In this article, we discuss a recently published study by Gopee et al., who have unveiled a surprising role for macrophages in human prenatal skin development, extending far beyond their traditional immune function. By constructing a comprehensive multi-omics single-cell atlas of human prenatal skin, they demonstrate that innate immune cells play a key role in hair follicle formation, scarless wound healing and neurovascular development.
{"title":"Prenatal Skin Cell Atlas reveals macrophages' role beyond immunity.","authors":"Céline Pattaroni","doi":"10.1111/imcb.12837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imcb.12837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we discuss a recently published study by Gopee et al., who have unveiled a surprising role for macrophages in human prenatal skin development, extending far beyond their traditional immune function. By constructing a comprehensive multi-omics single-cell atlas of human prenatal skin, they demonstrate that innate immune cells play a key role in hair follicle formation, scarless wound healing and neurovascular development.</p>","PeriodicalId":179,"journal":{"name":"Immunology & Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a young scientist in Brazil, my journey began with a modest education in a public school system that often lacked the resources needed to provide students with comprehensive support. However, with persistence and determination, I successfully gained admission to the University of São Paulo, a prestigious institution and one of the top universities in Latin America. My research focuses on the relationship between the nervous and immune systems in psychosis, a topic I am deeply passionate about. In this piece, I will discuss the systemic issues within the Brazilian education and research systems and delve deeper into my own challenges and achievements as a young scientist in Brazil, sharing insights that can inspire others in similar situations.
{"title":"The journey of young scientists in Brazil: challenges and perspectives.","authors":"Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli","doi":"10.1111/imcb.12835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imcb.12835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a young scientist in Brazil, my journey began with a modest education in a public school system that often lacked the resources needed to provide students with comprehensive support. However, with persistence and determination, I successfully gained admission to the University of São Paulo, a prestigious institution and one of the top universities in Latin America. My research focuses on the relationship between the nervous and immune systems in psychosis, a topic I am deeply passionate about. In this piece, I will discuss the systemic issues within the Brazilian education and research systems and delve deeper into my own challenges and achievements as a young scientist in Brazil, sharing insights that can inspire others in similar situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":179,"journal":{"name":"Immunology & Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arti Medhavy, Alex Johnston, Imogen Bermingham, Danielle I Stanisic
Located in Brisbane's Northshore riverfront precinct, just meters from the iconic Brisbane River, is the new Vaxxas Biomedical Facility. Dr Imogen Bermingham is a Principal Scientist in the Formulation and Analytical Team at Vaxxas, an Australian biotech company focused on developing a needle-free vaccination technology. Here, we discuss her work at Vaxxas, highlighting the opportunities for translational research within the growing biotech industry landscape in Queensland, Australia. Dr Bermingham also reflects on her transition from academia to industry, leveraging her skill set and expanding her capabilities within the dynamic research environment at Vaxxas.
{"title":"When academia met industry: working toward a needle-free vaccination future in the sunshine state.","authors":"Arti Medhavy, Alex Johnston, Imogen Bermingham, Danielle I Stanisic","doi":"10.1111/imcb.12836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imcb.12836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Located in Brisbane's Northshore riverfront precinct, just meters from the iconic Brisbane River, is the new Vaxxas Biomedical Facility. Dr Imogen Bermingham is a Principal Scientist in the Formulation and Analytical Team at Vaxxas, an Australian biotech company focused on developing a needle-free vaccination technology. Here, we discuss her work at Vaxxas, highlighting the opportunities for translational research within the growing biotech industry landscape in Queensland, Australia. Dr Bermingham also reflects on her transition from academia to industry, leveraging her skill set and expanding her capabilities within the dynamic research environment at Vaxxas.</p>","PeriodicalId":179,"journal":{"name":"Immunology & Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In science and academia, success is often shaped by both knowledge and networking. Reflecting on nearly two decades in academic research, I recount my experience as a postdoctoral immunologist returning to Australia with limited local connections and support. Upon re-establishing myself in Australia, I initially faced barriers that restricted my visibility and collaborations. A turning point came when personal challenges motivated me to actively network, leading to valuable collaborations and career opportunities. By initiating conversations with academic leaders and peers, I expanded my network and established numerous leadership roles, even as a “junior” postdoc through founding a symposium, engaging with an immunology society, volunteering on various academic and advocacy committees, contributing to public outreach and nationally advocating for gender equity in science. These experiences reinforced that networking is about fostering meaningful relationships and creating opportunities to grow professionally. I provide advice on how to increase your networks by volunteering at work, when attending conferences, through contributing to societies and building a social media presence. My journey highlights the importance of being proactive in building networks, which can open doors, amplify one's voice, and drive career advancement in science and academia.
