Metronidazole (MTZ), a commonly used anti-infective drug in clinical practice, has also been employed as a prodrug in cell-targeted ablation systems in scientific research, exhibiting significant application value. However, it has been demonstrated that MTZ can induce neurotoxic symptoms to some extent during its use, and there is currently a lack of effective means to circumvent its toxicity in both clinical and research settings, which limits its application. Therefore, exploring the specific mechanisms underlying MTZ-induced neurotoxic symptoms and elucidating countermeasures will enhance the practical value of MTZ. In this study, using a zebrafish spinal cord injury regeneration model, we confirmed that MTZ neurotoxicity leads to impaired axon regeneration in the central nervous system. By overexpressing il34 in the central nervous system of zebrafish, we eliminated the inhibitory effect of MTZ on axonal regeneration and demonstrated that the pro-regenerative effect against MTZ neurotoxicity is not caused by excessive macrophages/microglia chemoattracted by interleukin 34(Il34). Transcriptome sequencing analysis and GO enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between groups revealed that Il34 may counteract MTZ neurotoxicity and promote spinal cord injury repair through biological processes that enhance cellular adhesion and cell location. In summary, our work uncovers a possible cause of MTZ neurotoxicity and provides a new perspective for eliminating MTZ toxicity.
{"title":"Il34 rescues metronidazole-induced impairment of spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish central nervous system.","authors":"Liu Ji-Xiang, Lai Si-Ting, Bai Jing, Xu Jin","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-083","DOIUrl":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metronidazole (MTZ), a commonly used anti-infective drug in clinical practice, has also been employed as a prodrug in cell-targeted ablation systems in scientific research, exhibiting significant application value. However, it has been demonstrated that MTZ can induce neurotoxic symptoms to some extent during its use, and there is currently a lack of effective means to circumvent its toxicity in both clinical and research settings, which limits its application. Therefore, exploring the specific mechanisms underlying MTZ-induced neurotoxic symptoms and elucidating countermeasures will enhance the practical value of MTZ. In this study, using a zebrafish spinal cord injury regeneration model, we confirmed that MTZ neurotoxicity leads to impaired axon regeneration in the central nervous system. By overexpressing <i>il34</i> in the central nervous system of zebrafish, we eliminated the inhibitory effect of MTZ on axonal regeneration and demonstrated that the pro-regenerative effect against MTZ neurotoxicity is not caused by excessive macrophages/microglia chemoattracted by interleukin 34(Il34). Transcriptome sequencing analysis and GO enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between groups revealed that Il34 may counteract MTZ neurotoxicity and promote spinal cord injury repair through biological processes that enhance cellular adhesion and cell location. In summary, our work uncovers a possible cause of MTZ neurotoxicity and provides a new perspective for eliminating MTZ toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"Yi chuan = Hereditas / Zhongguo yi chuan xue hui bian ji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhang Yi-Wen, Huang Qin, Wu Yan-Yun, Sun Yue, Wei Yong-Long
LIN28A and its homolog LIN28B are highly conserved RNA-binding proteins that play important roles in early embryonic development, somatic cell reprogramming, metabolism and tumorigenesis. LIN28A/B are highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors such as breast cancer. They play important roles in the initiation, maintenance, and metastasis of tumors and are associated with poor prognosis. Previous studies have shown that the main regulatory mechanisms of LIN28A/B include let-7s dependent ways and let-7s independent ways, such as directly targeting mRNA. In this review, we summarize the function and molecular regulatory mechanisms of LIN28A/B in malignant tumors such as liver cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer, in order to provide references for further exploring the function and mechanism of LIN28A/B and their possible roles in clinical applications.
