Pub Date : 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2026.100278
Simon P. Hager , Bettina Herbig , Valentin Müller , Antonia K. Dreßel , Katharina E. Dehm , Karl Mandel , Susanne Wintzheimer , Ryan W. Crisp
Electrospun nanofiber composites are a promising platform for integrating photocatalytic and electrocatalytic functionalities in environmental remediation technologies. In this study, we report the fabrication, structural characterization, and photo(electro)catalytic evaluation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-derived carbon nanofibers embedded with TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). The NPs are synthesized via two distinct routes: a hydrothermally assisted sol-gel process (SG) and commercial flame-pyrolyzed P25. Aiming for a direct comparison, both fiber types were produced using identical electrospinning conditions and were thermally converted into conductive NP-carbon composites. The fibers containing TiO2 from the SG process exhibit a more homogeneous TiO2 distribution, reduced agglomeration, higher surface area (200 m²/g vs. 78 m²/g), and superior photocatalytic degradation rates of a model organic contaminant, rhodamine B (RhB), outperforming P25-containing fibers even when normalized by surface area. Photoelectrochemical measurements further demonstrate enhanced reaction kinetics under a −0.55 V bias compared to photocatalytic or electrocatalytic conditions alone, confirming the viability of these nanofiber composites for integrated photoelectrocatalysis. These findings highlight the benefits of combining SG-NP synthesis with electrospinning to develop flexible high-performance materials for pollutant degradation applications.
{"title":"Electrospun carbon-TiO₂ composite nanofibers for environmental photoelectrocatalysis","authors":"Simon P. Hager , Bettina Herbig , Valentin Müller , Antonia K. Dreßel , Katharina E. Dehm , Karl Mandel , Susanne Wintzheimer , Ryan W. Crisp","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2026.100278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2026.100278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrospun nanofiber composites are a promising platform for integrating photocatalytic and electrocatalytic functionalities in environmental remediation technologies. In this study, we report the fabrication, structural characterization, and photo(electro)catalytic evaluation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-derived carbon nanofibers embedded with TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (NPs). The NPs are synthesized via two distinct routes: a hydrothermally assisted sol-gel process (SG) and commercial flame-pyrolyzed P25. Aiming for a direct comparison, both fiber types were produced using identical electrospinning conditions and were thermally converted into conductive NP-carbon composites. The fibers containing TiO<sub>2</sub> from the SG process exhibit a more homogeneous TiO<sub>2</sub> distribution, reduced agglomeration, higher surface area (200 m²/g vs. 78 m²/g), and superior photocatalytic degradation rates of a model organic contaminant, rhodamine B (RhB), outperforming P25-containing fibers even when normalized by surface area. Photoelectrochemical measurements further demonstrate enhanced reaction kinetics under a −0.55 V bias compared to photocatalytic or electrocatalytic conditions alone, confirming the viability of these nanofiber composites for integrated photoelectrocatalysis. These findings highlight the benefits of combining SG-NP synthesis with electrospinning to develop flexible high-performance materials for pollutant degradation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100275
V N Reena , K Subin Kumar , B Nithyaja
Schiff base ligands are widely recognized for their exceptional metal-coordination abilities, structural tunability, and strong optical responsiveness, making them valuable platforms for chemical sensing technologies. In this study, we investigate the metal-ion sensing behaviour of the Schiff base ligand, 3-((2-(-(1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)amino)ethyl)imino)-2-pentone, using a combination of UV–visible absorption, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopic techniques. The ligand exhibits prominent and selective responses toward different transition metal ions: a distinct naked-eye colour change and optical selectivity for Fe³⁺ in solution, significant fluorescence enhancement upon interaction with Ni²⁺, and characteristic Raman spectral signatures for Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ when incorporated into a thin film. A solid-state Raman sensor was further developed by immobilizing the ligand as a thin film enabling selective and stable metal–ligand interactions under ambient conditions. These findings underscore the versatility of Schiff base ligands and their strong potential for designing multifunctional solution-phase and solid-state sensors for transition metal ions.