{"title":"The power of networking in science and academia","authors":"Jessica G Borger","doi":"10.1111/imcb.12832","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imcb.12832","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In science and academia, success is often shaped by both knowledge and networking. Reflecting on nearly two decades in academic research, I recount my experience as a postdoctoral immunologist returning to Australia with limited local connections and support. Upon re-establishing myself in Australia, I initially faced barriers that restricted my visibility and collaborations. A turning point came when personal challenges motivated me to actively network, leading to valuable collaborations and career opportunities. By initiating conversations with academic leaders and peers, I expanded my network and established numerous leadership roles, even as a “junior” postdoc through founding a symposium, engaging with an immunology society, volunteering on various academic and advocacy committees, contributing to public outreach and nationally advocating for gender equity in science. These experiences reinforced that networking is about fostering meaningful relationships and creating opportunities to grow professionally. I provide advice on how to increase your networks by volunteering at work, when attending conferences, through contributing to societies and building a social media presence. My journey highlights the importance of being proactive in building networks, which can open doors, amplify one's voice, and drive career advancement in science and academia.</p>","PeriodicalId":179,"journal":{"name":"Immunology & Cell Biology","volume":"102 10","pages":"871-877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imcb.12832","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathan J Mackenzie, Kate Zimmermann, Clarissa Nicholls, Mahasha PJ Perera, Alexander Ngoo, Penny L Jeffery, Ian Vela, Tony J Kenna, Elizabeth D Williams, Patrick B Thomas
Treatments targeting the immune system only benefit a subset of patients with bladder cancer (BC). Biomarkers predictive of BC progression and response to specific therapeutic interventions are required. We evaluated whether peripheral blood immune subsets and expression of clinically relevant immune checkpoint markers are associated with clinicopathologic features of BC. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from blood collected from 23 patients with BC and 9 age-matched unaffected-by-cancer control donors were assessed using a 21-parameter flow cytometry panel composed of markers of T, B, natural killer and myeloid populations and immune checkpoint markers. Patients with BC had significantly lower numbers of circulating CD19+ B cells and elevated circulating CD4+CD8+ T cells compared with the control cohort. Immune checkpoint markers programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) were elevated in the total peripheral immune cell population in patients with BC. Within the BC cohort, PD-1 expression in T and myeloid cells was elevated in muscle-invasive compared with non–muscle-invasive disease. In addition, elevated T, B and myeloid PD-1 cell surface expression was significantly associated with tumor stage, suggesting that measures of peripheral immune cell exhaustion may be a predictor of tumor progression in BC. Finally, positive correlations between expression levels of the various immune checkpoints both overall and within key peripheral blood immune subsets collected from patients with BC were observed, highlighting likely coregulation of peripheral immune checkpoint expression. The peripheral blood immunophenotype in patients with BC is altered compared with cancer-free individuals. Understanding this dysregulated immune profile will contribute to the identification of diagnostic and prognostic indicators to guide effective immune-targeted, personalized treatments.
