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Nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) effectively eliminates skin tumors in a mouse model of UV-induced carcinogenesis with a short-term treatment regimen
IF 3.261 Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100258
Szabolcs Bozsányi , Ruby Acquah , Rhea Carmel Glen Rodrigues , Erin C. Tracy , Sean P. Murphy , Gregory Fridman , Wendy J. Huss , Peter C. Friedman , Gyorgy Paragh

Introduction

Nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) therapy has emerged as a promising modality in dermatology for wound healing, tissue regeneration, and anti-tumor applications. This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of a simple, one-week NTAPP treatment protocol in the SKH1 hairless mouse model of chronic ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced carcinogenesis.

Materials and methods

SKH1 mice were exposed to solar-simulated UV light 5 times a week for 10 weeks, which produced multiple skin tumors on each mouse. At week 25 NTAPP treatment was administered to a subgroup of mice at a setting of 20 kV with a 20 ns pulse width and 200 Hz frequency three times within a single week. A total of 31 NTAPP-treated and 34 internal control tumors (i.e., nearby tumors on the same mouse) in UV-exposed, NTAPP-treated mice were evaluated for tumor size at 0 and 28 days after the beginning of the treatment by using ImageJ on standardized photographs. A subset of the tumors was also assessed with a 33 MHz high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) to measure vertical tumor thickness. In similarly housed control mice, sizes of 64 tumors were evaluated as external controls.

Results

NTAPP induced a significant reduction in the mean tumor area from 5.65 ± 6.51 mm² before treatment to 1.74 ± 3.99 mm² 28 days post-treatment (paired t-test, p = 0.0016). Internal control tumors, in contrast, showed an increase in area from 3.24 ± 2.54 mm² before treatment to 4.57 ± 3.58 mm² 28 days post-treatment (paired t-test, p = 0.0296). Of the 31 treated tumors, 23 completely disappeared; in contrast, only six non-treated internal control tumors disappeared (p = 0.0139, two-sided chi-square test). Simultaneously, optically guided HFUS revealed a significant decrease in tumor thickness in treated areas (paired t-test, p = 0.0006), with no significant changes observed in the internal control tumors (paired t-test, p = 0.5555). External control tumors showed an increase in size, which was not statistically significant.