{"title":"Progress on the role of LIN28A/B in tumor development and progression.","authors":"Zhang Yi-Wen, Huang Qin, Wu Yan-Yun, Sun Yue, Wei Yong-Long","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-056","DOIUrl":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>LIN28A and its homolog LIN28B are highly conserved RNA-binding proteins that play important roles in early embryonic development, somatic cell reprogramming, metabolism and tumorigenesis. LIN28A/B are highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors such as breast cancer. They play important roles in the initiation, maintenance, and metastasis of tumors and are associated with poor prognosis. Previous studies have shown that the main regulatory mechanisms of LIN28A/B include let-7s dependent ways and let-7s independent ways, such as directly targeting mRNA. In this review, we summarize the function and molecular regulatory mechanisms of LIN28A/B in malignant tumors such as liver cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer, in order to provide references for further exploring the function and mechanism of LIN28A/B and their possible roles in clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"Yi chuan = Hereditas / Zhongguo yi chuan xue hui bian ji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Jian, Shi Guo-Juan, Peng Ang-Hui, Xu Qing-Bo, Wang Rui-Qi, Xue Lei, Yu Xin-Yang, Sun Yi-Hao
The JNK signaling pathway plays crucial roles in various physiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and stress response. Dysregulation of this pathway is closely linked to the onset and progression of numerous major diseases, such as developmental defects and tumors. Identifying and characterizing novel components of the JNK signaling pathway to enhance and refine its network hold significant scientific and clinical importance for the prevention and treatment of associated cancers. This study utilized the model organism Drosophila and employed multidisciplinary approaches encompassing genetics, developmental biology, biochemistry, and molecular biology to investigate the interplay between Tip60 and the JNK signaling pathway, and elucidated its regulatory mechanisms. Our findings suggest that loss of Tip60 acetyltransferase activity results in JNK signaling pathway activation and subsequent induction of JNK-dependent apoptosis. Genetic epistasis analysis reveals that Tip60 acts downstream of JNK, paralleling with the transcription factor FOXO. The biochemical results confirm that Tip60 can bind to FOXO and acetylate it. Introduction of human Tip60 into Drosophila effectively mitigates apoptosis induced by JNK signaling activation, underscoring conserved regulatory role of Tip60 in the JNK signaling pathway from Drosophila to humans. This study further enhances our understanding of the regulatory network of the JNK signaling pathway. By revealing the role and mechanism of Tip60 in JNK-dependent apoptosis, it unveils new insights and potential therapeutic avenues for preventing and treating associated cancers.
{"title":"Tip60-FOXO regulates JNK signaling mediated apoptosis in <i>Drosophila</i>.","authors":"Yang Jian, Shi Guo-Juan, Peng Ang-Hui, Xu Qing-Bo, Wang Rui-Qi, Xue Lei, Yu Xin-Yang, Sun Yi-Hao","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-105","DOIUrl":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The JNK signaling pathway plays crucial roles in various physiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and stress response. Dysregulation of this pathway is closely linked to the onset and progression of numerous major diseases, such as developmental defects and tumors. Identifying and characterizing novel components of the JNK signaling pathway to enhance and refine its network hold significant scientific and clinical importance for the prevention and treatment of associated cancers. This study utilized the model organism <i>Drosophila</i> and employed multidisciplinary approaches encompassing genetics, developmental biology, biochemistry, and molecular biology to investigate the interplay between Tip60 and the JNK signaling pathway, and elucidated its regulatory mechanisms. Our findings suggest that loss of Tip60 acetyltransferase activity results in JNK signaling pathway activation and subsequent induction of JNK-dependent apoptosis. Genetic epistasis analysis reveals that Tip60 acts downstream of JNK, paralleling with the transcription factor FOXO. The biochemical results confirm that Tip60 can bind to FOXO and acetylate it. Introduction of human Tip60 into <i>Drosophila</i> effectively mitigates apoptosis induced by JNK signaling activation, underscoring conserved regulatory role of Tip60 in the JNK signaling pathway from <i>Drosophila</i> to humans. This study further enhances our understanding of the regulatory network of the JNK signaling pathway. By revealing the role and mechanism of Tip60 in JNK-dependent apoptosis, it unveils new insights and potential therapeutic avenues for preventing and treating associated cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"Yi chuan = Hereditas / Zhongguo yi chuan xue hui bian ji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ma Bao-Xia, Yang Sen, Lyu Ming, Wang Yu-Ren, Chang Li-Ye, Han Yi-Fan, Wang Jian-Gang, Guo Yang, Xu Kun