针对免疫系统的治疗只能使一部分膀胱癌(BC)患者受益。需要能预测膀胱癌进展和对特定治疗干预反应的生物标志物。我们评估了外周血免疫亚群和临床相关免疫检查点标记物的表达是否与膀胱癌的临床病理特征相关。从 23 名 BC 患者和 9 名年龄匹配的未受癌症影响的对照供血者的血液中分离出外周血单核细胞,使用 21 个参数的流式细胞仪面板进行评估,该面板由 T、B、自然杀伤细胞、髓样细胞群标记物和免疫检查点标记物组成。与对照组相比,BC 患者的循环 CD19+ B 细胞数量明显减少,而循环 CD4+CD8+ T 细胞数量增加。免疫检查点标记物程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(PD-1)和T细胞免疫球蛋白和含粘蛋白域-3(TIM-3)在BC患者的外周免疫细胞总数中升高。在 BC 患者群中,肌肉浸润性疾病的 T 细胞和骨髓细胞中 PD-1 的表达高于非肌肉浸润性疾病。此外,T、B和髓系PD-1细胞表面表达的升高与肿瘤分期显著相关,这表明外周免疫细胞衰竭的测量值可能是预测BC肿瘤进展的一个指标。最后,从 BC 患者采集的外周血免疫亚群中观察到,各种免疫检查点的表达水平在整体上和关键亚群中都呈正相关,这表明外周血免疫检查点的表达可能存在核心关联。与未患癌症的人相比,BC 患者的外周血免疫表型发生了改变。了解这种失调的免疫特征将有助于确定诊断和预后指标,从而指导有效的免疫靶向个性化治疗。
{"title":"Altered immunophenotypic expression in the peripheral bladder cancer immune landscape","authors":"Nathan J Mackenzie, Kate Zimmermann, Clarissa Nicholls, Mahasha PJ Perera, Alexander Ngoo, Penny L Jeffery, Ian Vela, Tony J Kenna, Elizabeth D Williams, Patrick B Thomas","doi":"10.1111/imcb.12829","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imcb.12829","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Treatments targeting the immune system only benefit a subset of patients with bladder cancer (BC). Biomarkers predictive of BC progression and response to specific therapeutic interventions are required. We evaluated whether peripheral blood immune subsets and expression of clinically relevant immune checkpoint markers are associated with clinicopathologic features of BC. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from blood collected from 23 patients with BC and 9 age-matched unaffected-by-cancer control donors were assessed using a 21-parameter flow cytometry panel composed of markers of T, B, natural killer and myeloid populations and immune checkpoint markers. Patients with BC had significantly lower numbers of circulating CD19<sup>+</sup> B cells and elevated circulating CD4<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells compared with the control cohort. Immune checkpoint markers programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) were elevated in the total peripheral immune cell population in patients with BC. Within the BC cohort, PD-1 expression in T and myeloid cells was elevated in muscle-invasive compared with non–muscle-invasive disease. In addition, elevated T, B and myeloid PD-1 cell surface expression was significantly associated with tumor stage, suggesting that measures of peripheral immune cell exhaustion may be a predictor of tumor progression in BC. Finally, positive correlations between expression levels of the various immune checkpoints both overall and within key peripheral blood immune subsets collected from patients with BC were observed, highlighting likely coregulation of peripheral immune checkpoint expression. The peripheral blood immunophenotype in patients with BC is altered compared with cancer-free individuals. Understanding this dysregulated immune profile will contribute to the identification of diagnostic and prognostic indicators to guide effective immune-targeted, personalized treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":179,"journal":{"name":"Immunology & Cell Biology","volume":"102 10","pages":"949-962"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142542356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Immunology & Cell Biology Publication of the Year Awards have been established for outstanding studies submitted by first authors who are financial members of the Australian & New Zealand Society for Immunology Inc. in the year of the article's publication. Articles vying for these awards can come from any of the journal categories including Original Articles, Outstanding Observations, Perspectives or Short Communications. The Journal undertakes rigorous review to identify the most outstanding original research articles based on scientific excellence. The winner of the Chris and Bhama Parish ICB Publication of the Year Award is awarded an AU$1000 scholarship provided by Wiley and the runner-up is awarded an AU$500 scholarship provided by Miltenyi.
Every year, an outstanding series of papers are submitted for consideration for the prizes and 2023 was no different, with an exceptional standard of science reported in the papers. It is a great pleasure to announce the winners of the awards for 2023 as follows:
The award-winning papers by Drs Kedzierski and von Borstel highlight the outstanding quality of the work published in Immunology & Cell Biology. My very best congratulations are extended to the awardees on their success. I also thank our sponsor Miltenyi for their support of outstanding science and scientists and the journal. It is hoped that the outstanding quality of these awarded publications will also encourage others to consider Immunology & Cell Biology as a key journal for their cutting-edge research.