{"title":"Design and development of a Schiff base–based sensor aiding different spectroscopic techniques for metal ion detection via optical and Raman methods","authors":"V N Reena , K Subin Kumar , B Nithyaja","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Schiff base ligands are widely recognized for their exceptional metal-coordination abilities, structural tunability, and strong optical responsiveness, making them valuable platforms for chemical sensing technologies. In this study, we investigate the metal-ion sensing behaviour of the Schiff base ligand, <em>3-((2-(-(1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)amino)ethyl)imino)-2-pentone,</em> using a combination of UV–visible absorption, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopic techniques. The ligand exhibits prominent and selective responses toward different transition metal ions: a distinct naked-eye colour change and optical selectivity for Fe³⁺ in solution, significant fluorescence enhancement upon interaction with Ni²⁺, and characteristic Raman spectral signatures for Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ when incorporated into a thin film. A solid-state Raman sensor was further developed by immobilizing the ligand as a thin film enabling selective and stable metal–ligand interactions under ambient conditions. These findings underscore the versatility of Schiff base ligands and their strong potential for designing multifunctional solution-phase and solid-state sensors for transition metal ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100275"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100274
Shawn Swavey , Arnaud Quentel , Erika Swavey , Cynthia Bukirwa , Alan Swavey , Pierre-Alexandre Vidi
Targeting specific cellular organelles has become an important facet of cancer therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which spatially targets tumours, may also benefit from photosensitizers capable of localizing within specific cellular organelles. This report details the straightforward synthesis, characterization, photophysical properties, and biological effects of new cationic BODIPY (BDP) dyes capable of specific localization within cellular mitochondria—BDP-mito1 and its iodinated congener BDP-mito2. BDP-mito2 generates singlet oxygen with a quantum yield (ϕΔ) of 0.64. In addition to Type II mechanism, we present evidence of production of superoxide radicals (Type I mechanism). Studies under physiological environment show that BDP-mito2 photo-reacts with plasmid DNA when irradiated with low energy light < 550 nm. Cell studies show mitochondrial localization of BDP-mito1 and BDP-mito2. There was no dark toxicity but dramatic phototoxicity of BDP-mito2 (IC50 230 nM) towards an aggressive breast cancer cell line when irradiated near the PDT window for maximum penetration. Viability loss due to phototoxicity was less pronounced in non-neoplastic breast epithelial cells suggesting greater efficacy within tumour cells. We foresee this report will spur new developments for sub-cellular targeting of cancer cell vulnerabilities in PDT.
{"title":"Mitochondrial targeting of BODIPY photosensitizer with enhanced phototoxicity toward aggressive breast cancer cells compared to non-neoplastic breast epithelial cells","authors":"Shawn Swavey , Arnaud Quentel , Erika Swavey , Cynthia Bukirwa , Alan Swavey , Pierre-Alexandre Vidi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Targeting specific cellular organelles has become an important facet of cancer therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which spatially targets tumours, may also benefit from photosensitizers capable of localizing within specific cellular organelles. This report details the straightforward synthesis, characterization, photophysical properties, and biological effects of new cationic BODIPY (BDP) dyes capable of specific localization within cellular mitochondria—<strong>BDP-mito1</strong> and its iodinated congener <strong>BDP-mito2. BDP-mito2</strong> generates singlet oxygen with a quantum yield (ϕ<sub>Δ</sub>) of 0.64. In addition to Type II mechanism, we present evidence of production of superoxide radicals (Type I mechanism). Studies under physiological environment show that <strong>BDP-mito2</strong> photo-reacts with plasmid DNA when irradiated with low energy light < 550 nm. Cell studies show mitochondrial localization of <strong>BDP-mito1</strong> and <strong>BDP-mito2</strong>. There was no dark toxicity but dramatic phototoxicity of <strong>BDP-mito2</strong> (IC50 230 nM) towards an aggressive breast cancer cell line when irradiated near the PDT window for maximum penetration. Viability loss due to phototoxicity was less pronounced in non-neoplastic breast epithelial cells suggesting greater efficacy within tumour cells. We foresee this report will spur new developments for sub-cellular targeting of cancer cell vulnerabilities in PDT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100273
