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OsbHLH6, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, confers arsenic tolerance and root-to-shoot translocation in rice. OsbHLH6是一种碱性螺旋环螺旋转录因子,能赋予水稻耐砷能力和根到芽的转移。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17124
Menghan Huang, Yang Liu, Qianwen Bian, Wenjing Zhao, Juan Zhao, Qingpo Liu

Arsenic (As) is extremely toxic to plants, posing a serious concern for food safety. Identification of genes responsive to As is significative for figuring out this issue. Here, we identified a bHLH transcription factor OsbHLH6 that was involved in mediating the processes of As tolerance, uptake, and root-to-shoot translocation in rice. The expression of OsbHLH6 gene was strongly induced after 3 and 48 h of arsenite [As(III)] treatment. The OsbHLH6-overexpressed transgenic rice (OE-OsbHLH6) was sensitive to, while the knockout mutant of OsbHLH6 gene (Osbhlh6) was tolerant to As(III) stress by affecting the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and non-protein thiols (NPT), etc. Knockout of OsbHLH6 gene increased significantly the As concentration in roots, but decreased extensively As accumulation in shoots, compared to that in OE-OsbHLH6 and WT plants. The transcripts of phytochelatins (PCs) synthetase encoding genes OsPCS1 and OsPCS2, as well as As(III) transporter encoding genes OsLsi1 and OsABCC1 were greatly abundant in Osbhlh6 mutants than in OE-OsbHLH6 and WT plants under As(III) stress. In contrast, the expression of OsLsi2 gene was extensively suppressed by As(III) in Osbhlh6 mutants. OsbHLH6 acted as a transcriptional activator to bind directly to the promoter and regulate the expression of OsPrx2 gene that encodes a peroxidase precursor. Moreover, overexpression of OsbHLH6 gene resulted in significant change of expression of amounts of abiotic stress-related genes, which might partially contribute to the As sensitivity of OE-OsbHLH6 plants. These findings may broaden our understanding of the molecular mechanism of OsbHLH6-mediated As response in rice and provide novel useful genes for rice As stress-resistant breeding.

砷(As)对植物有剧毒,严重威胁食品安全。鉴定对砷有反应的基因对解决这一问题具有重要意义。在这里,我们发现了一个 bHLH 转录因子 OsbHLH6,它参与了水稻对砷的耐受、吸收和根到芽的转位过程。在亚砷酸[As(III)]处理 3 小时和 48 小时后,OsbHLH6 基因的表达被强烈诱导。表达 OsbHLH6 基因的转基因水稻(OE-OsbHLH6)对亚砷酸[As(III)]胁迫敏感,而敲除 OsbHLH6 基因的突变体(Osbhlh6)通过影响活性氧(ROS)和非蛋白质硫醇(NPT)等的含量而对亚砷酸[As(III)]胁迫耐受。与OE-OsbHLH6和WT植株相比,敲除OsbHLH6基因会显著增加根中As的浓度,但会减少芽中As的大量积累。在As(III)胁迫下,Osbhlh6突变体中植物螯合素(PCs)合成酶编码基因OsPCS1和OsPCS2以及As(III)转运体编码基因OsLsi1和OsABCC1的转录量大大高于OE-OsbHLH6和WT植株。相反,OsLsi2基因的表达在Osbhlh6突变体中受到As(III)的广泛抑制。OsbHLH6 作为转录激活因子直接与启动子结合,调控编码过氧化物酶前体的 OsPrx2 基因的表达。此外,OsbHLH6基因的过表达导致非生物胁迫相关基因的表达量发生了显著变化,这可能是OE-OsbHLH6植株对As敏感的部分原因。这些发现可能会拓宽我们对 OsbHLH6 介导的水稻砷反应分子机制的认识,并为水稻抗砷胁迫育种提供新的有用基因。
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引用次数: 0
Photosystem rearrangements, photosynthetic efficiency, and plant growth in far red-enriched light. 远红外光照下的光系统重排、光合效率和植物生长。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17127
Maïté Leschevin, Brigitte Ksas, Raymonde Baltenweck, Philippe Hugueney, Stefano Caffarri, Michel Havaux

