recommendations are insufficient. The place of heat treatment in the general cycle of manufacturing parts is set depending on the requirements for the properties of the product. In most cases, heat treatment is performed after mechanical post-treatment. This is associated with the requirements for high strength, hardness, and wear resistance of the product material. The article studies the effect of various heat treatment modes on the hardness, microstructure, and residual stresses of the samples made of the KhN50VMTYuB heat-resistant nickel-based alloy obtained by the DED technology. The DED technology of workpiece manufacturing from the KhN50VMTYuB alloy leads to a fairly high hardness of about 190 HB. It is well known that the growth of products from the highly alloyed powder of nonequilibrium structure proceeds by rapid cooling, which causes structural changes similar to the aging while heating by a laser beam. Heat treatment of the grown products may be aimed at increasing the machinability by cutting and reducing the warping of products, as a result of the redistribution of residual stresses. In this case, the decrease in hardness may be the criterion of goal achieving. The results of the presented study demonstrate that the most cost-efficient mode of heat treatment for the residual stress removal is the mode consisting in heating up to 1180°C and holding for 4 h with subsequent air cooling, which allows reducing hardness from 191 ± 1 HВ to 135 ± 1 HВ. The lowest hardness values of HB 128 ± 1 were obtained after heating to 1140°C, holding for 4 h, and cooling with a furnace. Air cooling allows obtaining the hardness of HB 130 ± 18. On one hand, this indicates slightly higher hardness values, but deviations are of a higher level, and the level of residual stresses in the annular samples herewith are of the lowest values, which follows from the results of change in the geometr
{"title":"Heat Treatment Effect on the Structure and Properties of Workpieces from Heat-Resistant Nickel Alloys Obtained by Additive Technologies","authors":"A. V. Balyakin, E. A. Nosova, M. A. Oleinik","doi":"10.1134/S1067821224700056","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821224700056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Both conventional technologies for obtaining workpieces and the additive technological process of direct energy and material feeding (direct energy deposition, DED) are employed for manufacturing bulky workpieces for gas turbine engine parts from heat-resistant nickel-based alloys. The DED technology allows managing a highly coordinated energy impact on the microvolume of the alloy, which ensures obtaining the material structure with higher working characteristics compared to castings. At present, application of nickel material in additive technologies is limited by the ultrafast crystallization processes that cause accumulation of significant internal stresses, which leads to formation of micro- and macrodefects. Heat treatment is recommended for residual stress reduction in the products after the DED process, but optimal modes of such processing of a workpiece are not specified. On the other hand, heat treatment implies obtaining high mechanical properties. For products fabricated by additive methods of surfacing powders with nonequilibrium structure, similar recommendations are insufficient. The place of heat treatment in the general cycle of manufacturing parts is set depending on the requirements for the properties of the product. In most cases, heat treatment is performed after mechanical post-treatment. This is associated with the requirements for high strength, hardness, and wear resistance of the product material. The article studies the effect of various heat treatment modes on the hardness, microstructure, and residual stresses of the samples made of the KhN50VMTYuB heat-resistant nickel-based alloy obtained by the DED technology. The DED technology of workpiece manufacturing from the KhN50VMTYuB alloy leads to a fairly high hardness of about 190 HB. It is well known that the growth of products from the highly alloyed powder of nonequilibrium structure proceeds by rapid cooling, which causes structural changes similar to the aging while heating by a laser beam. Heat treatment of the grown products may be aimed at increasing the machinability by cutting and reducing the warping of products, as a result of the redistribution of residual stresses. In this case, the decrease in hardness may be the criterion of goal achieving. The results of the presented study demonstrate that the most cost-efficient mode of heat treatment for the residual stress removal is the mode consisting in heating up to 1180°C and holding for 4 h with subsequent air cooling, which allows reducing hardness from 191 ± 1 HВ to 135 ± 1 HВ. The lowest hardness values of HB 128 ± 1 were obtained after heating to 1140°C, holding for 4 h, and cooling with a furnace. Air cooling allows obtaining the hardness of HB 130 ± 18. On one hand, this indicates slightly higher hardness values, but deviations are of a higher level, and the level of residual stresses in the annular samples herewith are of the lowest values, which follows from the results of change in the geometr","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"65 1","pages":"34 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102678