Fanyana M Mtunzi , Ntaote David Shooto , Bamidele Joseph Okoli , Jagdeep Kumar , Teketel Girma Gindose
Increasing industrialization and growth in the global population are driving a greater demand for clean energy and environmental sustainability. This has led to the demand for alternative renewable energy sources. Many nations cannot offer potable water to society due to the different pollutants released from industries. This study produced a novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-assisted TiO2-g-C3N4 composite using the hydrothermal method for Rhodamine B degradation and photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Pristine materials TiO2 and g-C3N4 were prepared through hydrothermal and polymerization of melamine, respectively. Advanced characterization techniques were used to explore chemical bonding, crystallite size, surface area, surface morphology, optical, and electrochemical properties. TiO2-g-C3N4 showed a notable improvement in bandgap and surface area as compared to pristine materials. This enhancement is possibly due to the synergetic effects of the two materials. The highest degradation percentage of RhB (98.4%) and production of H2 (16.2 mmol g-1h-1) were achieved for TiO2-g-C3N4 composite at a pH of 9, 70 mg/L catalyst load, and 10 mg/L RhB dye. Additionally, the TiO2-g-C3N4 composite shows the maximum kinetic rate constant, which is 5.8 and 3.9-fold greater than that of TiO2 and g-C3N4, respectively. This enhancement is possibly due to the synergetic effects of the two materials. The optimization of pH, initial dye concentration, and catalyst load was explored. Comparatively, the maximum efficiency of dye degradation and H2 gas evolution was observed at a pH of 9, 70 mg/L catalyst load, and 10 mg/L RhB dye. The stability of the TiO2-g-C3N4 composite from the first cycle (98%) to the six cycle (89%) was confirmed using XRD and DRS techniques. A possible mechanism of photocatalysis was proposed using the TiO2 and g-C3N4 photocatalysts.
{"title":"High-performance photocatalytic hydrogen generation and rhodamine B degradation by TiO2 modified g-C3N4 photocatalysts","authors":"Fanyana M Mtunzi , Ntaote David Shooto , Bamidele Joseph Okoli , Jagdeep Kumar , Teketel Girma Gindose","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing industrialization and growth in the global population are driving a greater demand for clean energy and environmental sustainability. This has led to the demand for alternative renewable energy sources. Many nations cannot offer potable water to society due to the different pollutants released from industries. This study produced a novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-assisted TiO<sub>2</sub>-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composite using the hydrothermal method for Rhodamine B degradation and photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Pristine materials TiO<sub>2</sub> and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> were prepared through hydrothermal and polymerization of melamine, respectively. Advanced characterization techniques were used to explore chemical bonding, crystallite size, surface area, surface morphology, optical, and electrochemical properties. TiO<sub>2</sub>-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> showed a notable improvement in bandgap and surface area as compared to pristine materials. This enhancement is possibly due to the synergetic effects of the two materials. The highest degradation percentage of RhB (98.4%) and production of H<sub>2</sub> (16.2 mmol g<sup>-1</sup>h<sup>-1</sup>) were achieved for TiO<sub>2</sub>-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composite at a pH of 9, 70 mg/L catalyst load, and 10 mg/L RhB dye. Additionally, the TiO<sub>2</sub>-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composite shows the maximum kinetic rate constant, which is 5.8 and 3.9-fold greater than that of TiO<sub>2</sub> and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, respectively. This enhancement is possibly due to the synergetic effects of the two materials. The optimization of pH, initial dye concentration, and catalyst load was explored. Comparatively, the maximum efficiency of dye degradation and H<sub>2</sub> gas evolution was observed at a pH of 9, 70 mg/L catalyst load, and 10 mg/L RhB dye. The stability of the TiO<sub>2</sub>-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composite from the first cycle (98%) to the six cycle (89%) was confirmed using XRD and DRS techniques. A possible mechanism of photocatalysis was proposed using the TiO<sub>2</sub> and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100271
Hae Dun Kim , Suji Im , Eun-Jin Jeong , Ki Soo Han , Yeok Boo Chang , Hyun Jung Lee