Arabidopsis plants were grown in white light (400-700 nm) or in white light supplemented with far-red (FR) light peaking at 730 nm. FR-enriched light induced the typical shade avoidance syndrome characterized by enhanced length of seedling hypocotyl and leaf petiole. FR supplementation also caused a noticeable decrease in the carotenoid and chlorophyll content that was attributable to a block of pigment accumulation during plant development. The carotenoid decrease resulted from a downregulation of their biosynthesis pathway rather than carotenoid degradation. The losses of photosynthetic pigments are part of structural and functional rearrangements of the photosynthetic apparatus. The plastoquinone pool was chronically more oxidized in plants acclimated to white + FR light compared to white light-grown plants. Growth in FR-enriched light was associated with a higher photochemical efficiency of PSII compared to growth in white light and with a substantial increase in root and shoot biomass production. Light distribution between the photosystems was modified in favor of PSII by an increase in the PSII/PSI ratio and an inhibition of state transitions. Neither LHCII abundance nor nonphotochemical energy dissipation in the PSII chlorophyll antennae were modified significantly by the addition of FR light. A PSI supercomplex, not previously observed in Arabidopsis, was specifically found in plants grown in FR-enriched light. This large PSI complex contains a supplementary Lhca1-4 dimer, leading to a total of 6 LHCI antennae instead of 4 in the canonical PSI. Through those photosystem rearrangements and the synergistic interaction with white light, FR light is photosynthetically active and can boost photosynthesis and plant growth.

拟南芥植株在白光(400-700 nm)或白光辅以峰值为 730 nm 的远红光(FR)下生长。富含 FR 的光诱导了典型的避光综合征,其特征是幼苗下胚轴和叶柄的长度增加。补充红外光还导致类胡萝卜素和叶绿素含量明显下降,这归因于植物生长过程中色素积累受阻。类胡萝卜素减少的原因是其生物合成途径下调,而不是类胡萝卜素降解。光合色素的损失是光合装置结构和功能重组的一部分。与白光生长的植物相比,适应白光+FR 光的植物质醌池的长期氧化程度更高。与在白光下生长相比,在富集 FR 光下生长的植物 PSII 的光化学效率更高,根和芽的生物量产量也大幅增加。通过增加 PSII/PSI 比率和抑制状态转换,光系统之间的光分布发生了有利于 PSII 的变化。加入 FR 光后,PSII 叶绿素触角中的 LHCII 丰度和非光化学能量耗散都没有显著改变。在拟南芥中以前未观察到的 PSI 超级复合物,在 FR 富集光下生长的植物中被特别发现。这个大型 PSI 复合物包含一个补充的 Lhca1-4 二聚体,导致总共有 6 个 LHCI 触角,而不是典型 PSI 中的 4 个。通过这些光系统重排以及与白光的协同作用,FR 光具有光合作用活性,可以促进光合作用和植物生长。
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引用次数: 0
Tomato MADS-RIN regulates GAME5 expression to promote non-bitter glycoalkaloid biosynthesis in fruit. 番茄 MADS-RIN 可调控 GAME5 的表达,促进果实中非苦味糖醛酸的生物合成。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17125
Yinhuan Xie, Yaping Xu, Huimin Jia, Ke Wang, Siyu Chen, Ting Ma, Yuanwei Deng, Zhaobo Lang, Qingfeng Niu

A well-known defense-associated steroidal glycoalkaloid (SGA) metabolic shift eliminates the bitterness and toxicity of ripe tomato fruits. This study was conducted to clarify the effects of MADS-RIN (RIN) and its cofactors on SGA metabolism in tomato fruits. Using a CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing system, we mutated RIN and two cofactor genes (FUL1 and FUL2). The observed changes to fruit color and size in the mutants reflected the overlapping and distinct effects of RIN, FUL1, and FUL2 on fruit ripening. According to a UPLC-MS/MS analysis, the RIN and cofactor mutants had decreased levels of the relatively non-toxic metabolite esculeoside A, but they accumulated toxic SGA pathway intermediates, suggesting RIN and its cofactors are directly involved in esculeoside A biosynthesis. Transcriptome and qPCR analyses detected the downregulated expression of GAME5, which encodes a key enzyme mediating esculeoside A biosynthesis. ChIP-seq and ChIP-qPCR analyses confirmed GAME5 is targeted by RIN. RIN was observed to activate GAME5 transcription by binding to two non-canonical CArG-boxes in the GAME5 promoter. Additionally, RIN promotes SGA metabolism independently of ethylene. Collectively, these findings enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanism governing tomato fruit ripening and SGA biosynthesis. Furthermore, they may be useful for improving tomato fruit quality and safety.