Gene knock-in in mammalian cells usually uses homology-directed repair (HDR) mechanism to integrate exogenous DNA template into the target genome site. However, HDR efficiency is often low, and the co-localization of exogenous DNA template and target genome site is one of the key limiting factors. To improve the efficiency of HDR mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 system, our team and previous studies fused different adaptor proteins with SpCas9 protein and expressed them. By using their characteristics of binding to specific DNA sequences, many different CRISPR/SpCas9 donor adapter gene editing systems were constructed. In this study, we used them to knock-in eGFP gene at the 3'-end of the terminal exon of GAPDH and ACTB genes in HEK293T cells to facilitate a comparison and optimization of these systems. We utilized an optimized donor DNA template design method, validated the knock-in accuracy via PCR and Sanger sequencing, and assessed the efficiency using flow cytometry. The results showed that the fusion of yGal4BD, hGal4BD, hLacI, hTHAP11 as well as N57 and other adaptor proteins with the C-terminus of SpCas9 protein had no significant effect on its activity. At the GAPDH site, the donor adapter systems of SpCas9 fused with yGal4BD, hGal4BD, hLacI and hTHAP11 significantly improved the knock-in efficiency. At the ACTB site, SpCas9 fused with yGal4BD and hGal4BD significantly improved the knock-in efficiency. Furthermore, increasing the number of BS in the donor DNA template was beneficial to enhance the knock-in efficiency mediated by SpCas9-hTHAP11 system. In conclusion, this study compares and optimizes multiple CRISPR/Cas9 donor adapter gene editing systems, providing valuable insights for future gene editing applications.
哺乳动物细胞中的基因敲入通常使用同源定向修复(HDR)机制将外源 DNA 模板整合到目标基因组位点。然而,HDR 的效率通常较低,外源 DNA 模板与目标基因组位点的共定位是限制因素之一。为了提高CRISPR/Cas9系统介导的HDR效率,我们团队和以往的研究将不同的适配蛋白与SpCas9蛋白融合并表达。利用它们与特定 DNA 序列结合的特性,我们构建了许多不同的 CRISPR/SpCas9 供体适配体基因编辑系统。在本研究中,我们利用它们在 HEK293T 细胞中 GAPDH 和 ACTB 基因末端外显子的 3'-end 处敲入 eGFP 基因,以便对这些系统进行比较和优化。我们利用优化的供体 DNA 模板设计方法,通过 PCR 和 Sanger 测序验证了敲入的准确性,并利用流式细胞仪评估了效率。结果表明,将 yGal4BD、hGal4BD、hLacI、hTHAP11 以及 N57 和其他适配蛋白与 SpCas9 蛋白的 C 端融合对其活性没有显著影响。在 GAPDH 位点,SpCas9 的供体适配系统与 yGal4BD、hGal4BD、hLacI 和 hTHAP11 融合后,敲入效率明显提高。在 ACTB 位点,SpCas9 与 yGal4BD 和 hGal4BD 融合可明显提高基因敲入效率。此外,增加供体 DNA 模板中的 BS 数量有利于提高 SpCas9-hTHAP11 系统介导的基因敲入效率。总之,本研究比较并优化了多种CRISPR/Cas9供体适配器基因编辑系统,为未来的基因编辑应用提供了有价值的见解。
{"title":"Comparison and optimization of different CRISPR/Cas9 donor-adapting systems for gene editing.","authors":"Ma Bao-Xia, Yang Sen, Lyu Ming, Wang Yu-Ren, Chang Li-Ye, Han Yi-Fan, Wang Jian-Gang, Guo Yang, Xu Kun","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.23-273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.23-273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene knock-in in mammalian cells usually uses homology-directed repair (HDR) mechanism to integrate exogenous DNA template into the target genome site. However, HDR efficiency is often low, and the co-localization of exogenous DNA template and target genome site is one of the key limiting factors. To improve the efficiency of HDR mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 system, our team and previous studies fused different adaptor proteins with SpCas9 protein and expressed them. By using their characteristics of binding to specific DNA sequences, many different CRISPR/SpCas9 donor adapter gene editing systems were constructed. In this study, we used them to knock-in <i>eGFP</i> gene at the 3'-end of the terminal exon of <i>GAPDH</i> and <i>ACTB</i> genes in HEK293T cells to facilitate a comparison and optimization of these systems. We utilized an optimized donor DNA template design method, validated the knock-in accuracy via PCR and Sanger sequencing, and assessed the efficiency using flow cytometry. The results showed that the fusion of