Discussion

The results demonstrated that a one-week NTAPP protocol could effectively eliminate 74 % of mouse tumors induced by UV radiation. These findings warrant further investigations of short, clinically feasible NTAPP treatment protocols for early skin cancer treatment.
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced performance of Bi2S3/TiO2 heterostructure composite films for solar cell applications
IF 3.261 Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100256
Saket Mathur , Victoria Bishop , Andrew Swindle , Wei Wei
Day to day energy production is shifting towards renewable energy sources as these sources become more economically viable while being less polluting to operate; solar energy has become one of the major sources of renewable energy. However, it currently relies on ultra-pure silicon ingots to produce commercial silicon photovoltaics, which prevents the cost of electricity being produced to compete with non-renewable energy production. A viable low-cost alternative for silicon based cells would be dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which are easier and cheaper to manufacture as they do not require expensive and delicate raw materials to make. Moreover, they could be made semi-flexible which allows for a greater variety of applications. A DSSC consists of three components, a photo-electrode, an electrolyte and a counter-electrode. When exposed to incident light, the complex photosensitizers in the photoelectrode release electrons which are transported to the external load, leaving the photoelectrode in an oxidized state. The electrons are collected by the counter electrode and used to reduce the electrolyte. This charged electrolyte then reduces the positively charged photoelectrode, allowing the process to begin again. To improve the efficiency of this process, we explore the use of bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) and titanium oxide (TiO2) composite as photoelectrode material and investigate their impact on the efficiency of DSSC.
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引用次数: 0
Phytoreduced gold nanoparticles from vitalmelon promote white adipocyte browning in murine cells by targeting phospholipase D2
IF 3.261 Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100254
Sun Young Park , He mi Kang , Kangmin Park , Lu Guo , Jin-Woo Oh , Geuntae Park , Nam Jun Kang , Young-Whan Choi
Recent advancements in green nanotechnology have enabled the synthesis of nanoparticles using natural resources, thereby offering ecofriendly alternatives for various biomedical applications. In this study, we report the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using vitalmelon (VW) extract (VW-GNPs) without the need for stabilizers or surfactants. The VW extract served as a reducing and a stabilizing agent. The synthesized VW-GNPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results revealed successful synthesis of VW-GNPs with an average size of 35.41 ± 2.37 nm and a zeta potential of -28.16 ± 1.01 mV, indicating good stability. The biological activity of VW-GNPs was evaluated in lipogenesis and browning of differentiating white adipocytes, focusing on their effects on lipid droplet formation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and expression of browning markers such as UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC1α. VW-GNPs significantly reduced lipid accumulation in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and promoted the conversion of white adipocytes into metabolically active beige adipocytes. Moreover, VW-GNPs enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, which is crucial for energy expenditure in beige adipocytes. Further investigation using pharmacological inhibition and knockdown experiments revealed that phospholipase D2 inhibition synergistically promoted the browning effects of VW-GNPs. These findings suggest that VW-GNPs represent a promising novel therapeutic strategy to combat obesity by modulating adipocyte metabolism and increasing energy expenditure via adipocyte browning.
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引用次数: 0
A comprehensive review on integrated photo rechargeable batteries- supercapacitors, and their techno-economic feasibility
IF 3.261 Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100257
Jyoti Bhattacharjee, Subhasis Roy
Solar energy is a cost-effective replacement for traditional fossil fuels since it is a green, renewable energy source. Direct solar energy conversion and storage using electrochemistry have been proposed. In this context, the need to create high-performance integrated devices based on solar energy conversion components such as solar cells, photoelectrodes, and electrochemical energy storage components has increased. Carbon and functional materials based on carbon play a major role in the performance of energy conversion/storage components. The techno-economic performance of two alternative hybrid energy storage system designs of the supercapacitor and photo rechargeable battery systems are compared in this review paper. The importance and impact of photoactive nanomaterials acting as photoelectrodes in embedded photo batteries result from their structure, topology, and pertinent for photo charging and Li-ion storage; this photo battery uses highly photosensitive two-dimensional lead halide perovskites. Integrating lithium-ion batteries (LIB) with fast-charging supercapacitors (SCs) decreases the time storage technologies take compared to conventional systems. The important role of carbon‐based materials in integrated devices has been highlighted. The optimized electric renewable model was used to analyze the techno-economic analysis of the fast-charging lithium-ion battery (FCLIB) proposal. The fundamentals of integrated devices are presented, emphasizing the functions performed by carbon-based materials in these hybrid energy devices. This review also highlights the importance of integrated devices, photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical rechargeable batteries, and supercapacitors and their techno-economic viability, challenges, and future development.
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引用次数: 0
Effects of P1G10 against UVB-induced damage: Reduction of antioxidant stress, inflammation and cell proliferation
IF 3.261 Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100255
Kátia M. Freitas , Emerson S. Veloso , Ênio Ferreira , Marcelo V. Caliari , Carlos E. Salas , Miriam T.P. Lopes

Background

P1G10 is the proteolytic fraction from Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis latex equivalent to papain from C. papaya. It acts as healing enhancer in diverse wound scenarios. In a preliminary study P1G10 showed promising anti-inflammatory activity in lesions induced by single dose UVB irradiation.

Aim

The present study assesses the impact of P1G10 topically applied on mice lesions induced by multiple UVB doses.

Results

After repeated exposure to 240 mJ cm-2 UVB, P1G10 decreased by ∼50 % the detected ROS, enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase activities, thereby protecting against oxidative stress. The anti-inflammatory effect of the fraction was consolidated by reduction in TNF-α (∼70 %) and IL1β (∼90 %) and confirmed by histological analyses showing a reduction in cellularity and leukocyte infiltration into the hypodermis. Additionally, epidermal hyperplasia induced by UVB was reduced as shown by a decrease of PCNA immunolabeling in keratinocytes. Pathways involved in the inflammatory process and in UVB-induced production of free radicals were also affected, revealing that P1G10 application reduced phosphorylation of MAP kinase proteins (JNK and P38) and Akt, as well as MMP-9 activity.