This study examined the effects of galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin photoaging in hairless mice. GOS was orally administered at a low dose (OL, 200 mg/kg) and a high dose (OH, 400 mg/kg) and its impact on skin parameters and wrinkle formation was assessed. qRT-PCR and western blotting were performed to analyze skin-related genes and inflammatory factors, along with cecal microbiome analysis. The OH group showed significant improvements in skin moisture retention, skin thickness, erythema, and transepidermal water loss, as well as a reduction in wrinkle formation. Additionally, OH increased hyaluronic acid content in skin tissue and upregulated the mRNA expression of collagen type I alpha 1 chain, filaggrin, and aquaporin 3. Furthermore, OH treatment significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors, and decreased IκB phosphorylation, indicating its role in regulating oxidative stress and inflammation. Notably, the gut microbiota composition in OH showed a significant difference from that of UVB-C, with a marked increase in Adlercreutzia, Mediterraneibacter, and Paramuribaculum. In conclusion, our findings suggest that GOS may alleviate UVB-induced photoaging by modulating gut microbiota and inhibiting ROS production, highlighting its potential as a gut-skin axis modulator for skin health and photoaging prevention.
{"title":"Effects of oral administration of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on photoaging via gut microbiota modulation and oxidative stress regulation in UVB-irradiated mice","authors":"Hae Dun Kim , Suji Im , Eun-Jin Jeong , Ki Soo Han , Yeok Boo Chang , Hyun Jung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the effects of galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin photoaging in hairless mice. GOS was orally administered at a low dose (OL, 200 mg/kg) and a high dose (OH, 400 mg/kg) and its impact on skin parameters and wrinkle formation was assessed. qRT-PCR and western blotting were performed to analyze skin-related genes and inflammatory factors, along with cecal microbiome analysis. The OH group showed significant improvements in skin moisture retention, skin thickness, erythema, and transepidermal water loss, as well as a reduction in wrinkle formation. Additionally, OH increased hyaluronic acid content in skin tissue and upregulated the mRNA expression of collagen type I alpha 1 chain, filaggrin, and aquaporin 3. Furthermore, OH treatment significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors, and decreased IκB phosphorylation, indicating its role in regulating oxidative stress and inflammation. Notably, the gut microbiota composition in OH showed a significant difference from that of UVB-C, with a marked increase in <em>Adlercreutzia, Mediterraneibacter</em>, and <em>Paramuribaculum</em>. In conclusion, our findings suggest that GOS may alleviate UVB-induced photoaging by modulating gut microbiota and inhibiting ROS production, highlighting its potential as a gut-skin axis modulator for skin health and photoaging prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145718551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100272
Jana Kalinová , Daniel Appenroth , Yves Bigot , Richard J. McDowell , Saba Notash , Robert J. Lucas , Alexander C. West , Shona H. Wood , Hugues Dardente , David G. Hazlerigg
Photoperiodic time measurement is the process through which annual changes in daylength are integrated to synchronize seasonal physiological and behavioral responses. Unlike mammals, which detect light exclusively through the eyes, birds possess multiple photoreceptive sites including the eyes, pineal gland, and deep brain photoreceptors (DBPs) located within the hypothalamus. The cellular and molecular identity of the DBPs mediating avian photoperiodic time measurement remains a matter of debate, however. Vertebrate ancient opsin (VA opn) is considered a strong DBP candidate, based on its anatomical localization and spectral response characteristics. Here, we used three different RNA profiling methods to evaluate VA opn expression across photosensitive structures in the Svalbard rock ptarmigan, a highly photoperiodic galliform species adapted to the extreme light conditions of the High Arctic. In the pineal gland, over 60% of transcripts encoded a full-length VA opn, containing all seven transmembrane domains considered necessary for photoreceptor function. In vitro analysis demonstrated that the full-length VA opn has peak spectral sensitivity at approximately 500 nm, consistent with published work in other galliform species. By contrast, in the hypothalamus and retina, the majority of VA opn transcripts are predicted to encode non-functional proteins lacking at least 2 out of 7 transmembrane domains. In the hypothalamus, single-nuclei RNA-sequencing analysis showed that VA opn transcript variants are predominantly expressed in cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage. These data support a model in which, in the Svalbard rock ptarmigan, VA opn contributes to the photosensitivity of the pineal gland, but not to hypothalamic DBP function.