免疫学与细胞生物学》年度出版物奖是为文章发表当年身为澳大利亚与新西兰免疫学会(Australian & New Zealand Society for Immunology Inc.角逐这些奖项的文章可以来自期刊的任何类别,包括原创文章、杰出观察、展望或短篇通讯。期刊会进行严格审查,根据科学卓越性评选出最杰出的原创研究文章。克里斯-帕里什和巴马-帕里什国际科学理事会年度出版物奖 "的获奖者将获得由 Wiley 公司提供的 1000 澳元奖学金,亚军将获得由 Miltenyi 公司提供的 500 澳元奖学金。我们非常高兴地宣布2023年度的获奖者名单如下:Kedzierski博士和von Borstel博士的获奖论文彰显了《免疫学与amp; 细胞生物学》杂志所发表论文的卓越质量。我衷心祝贺获奖者的成功。我还要感谢我们的赞助商 Miltenyi,感谢他们对杰出科学、科学家和期刊的支持。希望这些获奖论文的杰出质量也能鼓励其他人将《免疫学与细胞生物学》作为他们进行前沿研究的重要期刊。
{"title":"Immunology & Cell Biology Publication of the Year Awards 2023","authors":"Adrian Liston","doi":"10.1111/imcb.12830","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imcb.12830","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The <i>Immunology & Cell Biology</i> Publication of the Year Awards have been established for outstanding studies submitted by first authors who are financial members of the Australian & New Zealand Society for Immunology Inc. in the year of the article's publication. Articles vying for these awards can come from any of the journal categories including Original Articles, Outstanding Observations, Perspectives or Short Communications. The Journal undertakes rigorous review to identify the most outstanding original research articles based on scientific excellence. The winner of the Chris and Bhama Parish ICB Publication of the Year Award is awarded an AU$1000 scholarship provided by Wiley and the runner-up is awarded an AU$500 scholarship provided by Miltenyi.</p><p>Every year, an outstanding series of papers are submitted for consideration for the prizes and 2023 was no different, with an exceptional standard of science reported in the papers. It is a great pleasure to announce the winners of the awards for 2023 as follows:</p><p>The award-winning papers by Drs Kedzierski and von Borstel highlight the outstanding quality of the work published in <i>Immunology & Cell Biology</i>. My very best congratulations are extended to the awardees on their success. I also thank our sponsor Miltenyi for their support of outstanding science and scientists and the journal. It is hoped that the outstanding quality of these awarded publications will also encourage others to consider <i>Immunology & Cell Biology</i> as a key journal for their cutting-edge research.</p>","PeriodicalId":179,"journal":{"name":"Immunology & Cell Biology","volume":"102 10","pages":"866-867"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imcb.12830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed ME Abdalla, Yu Miao, Ning Ming, Chenxi Ouyang
T-cell-mediated therapeutic strategies are the most potent effectors of cancer immunotherapy. However, an essential barrier to this therapy in solid tumors is disrupting the anti-cancer immune response, cancer-immunity cycle, T-cell priming, trafficking and T-cell cytotoxic capacity. Thus, reinforcing the anti-cancer immune response is needed to improve the effectiveness of T-cell-mediated therapy. Tumor-associated protease ADAM10, endothelial cells (ECs) and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells engage in complex communication via adhesion, transmigration and chemotactic mechanisms to facilitate an anti-cancer immune response. The precise impact of ADAM10 on the intricate mechanisms underlying these interactions remains unclear. This paper broadly explores how ADAM10, through different routes, influences the efficacy of T-cell-mediated therapy. ADAM10 cleaves CD8+ T-cell-targeting genes and impacts their expression and specificity. In addition, ADAM10 mediates the interactions of adhesion molecules with T cells and influences CD8+ T-cell activity and trafficking. Thus, understanding the role of ADAM10 in these events may lead to innovative strategies for advancing T-cell-mediated therapies.
T 细胞介导的治疗策略是癌症免疫疗法中最有效的效应因子。然而,这种疗法在实体瘤中的一个重要障碍是破坏了抗癌免疫反应、癌症免疫循环、T 细胞启动、贩运和 T 细胞细胞毒性能力。因此,需要加强抗癌免疫反应,以提高 T 细胞介导疗法的有效性。肿瘤相关蛋白酶ADAM10、内皮细胞(EC)和细胞毒性CD8+ T细胞通过粘附、迁移和趋化机制进行复杂的交流,以促进抗癌免疫反应。ADAM10 对这些相互作用的复杂机制的确切影响仍不清楚。本文广泛探讨了ADAM10如何通过不同途径影响T细胞介导疗法的疗效。ADAM10 可裂解 CD8+ T 细胞靶向基因并影响其表达和特异性。此外,ADAM10 还介导粘附分子与 T 细胞的相互作用,并影响 CD8+ T 细胞的活性和迁移。因此,了解 ADAM10 在这些事件中的作用可能会为推进 T 细胞介导的疗法带来创新策略。
{"title":"ADAM10 modulates the efficacy of T-cell-mediated therapy in solid tumors","authors":"Ahmed ME Abdalla, Yu Miao, Ning Ming, Chenxi Ouyang","doi":"10.1111/imcb.12826","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imcb.12826","url":null,"abstract":"<p>T-cell-mediated therapeutic strategies are the most potent effectors of cancer immunotherapy. However, an essential barrier to this therapy in solid tumors is disrupting the anti-cancer immune response, cancer-immunity cycle, T-cell priming, trafficking and T-cell cytotoxic capacity. Thus, reinforcing the anti-cancer immune response is needed to improve the effectiveness of T-cell-mediated therapy. Tumor-associated protease ADAM10, endothelial cells (ECs) and cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells engage in complex communication <i>via</i> adhesion, transmigration and chemotactic mechanisms to facilitate an anti-cancer immune