Conclusions

These data confirm the lasting protective action of P1G10 by moderating oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by multiple doses of UV-B in the skin, suggesting a potential preventive action against the onset of carcinogenesis.
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引用次数: 0
An interplay of light and temperature: Vitamin D3 formation in vitro, a model for in vivo plant studies 光和温度的相互作用维生素 D3 在体外形成,植物体内研究的模型
IF 3.261 Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100253
Maria Fitzner , Natalie Cunningham , Marcel AK Jansen
Vitamin D deficiency is a global issue that requires attention, given its essential functions in the human body. The synthesis of vitamin D3 in the human skin is subject to limitations related to the availability of UV radiation, which can be particularly limited at higher latitudes, especially during the winter months. Additionally, vitamin D3 can be acquired through diet. Given that most vitamin D sources are animal-based, the discovery of vitamin D3 in plants is of particular interest to those following vegan or vegetarian diets. While the characteristics of vitamin D biosynthesis in the human skin are well established, there is a lack of knowledge regarding biosynthesis in plants. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of several factors, including light, temperature, and plant matrix compounds, on the vitamin D3 conversion reaction. The formation of previtamin D3 from 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) was demonstrated to be dependent on UVC and UVB light, while the subsequent formation of vitamin D3 from previtamin D3 was shown to be dependent on temperature. Exposure to longer UV wavelengths led to a relative increase in lumisterol content. Furthermore, a concentration-dependent effect of UV-absorbing compounds was observed. These novel insights into the formation of vitamin D3 will underpin future strategies aimed at optimising vitamin D3 content in crop species.
鉴于维生素 D 在人体中的重要功能,维生素 D 缺乏症是一个需要关注的全球性问题。人体皮肤中维生素 D3 的合成受到紫外线辐射的限制,在高纬度地区,尤其是在冬季,紫外线辐射尤其有限。此外,维生素 D3 还可以通过饮食获得。鉴于大多数维生素 D 的来源都是动物性的,因此植物中维生素 D3 的发现对于那些素食主义者来说尤其重要。虽然维生素 D 在人体皮肤中的生物合成特点已得到公认,但人们对植物中的生物合成还缺乏了解。本研究旨在评估光照、温度和植物基质化合物等因素对维生素 D3 转化反应的影响。研究证明,前维生素 D3 由 7-脱氢胆固醇(7-DHC)形成取决于紫外线和 UVB 光,而随后由前维生素 D3 形成维生素 D3 则取决于温度。暴露在较长的紫外线波长下,紫杉醇的含量会相对增加。此外,还观察到紫外线吸收化合物的浓度效应。这些关于维生素 D3 形成的新见解将为未来旨在优化作物中维生素 D3 含量的战略提供依据。
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引用次数: 0
Strategies for overcoming the lung surfactant barrier and achieving success in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy 克服肺表面活性物质障碍并成功进行抗菌光动力疗法的策略
IF 3.261 Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100252