{"title":"Differential expression of VA opsin transcript variants in tissues linked to photoperiodic time measurement in Svalbard rock ptarmigan","authors":"Jana Kalinová , Daniel Appenroth , Yves Bigot , Richard J. McDowell , Saba Notash , Robert J. Lucas , Alexander C. West , Shona H. Wood , Hugues Dardente , David G. Hazlerigg","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoperiodic time measurement is the process through which annual changes in daylength are integrated to synchronize seasonal physiological and behavioral responses. Unlike mammals, which detect light exclusively through the eyes, birds possess multiple photoreceptive sites including the eyes, pineal gland, and deep brain photoreceptors (DBPs) located within the hypothalamus. The cellular and molecular identity of the DBPs mediating avian photoperiodic time measurement remains a matter of debate, however. Vertebrate ancient opsin (VA opn) is considered a strong DBP candidate, based on its anatomical localization and spectral response characteristics. Here, we used three different RNA profiling methods to evaluate VA opn expression across photosensitive structures in the Svalbard rock ptarmigan, a highly photoperiodic galliform species adapted to the extreme light conditions of the High Arctic. In the pineal gland, over 60% of transcripts encoded a full-length VA opn, containing all seven transmembrane domains considered necessary for photoreceptor function. <em>In vitro</em> analysis demonstrated that the full-length VA opn has peak spectral sensitivity at approximately 500 nm, consistent with published work in other galliform species. By contrast, in the hypothalamus and retina, the majority of VA opn transcripts are predicted to encode non-functional proteins lacking at least 2 out of 7 transmembrane domains. In the hypothalamus, single-nuclei RNA-sequencing analysis showed that VA opn transcript variants are predominantly expressed in cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage. These data support a model in which, in the Svalbard rock ptarmigan, VA opn contributes to the photosensitivity of the pineal gland, but not to hypothalamic DBP function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing new small-molecule organic dyes is one of the effective ways to enhance the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Based on the described organic dye WD10, we have designed the organic dyes DTT and DT1–4 with a D1-D2-π-A structure where dithiafulvenyl (D1) and triphenylamine (D2) were used as electron donors, dithiophene and fused dithiophene as the electron acceptor and anchoring group (A). On this basis, benzo[c][1, 2, 5] thiadiazole was further introduced as an auxiliary acceptor unit(A’) between D2 and the π-bridge to construct organic dyes DTTA and DTA1–4 with a D1-D2-A’-π-A structure. Through DFT and TD-DFT calculations, compared with the reported dye WD10, the designed dyes in this paper show a smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gap, longer absorption maximum wavelength (λmax), lower reorganization energy (λtotal), and higher light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), as well as a negative electron injection driving force (ΔGinj). These characteristics are all conducive to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSCs. Moreover, the introduction of the auxiliary acceptor unit (A’) further reduces the HOMO-LUMO energy gap of the dyes, broadens the absorption band, and causes a red shift of λmax, but it also decreases the oscillator strength, thereby having a certain negative impact on the light-harvesting efficiency (LHE). Among the designed dyes, DT2 shows superior photoelectric properties compared with other dyes and is considered the most promising candidate for DSSC applications. In addition, this study also thoroughly investigated the electronic structure and optical properties of these dyes when adsorbed on the model semiconductor (TiO2)16, aiming to provide valuable insights into the adsorption behavior of dyes on the semiconductor surface and the electron transfer mechanism. According to the research, changing the structure of the π-bridge is a workable and effective way to improve DSSC performance.