Fangming Zhang , Kexin Cui , Yixuan Zhou , Boning Niu , Shasha Zhang , Siyu Zhao , Xiong Liu , Tianzi Shi , Li Kong , Conglian Yang , Zhiping Zhang
Liver metastasis is the most common type of colon cancer distant metastasis, characterized by a high incidence and mortality. Irinotecan, an immunogenic cell death inducer, has become the first-line drug for advanced colon cancer liver metastasis. Inevitably, the majority of patients treated with irinotecan experience drug resistance and develop immune escape over time. To amplify the therapeutic effect of irinotecan, a novel dual-amplification strategy was proposed here, using irinotecan, BRD4 PROTAC (MZ1), and PD-L1 siRNA co-delivery system. In this system, MZ1, serving as the primary amplifier module, could harness the cell’s natural degradation process to reduce the protein level of BRD4, thereby managing irinotecan resistance. Meanwhile, PD-L1 siRNA, functioning as the secondary amplifier module, could down-regulate the expression of cell surface protein PD-L1, thus reversing the immune escape. The “minimalist” self-assembly system employed intermolecular non-covalent interactions between drugs and realized simultaneous regulation of intracellular and extracellular proteins in tumor cells. This dual-nanoamplifier effectively inhibited tumor proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and suppressed the growth of colon cancer liver metastasis, providing a potential solution to address the clinical challenges posed by chemotherapy resistance and immune escape associated with irinotecan in the treatment of colon cancer liver metastasis.
{"title":"An immunogenic cell death dual-nanoamplifier for the reverse of chemotherapy resistance and immune escape in metastatic colon cancer","authors":"Fangming Zhang , Kexin Cui , Yixuan Zhou , Boning Niu , Shasha Zhang , Siyu Zhao , Xiong Liu , Tianzi Shi , Li Kong , Conglian Yang , Zhiping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liver metastasis is the most common type of colon cancer distant metastasis, characterized by a high incidence and mortality. Irinotecan, an immunogenic cell death inducer, has become the first-line drug for advanced colon cancer liver metastasis. Inevitably, the majority of patients treated with irinotecan experience drug resistance and develop immune escape over time. To amplify the therapeutic effect of irinotecan, a novel dual-amplification strategy was proposed here, using irinotecan, BRD4 PROTAC (MZ1), and PD-L1 siRNA co-delivery system. In this system, MZ1, serving as the primary amplifier module, could harness the cell’s natural degradation process to reduce the protein level of BRD4, thereby managing irinotecan resistance. Meanwhile, PD-L1 siRNA, functioning as the secondary amplifier module, could down-regulate the expression of cell surface protein PD-L1, thus reversing the immune escape. The “minimalist” self-assembly system employed intermolecular non-covalent interactions between drugs and realized simultaneous regulation of intracellular and extracellular proteins in tumor cells. This dual-nanoamplifier effectively inhibited tumor proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and suppressed the growth of colon cancer liver metastasis, providing a potential solution to address the clinical challenges posed by chemotherapy resistance and immune escape associated with irinotecan in the treatment of colon cancer liver metastasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102678"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hot compression tests were conducted on an ultrahigh-alloyed Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy within a temperature range of 250 to 450°C and a strain rate range of 0.001 to 1 s–1. The effects of strain rate and temperature on the flow curves were analyzed, along with the relationship between flow stress and microstructural evolution. The results indicate that, except for a strain rate of 1 s–1 across all temperatures, the flow curves following the peak stress do not exhibit monotonic work hardening or dynamic softening. In contrast, continuous work hardening is observed at this strain rate. The diverse shapes of the flow curves are attributed to the various precipitates formed due to the high alloying element content. Dynamic recovery (DRV) is identified as the main flow softening mechanism for the ultrahigh-alloyed Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy. While dynamic recrystallization (DRX) contributes to flow softening at a strain rate of 0.001 s–1, the deformed microstructure becomes the predominant softening mechanism at lower temperatures and higher strain rates. Additionally, the low intensity of isotropic texture at higher temperatures and strain rates facilitates DRX, resulting in a decrease in peak stress.