Isabelle Almeida de Lima , Lorraine Gabriele Fiuza , Johan Sebastián Díaz Tovar , Dianeth Sara Lima Bejar , Ana Julia Barbosa Tomé , Michelle Barreto Requena , Layla Pires , Gang Zheng , Natalia Mayumi Inada , Cristina Kurachi , Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
The impressive increase in antimicrobial resistance has required the development of alternative treatments that act on multiple non-specific molecular targets and are effective against a broad range of microorganisms. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) is based on microbial inactivation from oxidative stress and represents an important tool for inactivating microorganisms with low risk of resistance selection. Therefore, our research group has been devoted to demonstrating its effectiveness against pathogens that cause pneumonia, one of the most lethal infections worldwide. Previous studies reported the efficiency and safety of an in vitro photoinactivation protocol for Streptococcus pneumoniae and the delivery of infrared light (external illumination) and photosensitizer (PS) in an animal model. However, the in vivo inactivation of microorganisms still poses challenges due to the presence of lung surfactant (LS), which traps PSs, preventing them from reaching the microbial target. This study investigated different approaches such as use of emulsifiers, perfluorocarbon, oxygen nanobubbles, and copolymer towards overcoming LS and optimizing aPDT response. The most promising strategy consisted in combining indocyanine green (ICG) with GantrezTM AN-139 - a Polyvinyl Methyl Ether/Maleic Anhydride copolymer (PVM/MA) – showing high microbial inactivation and safety for human lung epithelial (A549) and fibroblast (MRC-9) cell lines. The in vitro experiments provided an alternative to overcome the limited PS distribution through LS and will serve as the basis for in vivo studies.
抗菌药耐药性的显著增加要求开发能作用于多个非特异性分子靶点、对多种微生物有效的替代治疗方法。抗菌光动力疗法(aPDT)基于氧化应激对微生物的灭活作用,是一种灭活微生物的重要工具,而且产生耐药性的风险很低。因此,我们的研究小组一直致力于证明它对肺炎病原体的有效性,肺炎是全球最致命的感染之一。之前的研究报告显示,体外光灭活肺炎链球菌的方案以及在动物模型中输送红外光(外部照明)和光敏剂(PS)的方法既有效又安全。然而,由于肺表面活性物质(LS)的存在会捕获光敏剂,使其无法到达微生物目标,因此在体内灭活微生物仍面临挑战。本研究调查了不同的方法,如使用乳化剂、全氟化碳、氧纳米气泡和共聚物,以克服肺表面活性剂并优化 aPDT 反应。最有前景的策略是将吲哚菁绿(ICG)与 GantrezTM AN-139 结合使用,GantrezTM AN-139 是一种聚乙烯醇甲基醚/马来酸酐共聚物(PVM/MA),对人肺部上皮细胞(A549)和成纤维细胞(MRC-9)具有很高的微生物灭活能力和安全性。体外实验为克服 PS 通过 LS 的有限分布提供了一种替代方法,并将作为体内研究的基础。
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引用次数: 0
In vivo measurement of nitric oxide release from intact human skin post photobiomodulation using visible and near-infrared light: A chemiluminescence detection study 使用可见光和近红外线在体内测量光生物调制后完整人体皮肤释放的一氧化氮:化学发光检测研究
IF 3.261 Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100250
Augustin C. Barolet , Lucie Germain , Daniel Barolet