response. The precise impact of ADAM10 on the intricate mechanisms underlying these interactions remains unclear. This paper broadly explores how ADAM10, through different routes, influences the efficacy of T-cell-mediated therapy. ADAM10 cleaves CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell-targeting genes and impacts their expression and specificity. In addition, ADAM10 mediates the interactions of adhesion molecules with T cells and influences CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell activity and trafficking. Thus, understanding the role of ADAM10 in these events may lead to innovative strategies for advancing T-cell-mediated therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":179,"journal":{"name":"Immunology & Cell Biology","volume":"102 10","pages":"907-923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imcb.12826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ting He, Kangzhi Chen, Qian Zhou, Haobing Cai, Huan Yang
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the most frequent immune-mediated neurological disorder, characterized by fluctuating muscle weakness. Specific recognition of self-antigens by T-cell receptors (TCRs) and B-cell receptors (BCRs), coupled with T–B cell interactions, activates B cells to produce autoantibodies, which are critical for the initiation and perpetuation of MG. The immune repertoire comprises all functionally diverse T and B cells at a specific time point in an individual, reflecting the essence of immune selectivity. By sequencing the nucleotide sequences of TCRs and BCRs, it is possible to track individual T- and B-cell clones. This review delves into the generation of autoreactive TCRs and BCRs in MG and comprehensively examines the applications of immune repertoire sequencing in understanding disease pathogenesis, developing diagnostic and prognostic markers and informing targeted therapies. We also discuss the current limitations and future potential of this approach.
重症肌无力(MG)是最常见的免疫介导的神经系统疾病,以波动性肌无力为特征。T细胞受体(TCR)和B细胞受体(BCR)对自身抗原的特异性识别,加上T-B细胞的相互作用,激活B细胞产生自身抗体,这对肌无力症的发生和持续至关重要。免疫复合物包括个体在特定时间点的所有功能各异的 T 细胞和 B 细胞,反映了免疫选择性的本质。通过对 TCR 和 BCR 的核苷酸序列进行测序,可以追踪单个 T 细胞和 B 细胞克隆。这篇综述深入探讨了 MG 中自身反应性 TCR 和 BCR 的产生,并全面探讨了免疫复合物测序在了解疾病发病机制、开发诊断和预后标记物以及为靶向治疗提供信息方面的应用。我们还讨论了这种方法目前的局限性和未来的潜力。
{"title":"Immune repertoire profiling in myasthenia gravis","authors":"Ting He, Kangzhi Chen, Qian Zhou, Haobing Cai, Huan Yang","doi":"10.1111/imcb.12825","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imcb.12825","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the most frequent immune-mediated neurological disorder, characterized by fluctuating muscle weakness. Specific recognition of self-antigens by T-cell receptors (TCRs) and B-cell receptors (BCRs), coupled with T–B cell interactions, activates B cells to produce autoantibodies, which are critical for the initiation and perpetuation of MG. The immune repertoire comprises all functionally diverse T and B cells at a specific time point in an individual, reflecting the essence of immune selectivity. By sequencing the nucleotide sequences of TCRs and BCRs, it is possible to track individual T- and B-cell clones. This review delves into the generation of autoreactive TCRs and BCRs in MG and comprehensively examines the applications of immune repertoire sequencing in understanding disease pathogenesis, developing diagnostic and prognostic markers and informing targeted therapies. We also discuss the current limitations and future potential of this approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":179,"journal":{"name":"Immunology & Cell Biology","volume":"102 10","pages":"891-906"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imcb.12825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colin Guth, Nathachit Limjunyawong, Priyanka Pundir
Chronic wounds significantly burden health care systems worldwide, requiring novel strategies to ease their impact. Many physiological processes underlying wound healing are well studied but the role of mast cells remains controversial. Mast cells are innate immune cells and play an essential role in barrier function by inducing inflammation to defend the host against chemical irritants and infections, among others. Many mast cell–derived mediators have proposed roles in wound healing; however, in vivo evidence using mouse models has produced conflicting results. Recently, studies involving more complex wound models such as infected wounds, diabetic wounds and wounds healing under psychological stress suggest that mast cells play critical roles in these processes. This review briefly summarizes the existing literature regarding mast cells in normal wounds and the potential reasons for the contradictory results. Focus will be placed on examining more recent work emerging in the last 5 years that explores mast cells in more complex systems of wound healing, including infection, psychological stress and diabetes, with a discussion of how these discoveries may inspire future work in the field.