{"title":"Effect of dithiophene-based π-spacer and auxiliary acceptor on the photovoltaic performance for DSSCs based on dithiafulvenyl and triphenylamine double donor dyes","authors":"Haoyang Zhang, Yanjun Wang, Guodong Tang, Jianying Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing new small-molecule organic dyes is one of the effective ways to enhance the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Based on the described organic dye WD10, we have designed the organic dyes DTT and DT1–4 with a D1-D2-π-A structure where dithiafulvenyl (D1) and triphenylamine (D2) were used as electron donors, dithiophene and fused dithiophene as the electron acceptor and anchoring group (A). On this basis, benzo[c][1, 2, 5] thiadiazole was further introduced as an auxiliary acceptor unit(A’) between D2 and the π-bridge to construct organic dyes DTTA and DTA1–4 with a D1-D2-A’-π-A structure. Through DFT and TD-DFT calculations, compared with the reported dye WD10, the designed dyes in this paper show a smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gap, longer absorption maximum wavelength (λ<sub>max</sub>), lower reorganization energy (λ<sub>total</sub>), and higher light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), as well as a negative electron injection driving force (ΔG<sub>inj</sub>). These characteristics are all conducive to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSCs. Moreover, the introduction of the auxiliary acceptor unit (A’) further reduces the HOMO-LUMO energy gap of the dyes, broadens the absorption band, and causes a red shift of λ<sub>max</sub>, but it also decreases the oscillator strength, thereby having a certain negative impact on the light-harvesting efficiency (LHE). Among the designed dyes, DT2 shows superior photoelectric properties compared with other dyes and is considered the most promising candidate for DSSC applications. In addition, this study also thoroughly investigated the electronic structure and optical properties of these dyes when adsorbed on the model semiconductor (TiO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>16</sub>, aiming to provide valuable insights into the adsorption behavior of dyes on the semiconductor surface and the electron transfer mechanism. According to the research, changing the structure of the π-bridge is a workable and effective way to improve DSSC performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100270"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies highlight the use of different wavelengths of light as emerging interventions to slow myopia progression in children. This review evaluates the effects of different wavelengths of chromatic light interventions on ocular biometry in humans. A literature search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, ProQuest Central, Web of Science, and trial registries identified thirty-seven studies examining the effects of either long-term (4 weeks- 24 months) or short-term (between 10–120 min and ≤ 4 weeks) monochromatic light exposure. A random-effects model was used to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) in spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (ChT). In studies examining long-term exposure to both long- and short-wavelength light, significant changes in AL, SER, and ChT were observed primarily with long-wavelength red light used in repeated low-level red light (RLRL) therapy. RLRL resulted in a significant reduction in AL and SER, and an increase in subfoveal ChT compared to a control group wearing single vision spectacles (SVS) at both 6 and 12 months (WMD at 6 and 12 months, AL:0.24 and –0.36 mm; SER: 0.31 and 0.77 D; ChT: +32.12 and +31.78 µm). Exposure to short-wavelength (blue and/or violet light) resulted in only a modest change in AL and myopia progression in children [mean change (95 % CI) at 12 months, AL:0.04 mm (–0.15 to 0.07); SER: 0.04 D (–0.16 to 0.24)]. Short-term exposure to both long- and short-wavelengths on ocular biometry in young adults showed equivocal results. LED-based blue light (454–456 nm) induced choroidal thickening and a reduction in AL, whereas red light produced the opposite effects. In conclusion, longer-term exposure to RLRL and violet light can slow myopia progression in children, with RLRL showing a stronger effect. Short-term exposure to different wavelengths offers insights for developing newer light-based myopia therapies.