众所周知,与防御相关的类固醇糖醛酸(SGA)代谢转变可消除成熟番茄果实的苦味和毒性。本研究旨在阐明 MADS-RIN(RIN)及其辅助因子对番茄果实中 SGA 代谢的影响。利用基于 CRISPR/Cas9 的基因编辑系统,我们突变了 RIN 和两个辅助因子基因(FUL1 和 FUL2)。在突变体中观察到的果实颜色和大小的变化反映了 RIN、FUL1 和 FUL2 对果实成熟的重叠和不同影响。根据 UPLC-MS/MS 分析,RIN 和辅助因子突变体中相对无毒的代谢物 esculeoside A 水平降低,但它们积累了有毒的 SGA 途径中间产物,这表明 RIN 及其辅助因子直接参与了 esculeoside A 的生物合成。转录组和 qPCR 分析检测到 GAME5 的表达下调,GAME5 编码介导 esculeoside A 生物合成的关键酶。ChIP-seq 和 ChIP-qPCR 分析证实 GAME5 是 RIN 的靶标。据观察,RIN 通过与 GAME5 启动子中的两个非经典 CArG-box 结合来激活 GAME5 的转录。此外,RIN 促进 SGA 的代谢与乙烯无关。总之,这些发现加深了我们对番茄果实成熟和 SGA 生物合成分子机制的理解。此外,这些发现可能有助于提高番茄果实的质量和安全性。
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引用次数: 0
TaWRKY24 integrates the tryptophan metabolism pathways to participate in defense against Fusarium crown rot in wheat. TaWRKY24 整合色氨酸代谢途径,参与防御小麦冠腐镰刀菌。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17079
Xing Xu, Tai-Fei Yu, Ji-Tong Wei, Xiao-Fei Ma, Yong-Wei Liu, Jin-Peng Zhang, Lei Zheng, Ze-Hao Hou, Jun Chen, Yong-Bin Zhou, Ming Chen, Jian Ma, Yun-Feng Jiang, Hu-Tai Ji, Li-Hui Li, You-Zhi Ma, Zhi-An Zhang, Zhao-Shi Xu

Wheat growth process has been experiencing severe challenges arising from the adverse environment. Notably, the incidence of Fusarium crown rot (FCR), a severe soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum (Fp), has significantly intensified in various wheat-growing regions, resulting in a decline in grain yield. However, the identification of wheat varieties and the exploration of effective gene resources resistant to FCR have not yet been accomplished. Here, we screened and identified the tryptophan metabolism pathway to participate in wheat resistance to FCR by correlation analysis between transcriptome and metabolome, and found that indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAld) and melatonin, two key metabolites in the tryptophan metabolic pathway, were significantly accumulated in Fp-induced wheat stem bases. Interestingly, exogenous application of these two metabolites could significantly enhance wheat resistance against Fp. Additionally, we observed that the activity of TaALDHase, a crucial enzyme responsible for catalyzing IAAld to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), was inhibited. Conversely, the activity of TaMTase, a rate-limiting involved in melatonin biosynthesis, was enhanced in the Fp-induced wheat transcriptome. Further analysis showed that TaWRKY24 could regulate IAA and melatonin biosynthesis by inhibiting the expression of TaALDHase and enhancing the transcription of TaMTase, respectively. Silencing of TaALDHase could significantly increase wheat resistance to FCR. However, interference with TaWRKY24 or TaMTase could decrease wheat resistance to FCR. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the crucial role of the tryptophan metabolism pathway in conferring resistance against FCR in wheat, thereby expanding its repertoire of biological functions within the plant system.

小麦的生长过程一直面临着不利环境带来的严峻挑战。值得注意的是,由假根腐镰刀菌(Fp)引起的严重土传病害--冠腐镰刀菌(FCR)在各小麦种植区的发病率显著上升,导致粮食减产。然而,抗 FCR 的小麦品种的鉴定和有效基因资源的发掘尚未完成。在此,我们通过转录组和代谢组之间的相关性分析,筛选并确定了参与小麦抗FCR的色氨酸代谢途径,发现色氨酸代谢途径中的两种关键代谢产物吲哚-3-乙醛(IAAld)和褪黑激素在Fp诱导的小麦茎基部显著积累。有趣的是,外源施用这两种代谢物能显著增强小麦对 Fp 的抗性。此外,我们还观察到负责催化 IAAld 生成吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)的关键酶 TaALDHase 的活性受到抑制。相反,在 Fp 诱导的小麦转录组中,参与褪黑激素生物合成的限速酶 TaMTase 的活性增强。进一步分析表明,TaWRKY24 可分别通过抑制 TaALDHase 的表达和增强 TaMTase 的转录来调控 IAA 和褪黑激素的生物合成。沉默 TaALDHase 可显著提高小麦对 FCR 的抗性。然而,干扰 TaWRKY24 或 TaMTase 则会降低小麦对 FCR 的抗性。总之,我们的研究结果证明了色氨酸代谢途径在赋予小麦抗FCR能力中的关键作用,从而扩大了其在植物系统中的生物功能范围。
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引用次数: 0
RETRACTION: Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of a large, diverse population of maize near-isogenic lines. 返回:对大量不同的玉米近等基因系进行基因型和表型鉴定。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17078