{"title":"The evolving role of mast cells in wound healing: insights from recent research and diverse models","authors":"Colin Guth, Nathachit Limjunyawong, Priyanka Pundir","doi":"10.1111/imcb.12824","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imcb.12824","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chronic wounds significantly burden health care systems worldwide, requiring novel strategies to ease their impact. Many physiological processes underlying wound healing are well studied but the role of mast cells remains controversial. Mast cells are innate immune cells and play an essential role in barrier function by inducing inflammation to defend the host against chemical irritants and infections, among others. Many mast cell–derived mediators have proposed roles in wound healing; however, <i>in vivo</i> evidence using mouse models has produced conflicting results. Recently, studies involving more complex wound models such as infected wounds, diabetic wounds and wounds healing under psychological stress suggest that mast cells play critical roles in these processes. This review briefly summarizes the existing literature regarding mast cells in normal wounds and the potential reasons for the contradictory results. Focus will be placed on examining more recent work emerging in the last 5 years that explores mast cells in more complex systems of wound healing, including infection, psychological stress and diabetes, with a discussion of how these discoveries may inspire future work in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":179,"journal":{"name":"Immunology & Cell Biology","volume":"102 10","pages":"878-890"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imcb.12824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne-Marie Aubin, Daria Vdovenko, Roxanne Collin, Lois Balmer, Lise Coderre, Grant Morahan, Félix Lombard-Vadnais, Sylvie Lesage
The humoral response is complex and involves multiple cellular populations and signaling pathways. Bacterial and viral infections, as well as immunization regimens, can trigger this type of response, promoting the formation of microanatomical cellular structures called germinal centers (GCs). GCs formed in secondary lymphoid organs support the differentiation of high-affinity plasma cells and memory B cells. There is growing evidence that the quality of the humoral response is influenced by genetic variants. Using 12 genetically divergent mouse strains, we assessed the impact of genetics on GC cellular traits. At steady state, in the spleen, lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, we quantified GC B cells, plasma cells and follicular helper T cells. These traits were also quantified in the spleen of mice following immunization with a foreign antigen, namely, sheep red blood cells, in addition to the number and size of GCs. We observed both strain- and organ-specific variations in cell type abundance, as well as for GC number and size. Moreover, we find that some of these traits are highly heritable. Importantly, the results of this study inform on the impact of genetic diversity in shaping the GC response and identify the traits that are the most impacted by genetic background.
{"title":"Variations in the germinal center response revealed by genetically diverse mouse strains","authors":"Anne-Marie Aubin, Daria Vdovenko, Roxanne Collin, Lois Balmer, Lise Coderre, Grant Morahan, Félix Lombard-Vadnais, Sylvie Lesage","doi":"10.1111/imcb.12823","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imcb.12823","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The humoral response is complex and involves multiple cellular populations and signaling pathways. Bacterial and viral infections, as well as immunization regimens, can trigger this type of response, promoting the formation of microanatomical cellular structures called germinal centers (GCs). GCs formed in secondary lymphoid organs support the differentiation of high-affinity plasma cells and memory B cells. There is growing evidence that the quality of the humoral response is influenced by genetic variants. Using 12 genetically divergent mouse strains, we assessed the impact of genetics on GC cellular traits. At steady state, in the spleen, lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, we quantified GC B cells, plasma cells and follicular helper T cells. These traits were also quantified in the spleen of mice following immunization with a foreign antigen, namely, sheep red blood cells, in addition to the number and size of GCs. We observed both strain- and organ-specific variations in cell type abundance, as well as for GC number and size. Moreover, we find that some of these traits are highly heritable. Importantly, the results of this study inform on the impact of genetic diversity in shaping the GC response and identify the traits that are the most impacted by genetic background.</p>","PeriodicalId":179,"journal":{"name":"Immunology & Cell Biology","volume":"102 10","pages":"935-948"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imcb.12823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}