{"title":"Effects of chromatic light interventions and wavelengths on ocular biometry in human myopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Azfira Hussain , Jose J Estevez , Nicola S Anstice , Alessandro Papandrea , Feier Yang , Konogan Baranton , Eleonore Pic , Pascale Lacan , Sayantan Biswas , Ranjay Chakraborty","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies highlight the use of different wavelengths of light as emerging interventions to slow myopia progression in children. This review evaluates the effects of different wavelengths of chromatic light interventions on ocular biometry in humans. A literature search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, ProQuest Central, Web of Science, and trial registries identified thirty-seven studies examining the effects of either long-term (4 weeks- 24 months) or short-term (between 10–120 min and ≤ 4 weeks) monochromatic light exposure. A random-effects model was used to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) in spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (ChT). In studies examining long-term exposure to both long- and short-wavelength light, significant changes in AL, SER, and ChT were observed primarily with long-wavelength red light used in repeated low-level red light (RLRL) therapy. RLRL resulted in a significant reduction in AL and SER, and an increase in subfoveal ChT compared to a control group wearing single vision spectacles (SVS) at both 6 and 12 months (WMD at 6 and 12 months, AL:0.24 and –0.36 mm; SER: 0.31 and 0.77 D; ChT: +32.12 and +31.78 µm). Exposure to short-wavelength (blue and/or violet light) resulted in only a modest change in AL and myopia progression in children [mean change (95 % CI) at 12 months, AL:0.04 mm (–0.15 to 0.07); SER: 0.04 D (–0.16 to 0.24)]. Short-term exposure to both long- and short-wavelengths on ocular biometry in young adults showed equivocal results. LED-based blue light (454–456 nm) induced choroidal thickening and a reduction in AL, whereas red light produced the opposite effects. In conclusion, longer-term exposure to RLRL and violet light can slow myopia progression in children, with RLRL showing a stronger effect. Short-term exposure to different wavelengths offers insights for developing newer light-based myopia therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100267
Laura Cordero , Joan Carles Domingo , Elena Sánchez-Vizcaíno Mengual , Hernán Pinto
Objective
The study aimed to assess the effects on exosome quantification of thermo-photobiomodulation (TPBM) with blue light administered at two different fluences for preconditioning platelet-rich plasma (PRP).
Material and Methods
This was an in-vitro study aiming to compare the number of exosomes released from PRP samples after preconditioning for 10 min with blue light (467 nm) at two different fluences, 1.0 J/cm2 and 2.0 J/cm2, and controlled heating at 37 °C. PRP samples form three healthy donors were obtained after withdrawing 64 mL of blood and were preconditioned following the two protocols using the MCT System®, a TPBM device with different energy, wavelength, temperature, and time combinations settings. Samples were placed in the MCT Kit® during the procedure, a single-use class IIa device with specific optical properties to optimize light scattering and transmittance. Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and quantified in triplicate using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA).
Results
The mean exosome concentration was 2.99 × 1011 particles/mL (SD 1.31 × 1011) for the samples exposed to 1.0 J/cm2 and 2.53 × 1011 particles/mL (SD 1.39 × 1011) for the samples exposed to 2.0 J/cm2 (p = 0.0262). The lower light fluence resulted in a 15.4 % increase in exosome concentration compared to the highest one.
Conclusions
Different light fluences during the PRP preconditioning resulted in varying exosome concentrations, with the lowest fluence producing the highest yield. Further research is required to determine whether other fluences can improve outcomes and identify the most suitable preconditioning protocol.