Retraction: L. Morales, A. C. Repka, K. L. Swarts, W. C. Stafstrom, Y. He, S. M. Sermons, Q. Yang, L. O. Lopez-Zuniga, E. Rucker, W. E. Thomason, R. J. Nelson, P. J. Balint-Kurti. "Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of a large, diverse population of maize near-isogenic lines," The Plant Journal 103, no. 3 (2020): 1246-1255. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14787. The above article, published online on 29 April 2020, in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors; the journal Editor-in-Chief, Katherine Denby; Society for Experimental Biology (SEB); and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed following a report submitted by the authors indicating that the imputation of genotypes outlined in the article caused errors in the reported positions of introgressions in the lines. The authors also declared that some of the pedigree information is inaccurate. As a result, all authors agree that the paper must be retracted. The authors have stated their intention to publish a corrected report with improved analyses of introgression positions.

撤回:L. Morales、A. C. Repka、K. L. Swarts、W. C. Stafstrom、Y. He、S. M. Sermons、Q. Yang、L. O. Lopez-Zuniga、E. Rucker、W. E. Thomason、R. J. Nelson、P. J. Balint-Kurti。"玉米近等基因系大型多样化群体的基因型和表型特征",《植物学报》第 103 期,no.3 (2020): 1246-1255. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14787.上述文章于 2020 年 4 月 29 日在线发表于 Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com),经作者、期刊主编 Katherine Denby、Society for Experimental Biology (SEB) 和 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.同意,已被撤回。作者提交的一份报告显示,文章中概述的基因型估算造成了所报告的品系中引种位置的错误,因此作者同意撤回文章。作者还声明部分血统信息不准确。因此,所有作者一致认为必须撤回该论文。作者表示,他们打算发表一份经更正的报告,并改进对引种位置的分析。
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引用次数: 0
Ancient duplications, multidimensional specializations, and defense role of hexokinases in wheat. 小麦中 hexokinases 的古老复制、多维特化和防御作用。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17122
Xiaolin Tian, Fan Li, Jie Lin, Yun Xu, Kai Tian, Lihua Gu, Yanfeng Zhang, Jin-Rong Xu, Qinhu Wang

Hexokinases (HXKs), which sense and catalyze cellular sugar, play a critical role in the growth and development of various plants, including wheat, a primary source of human calories frequently attacked by fungal pathogens. However, the evolutionary dynamics and functional diversification of HXKs in wheat, particularly their roles in plant defense, remain unclear. Here, we discovered that the wheat hexokinase gene family originated through multiple ancient gene duplications across different plant lineages and has undergone comprehensive, multidimensional functional specialization in gene expression, subcellular localization, enzyme activity, and regulation of plant defense responses. Gene expression analysis suggests that two-thirds of the TaHXK genes are responsive to fungal infection. Subcellular analysis reveals that while six TaHXKs are localized in mitochondria, three TaHXKs from different phylogenetic branches are sorted into other cellular compartments. Notably, biochemical analysis shows that TaHXKs in mitochondria differ in their glucose-catalyzing activity, with TaHXK5 and TaHXK3 exhibiting the highest and lowest enzyme activity, respectively. Consistently, transient expression analysis suggests that TaHXK5 induces various plant defense responses, while TaHXK3 is defective in activating some plant defense responses. Furthermore, inactivation of the glucokinase activity of TaHXK5 compromised its function in defense activation, suggesting that mitochondrial TaHXKs display functional divergence in both enzyme activity and defense-inducing activity that are intrinsically connected. Overall, our findings reveal that the multidimensional specialization events following the ancient duplication events may have shaped the functional diversity of HXKs in wheat, shedding light on their evolutionary dynamics and potentially contributing to the improvement of wheat defense.