{"title":"Flow Behavior and Microstructure Characterization of an Ultrahigh-Alloyed Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloy","authors":"Xiaorong Yang, Zhifa Wang, Xiongbo Yan, Yinyue Li, Zheming Zhang","doi":"10.1134/S1067821224600807","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821224600807","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hot compression tests were conducted on an ultrahigh-alloyed Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy within a temperature range of 250 to 450°C and a strain rate range of 0.001 to 1 s<sup>–1</sup>. The effects of strain rate and temperature on the flow curves were analyzed, along with the relationship between flow stress and microstructural evolution. The results indicate that, except for a strain rate of 1 s<sup>–1</sup> across all temperatures, the flow curves following the peak stress do not exhibit monotonic work hardening or dynamic softening. In contrast, continuous work hardening is observed at this strain rate. The diverse shapes of the flow curves are attributed to the various precipitates formed due to the high alloying element content. Dynamic recovery (DRV) is identified as the main flow softening mechanism for the ultrahigh-alloyed Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy. While dynamic recrystallization (DRX) contributes to flow softening at a strain rate of 0.001 s<sup>–1</sup>, the deformed microstructure becomes the predominant softening mechanism at lower temperatures and higher strain rates. Additionally, the low intensity of isotropic texture at higher temperatures and strain rates facilitates DRX, resulting in a decrease in peak stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"65 1","pages":"11 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1007/s00107-025-02215-1
Iveta Čabalová, Jozef Krilek, Tatiana Bubeníková, Ivan Ružiak, Miroslav Nemec, Seng Hua Lee, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis, Anna Darabošová, Vladimír Mancel, Lubos Kristak, Luigi Todaro, Valentina Lo Giudice
The objective of this work was to investigate the selected properties of particleboard (PB) containing waste rubber – a mixture of carpets and isolators (GWR) and tires (GWT) from discarded automobiles. Mechanical (tensile strength (IB), bending strength (BS), physical (water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS) after 2 and 24 h of immersion), chemical (volatile compounds - VOC using GC-MS method), thermo-physical (thermal conductivity and diffusivity, specific heat capacity) and sound absorption coefficient were analyzed. In addition, a density profile and microscopic analysis of the particleboards were performed. The addition of 10% rubber to the PB either maintains the IB or improves the BS of the composite. The best results for WA after 24 h (97.94%) and TS after 24 h (30.74%) were achieved for composites containing tire granulates. For this reason, these PBs are the most suitable for utilization in areas with higher humidity. Adding 20% of GWR to PB decreased the total content of VOC emissions by 85% so it can be stated that the rubber probably acts as a VOC sorbent. Control PBs had significantly lower thermal conductivity and diffusivity, and comparable specific heat capacity values than PBs containing GWR and GWT. The best sound insulation properties were obtained for PBs containing 20% of GWR. Microscopic analysis pointed to greater GWT and GWR contents resulting in higher C content in the PB. All PBs containing GWR have a higher mean density compared to that of control, ranging from 597 kg·m−3 to 615 kg·m−3. On the other hand, PB containing GWT had comparable or lower density values.
{"title":"Utilization of waste tire and rubber from automobiles in the manufacturing of particleboards and evaluation of its properties","authors":"Iveta Čabalová, Jozef Krilek, Tatiana Bubeníková, Ivan Ružiak, Miroslav Nemec, Seng Hua Lee, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis, Anna Darabošová, Vladimír Mancel, Lubos Kristak, Luigi Todaro, Valentina Lo Giudice","doi":"10.1007/s00107-025-02215-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00107-025-02215-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this work was to investigate the selected properties of particleboard (PB) containing waste rubber – a mixture of carpets and isolators (GWR) and tires (GWT) from discarded automobiles. Mechanical (tensile strength (IB), bending strength (BS), physical (water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS) after 2 and 24 h of immersion), chemical (volatile compounds - VOC using GC-MS method), thermo-physical (thermal conductivity and diffusivity, specific heat capacity) and sound absorption coefficient were analyzed. In addition, a density profile and microscopic analysis of the particleboards were performed. The addition of 10% rubber to the PB either maintains the IB or improves the BS of the composite. The best results for WA after 24 h (97.94%) and TS after 24 h (30.74%) were achieved for composites containing tire granulates. For this reason, these PBs are the most suitable for utilization in areas with higher humidity. Adding 20% of GWR to PB decreased the total content of VOC emissions by 85% so it can be stated that the rubber probably acts as a VOC sorbent. Control PBs had significantly lower thermal conductivity and diffusivity, and comparable specific heat capacity values than PBs containing GWR and GWT. The best sound insulation properties were obtained for PBs containing 20% of GWR. Microscopic analysis pointed to greater GWT and GWR contents resulting in higher C content in the PB. All PBs containing GWR have a higher mean density compared to that of control, ranging from 597 kg·m<sup>−3</sup> to 615 kg·m<sup>−3</sup>. On the other hand, PB containing GWT had comparable or lower density values.