{"title":"Autologous platelet-rich plasma exosome quantification after two thermo-photobiomodulation protocols with different fluences","authors":"Laura Cordero , Joan Carles Domingo , Elena Sánchez-Vizcaíno Mengual , Hernán Pinto","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The study aimed to assess the effects on exosome quantification of thermo-photobiomodulation (TPBM) with blue light administered at two different fluences for preconditioning platelet-rich plasma (PRP).</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>This was an in-vitro study aiming to compare the number of exosomes released from PRP samples after preconditioning for 10 min with blue light (467 nm) at two different fluences, 1.0 J/cm<sup>2</sup> and 2.0 J/cm<sup>2</sup>, and controlled heating at 37 °C. PRP samples form three healthy donors were obtained after withdrawing 64 mL of blood and were preconditioned following the two protocols using the MCT System®, a TPBM device with different energy, wavelength, temperature, and time combinations settings. Samples were placed in the MCT Kit® during the procedure, a single-use class IIa device with specific optical properties to optimize light scattering and transmittance. Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and quantified in triplicate using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean exosome concentration was 2.99 × 10<sup>11</sup> particles/mL (SD 1.31 × 10<sup>11</sup>) for the samples exposed to 1.0 J/cm<sup>2</sup> and 2.53 × 10<sup>11</sup> particles/mL (SD 1.39 × 10<sup>11</sup>) for the samples exposed to 2.0 J/cm<sup>2</sup> (<em>p</em> = 0.0262). The lower light fluence resulted in a 15.4 % increase in exosome concentration compared to the highest one.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Different light fluences during the PRP preconditioning resulted in varying exosome concentrations, with the lowest fluence producing the highest yield. Further research is required to determine whether other fluences can improve outcomes and identify the most suitable preconditioning protocol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100265
Ayaz Shahid , Rita Miwalian , Bradley T. Andresen , Steven Cole , Ying Huang
Preclinical studies demonstrated that the β-adrenergic receptor antagonists (β-blockers) inhibit skin damage and cancer development induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, but the mechanism remains unknown. β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) is the predominant adrenergic receptor expressed on skin keratinocytes and immune cells that bind to catecholamines, but its function in UV-induced skin lesions is unknown. Here, the role of β2-AR in UV-induced acute skin damage was investigated using a β2-AR knockout (KO) mouse model. The β2-AR KO mice exhibited attenuated UV-induced skin edema, sunburn, erythema, barrier disruption, apoptosis, and overexpression of IL-6, accompanied by a transient elevation in expression of β1- and β3-ARs. Cytokine array and immunohistochemical analysis of the KO skin revealed reduced UV-induced overexpression of multiple cytokines and chemokines involved in leukocyte infiltration and inflammation. RNA-sequencing analysis confirms that UV triggers a differential transcriptional response between the WT and KO skin. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing identified multiple gene regulatory pathways involved in the KO skin, including reduced activity of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, increased activity of Interferon Response Factors (IRFs) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and reductions in myeloid immune cell/macrophage-related signaling pathways such as CEBP-β and GATA transcription factors. Collectively, these gene regulatory alterations were associated with a substantial reduction in innate immune, inflammatory, and mesenchymal tissue differentiation responses to the UV radiation in the KO skin. These data identify β2-AR as a critical neurobiological pathway involved in UV-induced skin damage and inflammation and support that β2-AR blockade might be useful for preventing UV-related skin lesions and sequelae (e.g., cancers).
{"title":"Targeting β2-adrenergic receptor reduces UV-induced cutaneous damage and inflammation in a murine model","authors":"Ayaz Shahid , Rita Miwalian , Bradley T. Andresen , Steven Cole , Ying Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2025.100265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preclinical studies demonstrated that the β-adrenergic receptor antagonists (β-blockers) inhibit skin damage and cancer development induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, but the mechanism remains unknown. β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) is the predominant adrenergic receptor expressed on skin keratinocytes and immune cells that bind to catecholamines, but its function in UV-induced skin lesions is unknown. Here, the role of β2-AR in UV-induced acute skin damage was investigated using a β2-AR knockout (KO) mouse model. The β2-AR KO mice exhibited attenuated UV-induced skin edema, sunburn, erythema, barrier disruption, apoptosis, and overexpression of IL-6, accompanied by a transient elevation in expression of β1- and β3-ARs. Cytokine array and immunohistochemical analysis of the KO skin revealed reduced UV-induced overexpression of multiple cytokines and chemokines involved in leukocyte infiltration and inflammation. RNA-sequencing analysis confirms that UV triggers a differential transcriptional response between the WT and KO skin. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing identified multiple gene regulatory pathways involved in the KO skin, including reduced activity of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, increased activity of Interferon Response Factors (IRFs) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and reductions in myeloid immune cell/macrophage-related signaling pathways such as CEBP-β and GATA transcription factors. Collectively, these gene regulatory alterations were associated with a substantial reduction in innate immune, inflammatory, and mesenchymal tissue differentiation responses to the UV radiation in the KO skin. These data identify β2-AR as a critical neurobiological pathway involved in UV-induced skin damage and inflammation and support that β2-AR blockade might be useful for preventing UV-related skin lesions and sequelae (e.g., cancers).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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