yGal4BD, hGal4BD, hLacI, hTHAP11 as well as N57 and other adaptor proteins with the C-terminus of SpCas9 protein had no significant effect on its activity. At the <i>GAPDH</i> site, the donor adapter systems of SpCas9 fused with yGal4BD, hGal4BD, hLacI and hTHAP11 significantly improved the knock-in efficiency. At the <i>ACTB</i> site, SpCas9 fused with yGal4BD and hGal4BD significantly improved the knock-in efficiency. Furthermore, increasing the number of BS in the donor DNA template was beneficial to enhance the knock-in efficiency mediated by SpCas9-hTHAP11 system. In conclusion, this study compares and optimizes multiple CRISPR/Cas9 donor adapter gene editing systems, providing valuable insights for future gene editing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"Yi chuan = Hereditas / Zhongguo yi chuan xue hui bian ji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ssu72 is a component of the yeast cleavage/polyadenylation factor (CPF) complex, which catalyzes the dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II at S5-P and S7-P. It has been shown that Ssu72 phosphatase is involved in regulating chromosome cohesion during mitosis. To further clarify whether Ssu72 phosphatase affects chromosome separation during meiotic division in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we utilized green fluorescent protein (GFP) to label centromeres and red fluorescent protein to label microtubule protein Atb2. The entire meiotic chromosome separation process of ssu72∆ cells was observed in real-time under fluorescence microscope. It was found that two spindles of ssu72∆ cells crossed during the metaphase and anaphase of the second meiotic division, and this spindle crossing led to a new type of spore defect distribution pattern. The results of this study can provide important reference significance for studying the roles of phosphatase Ssu72 in higher organisms.
Ssu72 是酵母裂解/多腺苷酸化因子(CPF)复合物的一个组成部分,它能催化 RNA 聚合酶 II 的 C 端结构域(CTD)在 S5-P 和 S7-P 处的去磷酸化。研究表明,Ssu72 磷酸酶参与了有丝分裂过程中染色体内聚力的调节。为了进一步弄清Ssu72磷酸酶是否会影响小鼠减数分裂过程中染色体的分离,我们利用绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记中心粒,红色荧光蛋白标记微管蛋白Atb2。在荧光显微镜下实时观察了 ssu72∆ 细胞减数分裂染色体分离的全过程。结果发现,su72∆细胞的两个纺锤体在减数第二次分裂的有丝分裂期和无丝分裂期发生了交叉,这种纺锤体交叉导致了一种新型的孢子缺陷分布模式。该研究结果可为研究磷酸酶Ssu72在高等生物中的作用提供重要的参考意义。
{"title":"Ssu72 phosphatase deficiency leads to spindle crossing during the second meiotic division process.","authors":"Yan Jing-Liang, Ma Ling-Ling, Watanabe Yoshinori","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-047","DOIUrl":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ssu72 is a component of the yeast cleavage/polyadenylation factor (CPF) complex, which catalyzes the dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II at S5-P and S7-P. It has been shown that Ssu72 phosphatase is involved in regulating chromosome cohesion during mitosis. To further clarify whether Ssu72 phosphatase affects chromosome separation during meiotic division in <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i>, we utilized green fluorescent protein (GFP) to label centromeres and red fluorescent protein to label microtubule protein Atb2. The entire meiotic chromosome separation process of <i>ssu72∆</i> cells was observed in real-time under fluorescence microscope. It was found that two spindles of <i>ssu72∆</i> cells crossed during the metaphase and anaphase of the second meiotic division, and this spindle crossing led to a new type of spore defect distribution pattern. The results of this study can provide important reference significance for studying the roles of phosphatase Ssu72 in higher organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"Yi chuan = Hereditas / Zhongguo yi chuan xue hui bian ji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, valine, and isoleucine, play crucial roles in regulating metabolic balance and maintaining physiological functions in the body. Extensive studies have been focused on their implications in obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence suggests that BCAAs metabolism also plays significant roles in tumorigenesis and progression. In this review, we overview recent progress of the study on BCAAs metabolism including its relationship with epigenetic regulation. Particularly, we discuss the metabolic reprogramming and metabolic sensing of BCAAs and its intermediate metabolites in tumor cells and microenvironment to decipher their functions. An enhanced understanding of the roles and mechanism of BCAAs metabolism in tumorigenesis and progression will contribute to development of novel therapeutic strategies against tumor.