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":550,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products","volume":"83 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-025-02215-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1134/S1067821224700044
N. V. Nemchinova, A. A. Zaitseva
The aim is to conduct research in the field of hydrometallurgical refining of metallurgical silicon. The object of research was metallurgical silicon after oxidative refining from AO Kremnii, part of the United Company RUSAL (Shelekhov, Irkutsk oblast, Russia). The chemical composition of the obtained samples was studied by X-ray fluorescence analysis and X-ray spectral microanalysis. According to elemental analysis, metallurgical silicon contains (wt %) 0.53Al, 0.6094Fe, 0.0491Ti, 0.0628Ca, 0.0066V, 0.002Cr, 0.014Mn, 0.003Cu, 0.010P, 0.007Ba, 0.007Ni, 0.002Zn. It is shown that intermetallic compounds of the following composition were recorded in the studied samples: AlFeSi2 (with an admixture of Ca), FeSi2 (with an admixture of Al), FeSi2Ti (with an admixture of Zr). To reduce the content of impurities in silicon, we selected the following acids as solvents: 10% H2SO4, HCl, and HNO3, as well as 4% HF in various ratios. To study the possibility of reactions of interaction of intermetallic compounds with selected solvents, the values of the Gibbs energy change, which had negative values, were calculated. Experimental leaching of impurities was conducted on silicon samples with particle sizes of –200 μm under constant stirring using a magnetic stirrer. The process parameters included a temperature of 60°C, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 5 : 1, and a purification duration of 60 min. It was found that using a solvent mixture of sulfuric and hydrofluoric acids in a 1 : 1 ratio achieved the highest degree of silicon purification, with an impurity removal rate of 86.85%. It is shown that when using a mixture of sulfuric and hydrochloric acids in a ratio of 1 : 3, the degree of purification of metallurgical silicon was 41.48%. In this way, solvents that enable maximum purification of silicon from impurity elements were identified.
{"title":"Improving the Quality of Metallurgical-Grade Silicon by Acid Leaching","authors":"N. V. Nemchinova, A. A. Zaitseva","doi":"10.1134/S1067821224700044","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821224700044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim is to conduct research in the field of hydrometallurgical refining of metallurgical silicon. The object of research was metallurgical silicon after oxidative refining from AO Kremnii, part of the United Company RUSAL (Shelekhov, Irkutsk oblast, Russia). The chemical composition of the obtained samples was studied by X-ray fluorescence analysis and X-ray spectral microanalysis. According to elemental analysis, metallurgical silicon contains (wt %) 0.53Al, 0.6094Fe, 0.0491Ti, 0.0628Ca, 0.0066V, 0.002Cr, 0.014Mn, 0.003Cu, 0.010P, 0.007Ba, 0.007Ni, 0.002Zn. It is shown that intermetallic compounds of the following composition were recorded in the studied samples: AlFeSi<sub>2</sub> (with an admixture of Ca), FeSi<sub>2</sub> (with an admixture of Al), FeSi<sub>2</sub>Ti (with an admixture of Zr). To reduce the content of impurities in silicon, we selected the following acids as solvents: 10% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, HCl, and HNO<sub>3</sub>, as well as 4% HF in various ratios. To study the possibility of reactions of interaction of intermetallic compounds with selected solvents, the values of the Gibbs energy change, which had negative values, were calculated. Experimental leaching of impurities was conducted on silicon samples with particle sizes of –200 μm under constant stirring using a magnetic stirrer. The process parameters included a temperature of 60°C, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 5 : 1, and a purification duration of 60 min. It was found that using a solvent mixture of sulfuric and hydrofluoric acids in a 1 : 1 ratio achieved the highest degree of silicon purification, with an impurity removal rate of 86.85%. It is shown that when using a mixture of sulfuric and hydrochloric acids in a ratio of 1 : 3, the degree of purification of metallurgical silicon was 41.48%. In this way, solvents that enable maximum purification of silicon from impurity elements were identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"65 1","pages":"59 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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