六磷酸酶(HXKs)能感知和催化细胞糖分,在各种植物的生长发育过程中发挥着至关重要的作用,其中包括经常受到真菌病原体侵袭的人类主要热量来源--小麦。然而,小麦中 HXKs 的进化动态和功能多样化,特别是它们在植物防御中的作用,仍然不清楚。在这里,我们发现小麦己糖激酶基因家族起源于不同植物品系的多个古老基因重复,并在基因表达、亚细胞定位、酶活性和植物防御反应调控等方面经历了全面、多维的功能特化。基因表达分析表明,三分之二的 TaHXK 基因对真菌感染有反应。亚细胞分析表明,6 个 TaHXK 定位于线粒体,而来自不同系统发育分支的 3 个 TaHXK 则被分类到其他细胞区。值得注意的是,生化分析表明,线粒体中的 TaHXKs 在葡萄糖催化活性方面存在差异,其中 TaHXK5 和 TaHXK3 的酶活性分别最高和最低。同样,瞬时表达分析表明,TaHXK5 能诱导各种植物防御反应,而 TaHXK3 在激活某些植物防御反应方面存在缺陷。此外,使 TaHXK5 的葡萄糖激酶活性失活会影响其在防御激活中的功能,这表明线粒体 TaHXKs 在酶活性和防御诱导活性方面存在功能差异,而这两者之间存在内在联系。总之,我们的发现揭示了古代复制事件之后的多维特化事件可能塑造了小麦中 HXKs 的功能多样性,揭示了它们的进化动态,并可能有助于提高小麦的防御能力。
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引用次数: 0
A plastidial lipoyl synthase LIP1p plays a crucial role in phosphate homeostasis in Arabidopsis. 拟南芥质体脂酰合成酶 LIP1p 在磷酸盐平衡中发挥着至关重要的作用。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17117
Shenghong Ge, Xinlong Xiao, Ke Zhang, Changhong Yang, Jinsong Dong, Keying Chen, Qiuyu Lv, Viswanathan Satheesh, Mingguang Lei

Phosphate (Pi) homeostasis is important for plant growth and adaptation to the dynamic environment, which requires the precise regulation of phosphate transporter (PHT) trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. LIPOYL SYNTHASE 1p (LIP1p) is known as a key enzyme in plastids to catalyze lipoylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex for de novo fatty acid synthesis. It is unknown whether this process is involved in regulating Pi homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate a new role of LIP1p in controlling Pi homeostasis by regulating PHT1 trafficking. We recovered a weak mutant allele of LIP1p in Arabidopsis that accumulates much less Pi and has enhanced expression of phosphate starvation-induced genes. LIP1p mutation alters the lipid profile and compromises vesicle trafficking of PHT1 to the plasma membrane to impair Pi uptake. Beside phosphorus, the homeostasis of a series of mineral nutrients was also perturbed in lip1p mutant. Our findings provide powerful genetic evidence to support the linkage between lipoylation and ion homeostasis in plants.

磷酸盐(Pi)平衡对植物生长和适应动态环境非常重要,这需要精确调节磷酸盐转运体(PHT)从内质网到质膜的运输。众所周知,脂酰合成酶 1p(LIP1p)是质体中催化丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物脂酰化以进行新脂肪酸合成的关键酶。目前还不清楚这一过程是否参与调节 Pi 稳态。在这里,我们证明了 LIP1p 通过调节 PHT1 的运输在控制 Pi 稳态中的新作用。我们在拟南芥中发现了一个 LIP1p 的弱突变等位基因,它积累的 Pi 更少,而且磷酸盐饥饿诱导基因的表达增强。LIP1p突变改变了脂质结构,损害了PHT1向质膜的囊泡运输,从而影响了π的吸收。除了磷之外,lip1p突变体中一系列矿质营养物质的平衡也受到了干扰。我们的研究结果为支持植物中脂酰化与离子平衡之间的联系提供了有力的遗传证据。
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引用次数: 0
The dynamic N1-methyladenosine RNA methylation provides insights into the tomato fruit ripening. 动态 N1-甲基腺苷 RNA 甲基化为番茄果实成熟提供了启示。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17095
Lili Ma, Jinhua Zuo, Chunmei Bai, Anzhen Fu, Qing Wang, Zhongjing Zhou, Zhiping Deng, Jinjuan Tan, Mondher Bouzayen, Yanyan Zheng