{"title":"The roles of branched-chain amino acids metabolism in tumorigenesis and progression.","authors":"Shen Yuan, Li Jin-Tao, Yin Miao, Lei Qun-Ying","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-095","DOIUrl":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, valine, and isoleucine, play crucial roles in regulating metabolic balance and maintaining physiological functions in the body. Extensive studies have been focused on their implications in obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence suggests that BCAAs metabolism also plays significant roles in tumorigenesis and progression. In this review, we overview recent progress of the study on BCAAs metabolism including its relationship with epigenetic regulation. Particularly, we discuss the metabolic reprogramming and metabolic sensing of BCAAs and its intermediate metabolites in tumor cells and microenvironment to decipher their functions. An enhanced understanding of the roles and mechanism of BCAAs metabolism in tumorigenesis and progression will contribute to development of novel therapeutic strategies against tumor.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"Yi chuan = Hereditas / Zhongguo yi chuan xue hui bian ji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-960
G. Bhoopesh, G. Baradhan, S. S. Kumar, C. Kathirvelu, S. Ramesh
Maize, a crucial cereal crop in India, faces challenges like limited land and climate change. Fertilizers like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are essential for crop yields, but excessive use can cause eutrophication and nitrate pollution. Researchers are exploring slow-release fertilizers and nanotechnology-based solutions to improve nitrogen uptake efficiency. Slow-release fertilizers maintain nitrogen availability and control nitrification processes, while nanotechnology-based fertilizers release nitrogen only when needed, reducing emissions and leaching. Microorganisms like azophos can fix nitrogen, facilitate phosphorus uptake, and produce growth-promoting chemicals. The use of nano urea and beneficial microorganisms like azophos can boost maize production and yield. To investigate further, a field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu from July to October 2022 with a key objective of evaluating the partial supplement of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer in the form of conventional urea and nano urea along with the microbial inoculant azophos in hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with ten treatments comprised of different levels of urea and nano urea along with azophos @ 4kg/ha with three replications. Among the nutrient management evaluated, all the yield attributes and yield of hybrid maize viz., cob length, cob diameter, number of grains/cob, test weight, grain yield, stover yield, and harvest index were significantly influenced by theapplication of 50 percent RDN through urea + 50 per cent RDN through nano urea + 100 percent RD of P and K through conventional fertilizers + azophos @ 4 kg/ha (T8). Combining bulk urea and nano urea improved nitrogen use efficiency via metabolite production, enzyme activity stimulation, and microbial rhizosphere interactions significantly enhancing the yield attributes and yield.