Significance: This study investigates the therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation (PBM) using visible and near-infrared (NIR) light on nitric oxide (NO) release from intact human skin. Given NO's critical role in physiological processes such as wound healing, inflammation control, and vasodilation, this research could lead to innovative non-invasive treatments.

Aim: The primary aim was to explore how PBM at different wavelengths affects NO release from human skin. Custom-built airtight sleeves equipped with gas ports were used to measure NO levels, assessing the impact of three specific wavelengths of light (455 nm, 660 nm, and 850 nm).

Approach: Eighteen healthy participants had their forearms enclosed in airtight sleeves. The skin was irradiated with the specified wavelengths at a fluence of 45 J/cm² and an irradiance of 50 mW/cm² for 15 min. NO levels were quantified after irradiation using chemiluminescence detection (CLD), which measures the chemiluminescent reaction of NO with ozone (O3) for real-time analysis.

Results: Significant differences in NO release were observed among the wavelengths tested, indicating that PBM stimulates NO release from intact human skin.

Conclusions: The study provides strong evidence that PBM using visible and NIR light can enhance NO release from human skin, suggesting potential therapeutic applications for conditions involving NO. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind PBM-induced NO release and its clinical implications.

意义重大:本研究探讨了利用可见光和近红外光进行光生物调节(PBM)对完整人体皮肤释放一氧化氮(NO)的治疗潜力。鉴于一氧化氮在伤口愈合、炎症控制和血管扩张等生理过程中的关键作用,这项研究可能会带来创新的非侵入性治疗方法。方法:18 名健康参与者在前臂上涂抹了一层PBM,并在前臂上安装了一个带有气孔的定制密闭套,用于测量NO 水平,评估三种特定波长的光(455 nm、660 nm 和 850 nm)对NO 的影响:方法:18 名健康参与者的前臂被包裹在密闭套筒中。方法:将 18 名健康参与者的前臂包裹在密闭的袖子中,用指定波长的光以 45 J/cm²、50 mW/cm² 的辐照度照射皮肤 15 分钟。利用化学发光检测(CLD)对照射后的 NO 含量进行量化,该方法测量 NO 与臭氧(O3)的化学发光反应,以进行实时分析:结果:在不同波长的测试中观察到 NO 释放量的显著差异,表明 PBM 能刺激完整人体皮肤释放 NO:这项研究提供了强有力的证据,证明使用可见光和近红外光的 PBM 可以增强人体皮肤的 NO 释放,从而为涉及 NO 的疾病提供了潜在的治疗应用。要了解 PBM 诱导 NO 释放背后的机制及其临床意义,还需要进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Adaption of in vitro and in chemico phototoxicity tests for tattoo pigments and the effect of adsorption of the phototoxic contaminant benzo[a]pyrene to carbon black 纹身颜料的体外和化学光毒性测试的适应性以及光毒性污染物苯并[a]芘对炭黑的吸附作用
IF 3.261 Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100249
Susanne Kochs , Lena Panse , Sandra Schiewe , Urs Schlegel , Anja Schreiber , Aseel Alsarahni , Urs Hauri , Ines Schreiver

Phototoxicity plays an important role in tattoo toxicology due to the skin's daily exposure to sunlight and the permanent deposition of pigments in skin. Here, we investigated in chemico reactive oxygen species generation using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and in vitro phototoxicity towards skin fibroblasts based on the OECD Test Guideline 432.

Proficiency substances, titanium dioxide (TiO2, anatase 30 nm, anatase 100 nm, rutile 30 nm), pigment red 22 (PR 22) with and without purification and carbon black (CB) were investigated. Phototoxic properties of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) were investigated with and without adsorption to CB. Pigments were characterised by dynamic light scattering.

All proficiency substances except for norfloxacin were predicted successfully and only TiO2 anatase exhibited phototoxicity in the cell-based approach. B[a]P showed the expected phototoxicity in contrast to B[a]P bound to carbon black. Upon UVA irradiation, only TiO2 pigment anatase and PR 22 generated ROS in the cell-free assay. DLS measurements showed a high degree of polydispersity/agglomeration.

OECD Test Guideline 432 should be applied with an incubation time of 24 h when testing highly insoluble pigments. The in chemico ROS assay introduced below might serve as a quick screening test but may be further adapted to predict the in vitro outcome.

由于皮肤每天都暴露在阳光下,而且色素会永久沉积在皮肤中,因此光毒性在纹身毒理学中起着重要作用。在此,我们使用 2′,7′-二氯二氢荧光素二乙酸酯研究了化学活性氧的生成,并根据《经合组织测试指南》第 432 条研究了对皮肤成纤维细胞的体外光毒性。我们研究了能力物质、二氧化钛(TiO2,锐钛型 30 纳米、锐钛型 100 纳米、金红石型 30 纳米)、纯化和未纯化的颜料红 22(PR 22)以及炭黑(CB)。研究了炭黑吸附或不吸附苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)的光毒性特性。在基于细胞的方法中,除诺氟沙星外,所有熟练物质都被成功预测,只有锐钛矿二氧化钛表现出光毒性。与结合到炭黑中的 B[a]P 相反,B[a]P 表现出预期的光毒性。在无细胞试验中,经 UVA 照射后,只有锐钛矿二氧化钛颜料和 PR 22 产生了 ROS。DLS 测量结果表明颜料具有高度的多分散性/团聚性。在测试高难溶性颜料时,应采用 OECD 测试指南 432,孵育时间为 24 小时。下面介绍的化学 ROS 分析法可作为快速筛选试验,但也可进一步调整以预测体外结果。
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引用次数: 0
Dedicated to Professor Kazuhiko Mizuno on the occasion of his 75th birthday celebration 在水野和彦教授 75 岁生日之际献给他
IF 3.261 Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100248
Yasuharu Yoshimi , Hiroshi Ikeda , Shinsuke Takagi
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
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