{"title":"Synergistic impact of nano-urea and microbial inoculants with varied nitrogen regimes on the yield and yield attributes of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"G. Bhoopesh, G. Baradhan, S. S. Kumar, C. Kathirvelu, S. Ramesh","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-960","url":null,"abstract":"Maize, a crucial cereal crop in India, faces challenges like limited land and climate change. Fertilizers like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are essential for crop yields, but excessive use can cause eutrophication and nitrate pollution. Researchers are exploring slow-release fertilizers and nanotechnology-based solutions to improve nitrogen uptake efficiency. Slow-release fertilizers maintain nitrogen availability and control nitrification processes, while nanotechnology-based fertilizers release nitrogen only when needed, reducing emissions and leaching. Microorganisms like azophos can fix nitrogen, facilitate phosphorus uptake, and produce growth-promoting chemicals. The use of nano urea and beneficial microorganisms like azophos can boost maize production and yield. To investigate further, a field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu from July to October 2022 with a key objective of evaluating the partial supplement of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer in the form of conventional urea and nano urea along with the microbial inoculant azophos in hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with ten treatments comprised of different levels of urea and nano urea along with azophos @ 4kg/ha with three replications. Among the nutrient management evaluated, all the yield attributes and yield of hybrid maize viz., cob length, cob diameter, number of grains/cob, test weight, grain yield, stover yield, and harvest index were significantly influenced by theapplication of 50 percent RDN through urea + 50 per cent RDN through nano urea + 100 percent RD of P and K through conventional fertilizers + azophos @ 4 kg/ha (T8). Combining bulk urea and nano urea improved nitrogen use efficiency via metabolite production, enzyme activity stimulation, and microbial rhizosphere interactions significantly enhancing the yield attributes and yield.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141351286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-976
Gajanan J. Solunke, ARUNAVA DAS
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. Cucurbitaceae) is an important vegetable and medicinal crop that is grown in several tropical countries such as India, China, Malaysia, Bangladesh, part of Africa, Central North America, South North Asia, Singapore, Japan, and Vietnam. It is also used as raw fruit juice for cooking fruits and vegetable dishes. The fruits, leaves, and seeds of this plant contain charantins, which are insulin-like compounds. Therefore, it is essential to develop nutrient-rich extracts that are more effective for diabetes. Ethanol and methanol are edible solvents that enable the preparation of charantin-rich extracts. Experiments were conducted on charantin extraction using ethanol and methanol in a Soxhlet apparatus. The study concluded that methanol is a better solvent for the production of charantin-rich extracts. Methanolic extracts had fewer impurities, less chlorophyll interference in the analysis, and better peak strength. The results of the study showed that there was 380–990 ug/g dry fruit powder dry weight content of charantin-level expression in fruit dried powder in methanolic extract, compared with ethanolic extract, which was 200–700 ug/g dry weight. The data show the significance of the use of methanol for bitter gourd charantin extraction.
苦瓜(Momordica charantia L. Cucurbitaceae)是一种重要的蔬菜和药用作物,种植于多个热带国家,如印度、中国、马来西亚、孟加拉国、非洲部分地区、北美中部、北亚南部、新加坡、日本和越南。它还被用作烹饪水果和蔬菜菜肴的生果汁。这种植物的果实、叶子和种子含有胰岛素样化合物 charantins。因此,开发对糖尿病更有效的营养丰富的提取物至关重要。乙醇和甲醇是可食用的溶剂,可用于制备富含木犀草素的提取物。研究人员在索氏提取器中使用乙醇和甲醇进行了木质素提取实验。研究得出结论,甲醇是生产富含木姜子素提取物的更好溶剂。甲醇提取物的杂质更少,叶绿素对分析的干扰更小,峰强度更好。研究结果表明,在甲醇提取物中,干果粉干重中木质素水平的表达含量为 380-990 微克/克,而乙醇提取物为 200-700 微克/克。数据表明,使用甲醇提取苦瓜木质素具有重要意义。
{"title":"Standardization and selection of organic solvent and extraction parameters for charantin in bitter gourd (Momordica charantin L.) fruits ","authors":"Gajanan J. Solunke, ARUNAVA DAS","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-976","url":null,"abstract":"Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. Cucurbitaceae) is an important vegetable and medicinal crop that is grown in several tropical countries such as India, China, Malaysia, Bangladesh, part of Africa, Central North America, South North Asia, Singapore, Japan, and Vietnam. It is also used as raw fruit juice for cooking fruits and vegetable dishes. The fruits, leaves, and seeds of this plant contain charantins, which are insulin-like compounds. Therefore, it is essential to develop nutrient-rich extracts that are more effective for diabetes. Ethanol and methanol are edible solvents that enable the preparation of charantin-rich extracts. Experiments were conducted on charantin extraction using ethanol and methanol in a Soxhlet apparatus. The study concluded that methanol is a better solvent for the production of charantin-rich extracts. Methanolic extracts had fewer impurities, less chlorophyll interference in the analysis, and better peak strength. The results of the study showed that there was 380–990 ug/g dry fruit powder dry weight content of charantin-level expression in fruit dried powder in methanolic extract, compared with ethanolic extract, which was 200–700 ug/g dry weight. The data show the significance of the use of methanol for bitter gourd charantin extraction.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141351685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-964
Linton Hazarika, Nihar Ranjan Bora, Kharsing Ramdey, Prachurjya Baruah, Suntoo Das, Bijumoni Borah, Kishor Kr. Shah
Rice being the staple food in Assam, its productivity should be increased for the availability of the common people. The main objective of this study is to compare the qualities of soil samples and to correlate the results with the production (per year) of paddy (Oryza sativa) from 3 different studied areas. The soil samples were collected during March-May, 2023. The oven dry method and drying and weighing method are used to determine bulk and particle densities respectively. The electrical conductivity and pH of the soil samples are determined using a benchtop conductivity meter and pH meter. Walkley-Black chromic acid wet oxidation method and methylene blue method are used to determine the organic carbon and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil samples respectively. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of the soil samples are estimated using the instrument Mridaparikshak. The moisture content, bulk density, particle density, soil porosity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, P2O5, and K2O are observed in the range of 24.69 % to 39.42 %, 1.12 g cm-3 to 1.25 gcm-3, 1.83 gcm-3 to 1.99 g/cm-3, 33 to 43, 2.8 × 10-5mol dm-3to 11.7x10-5 mol dm-3, 7.4 to 8, 0.23 dS/m to 0.40 dS/m, 0.645% to 1.49%, 213.20 kg/ha - 235.14 kg/ha, 17.92 kg/ha - 20.44 kg/ha and 148.92 kg/ha -164.45 kg/ha respectively. The soil characterized by moisture content =27.52 %, bulk density=1.25 gcm-3, particle density =1.86 g cm-3, porosity =33%, cation exchange capacity =11.7 x 10-5 mol dm-3, pH {(1:5) at 210C} = 7.9, electrical conductivity = 0.40 dS/m, organic carbon =0.825 %, organic matter =1.42 %, N =235.14 kg/ha, P2O5 = 20.44 kg/ha and K2O =164.45 kg/ha showed good yield.
{"title":"Comprehensive study on physico-chemical soil analysis for optimizing paddy (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation in Kamrup (Metro) district of Assam, India","authors":"Linton Hazarika, Nihar Ranjan Bora, Kharsing Ramdey, Prachurjya Baruah, Suntoo Das, Bijumoni Borah, Kishor Kr. Shah","doi":"10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2024.cr-964","url":null,"abstract":"Rice being the staple food in Assam, its productivity should be increased for the availability of the common people. The main objective of this study is to compare the qualities of soil samples and to correlate the results with the production (per year) of paddy (Oryza sativa) from 3 different studied areas. The soil samples were collected during March-May, 2023. The oven dry method and drying and weighing method are used to determine bulk and particle densities respectively. The electrical conductivity and pH of the soil samples are determined using a benchtop conductivity meter and pH meter. Walkley-Black chromic acid wet oxidation method and methylene blue method are used to determine the organic carbon and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil samples respectively. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of the soil samples are estimated using the instrument Mridaparikshak. The moisture content, bulk density, particle density, soil porosity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, P2O5, and K2O are observed in the range of 24.69 % to 39.42 %, 1.12 g cm-3 to 1.25 gcm-3, 1.83 gcm-3 to 1.99 g/cm-3, 33 to 43, 2.8 × 10-5mol dm-3to 11.7x10-5 mol dm-3, 7.4 to 8, 0.23 dS/m to 0.40 dS/m, 0.645% to 1.49%, 213.20 kg/ha - 235.14 kg/ha, 17.92 kg/ha - 20.44 kg/ha and 148.92 kg/ha -164.45 kg/ha respectively. The soil characterized by moisture content =27.52 %, bulk density=1.25 gcm-3, particle density =1.86 g cm-3, porosity =33%, cation exchange capacity =11.7 x 10-5 mol dm-3, pH {(1:5) at 210C} = 7.9, electrical conductivity = 0.40 dS/m, organic carbon =0.825 %, organic matter =1.42 %, N =235.14 kg/ha, P2O5 = 20.44 kg/ha and K2O =164.45 kg/ha showed good yield.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10786,"journal":{"name":"Crop research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}