N1-methyladenosine (m1A) methylation is an essential mechanism of gene regulation known to impact several biological processes in living organisms. However, little is known about the abundance, distribution, and functional significance of mRNA m1A modification during fruit ripening of tomato the main model species for fleshy fruits. Our study shows that m1A modifications are prevalent in tomato mRNA and are detected in lncRNA and circRNA. The distribution of m1A peaks in mRNA segments indicates that m1A is mainly enriched at the start codon and CDS regions. Assessing changes in global RNA methylation during fruit ripening in wild-type tomatoes and in the ripening-impaired Nr mutant affected in the ethylene receptor gene (SlETR3) revealed a decrease in the overall methylation levels from mature green (MG) stage to 6 days postbreaker (Br + 6). Nr mutant fruits show significantly lower methylation levels than Ailsa Craig (AC) fruits. Notably, differences in m1A methylation are well correlated to the expression levels of a number of key ripening-related genes. The integration of RNA-seq and MeRIP-seq data suggests a potential positive impact of m1A modifications on gene expression. In comparison to the AC fruits, the hypomethylation and reduced expression of ethylene-related genes, ACO3, EBF1, and ERF.D6, in the Nr mutants likely underpin the distinct phenotypic traits observed between the two fruit genotypes at the Br6 stage. Overall, our study brings further arguments supporting the potential significance of m1A methylation modifications in fruit ripening, a developmental process that is instrumental to plant reproduction and to fruit sensory and nutritional qualities.

N1-甲基腺苷(m1A)甲基化是基因调控的一种重要机制,已知会影响生物体内的多个生物过程。然而,人们对番茄(肉质水果的主要模式物种)果实成熟过程中 mRNA m1A 修饰的丰度、分布和功能意义知之甚少。我们的研究表明,m1A修饰在番茄mRNA中很普遍,在lncRNA和circRNA中也能检测到。m1A 峰在 mRNA 片段中的分布表明,m1A 主要富集在起始密码子和 CDS 区域。评估野生型番茄和受乙烯受体基因(SlETR3)影响的成熟障碍 Nr 突变体果实成熟过程中全局 RNA 甲基化的变化发现,从成熟绿色(MG)阶段到破壁后 6 天(Br + 6),整体甲基化水平有所下降。Nr 突变体果实的甲基化水平明显低于 Ailsa Craig(AC)果实。值得注意的是,m1A 甲基化的差异与一些关键成熟相关基因的表达水平密切相关。RNA-seq 和 MeRIP-seq 数据的整合表明,m1A 修饰对基因表达有潜在的积极影响。与 AC 果实相比,Nr 突变体中乙烯相关基因 ACO3、EBF1 和 ERF.D6 的低甲基化和表达减少可能是两种果实基因型在 Br6 阶段观察到的不同表型特征的基础。总之,我们的研究进一步证明了 m1A 甲基化修饰在果实成熟过程中的潜在意义,这一发育过程对植物的繁殖以及果实的感官和营养品质至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Novel resources to investigate leaf plasmodesmata formation in C3 and C4 monocots. 研究 C3 和 C4 单子叶植物叶质体形成的新资源。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17113
Hong Ting Tsang, Diep R Ganguly, Robert T Furbank, Susanne von Caemmerer, Florence R Danila

Plasmodesmata (PD) are nanochannels that facilitate cell-to-cell transport in plants. More productive and photosynthetically efficient C4 plants form more PD at the mesophyll (M)-bundle sheath (BS) interface in their leaves than their less efficient C3 relatives. In C4 leaves, PD play an essential role in facilitating the rapid metabolite exchange between the M and BS cells to operate a biochemical CO2 concentrating mechanism, which increases the CO2 partial pressure at the site of Rubisco in the BS cells and hence photosynthetic efficiency. The genetic mechanism controlling PD formation in C3 and C4 leaves is largely unknown, especially in monocot crops, due to the technical challenge of quantifying these nanostructures with electron microscopy. To address this issue, we have generated stably transformed lines of Oryza sativa (rice, C3) and Setaria viridis (setaria, C4) with fluorescent protein-tagged PD to build the first spatiotemporal atlas of leaf pit field (cluster of PD) density in monocots without the need for electron microscopy. Across leaf development, setaria had consistently more PD connections at the M-BS wall interface than rice while the difference in M-M pit field density varied. While light was a critical trigger of PD formation, cell type and function determined leaf pit field density. Complementary temporal mRNA sequencing and gene co-expression network analysis revealed that the pattern of pit field density correlated with differentially expressed PD-associated genes and photosynthesis-related genes. PD-associated genes identified from our co-expression network analysis are related to cell wall expansion, translation and chloroplast signalling.

质膜(PD)是促进植物细胞间运输的纳米通道。与光合作用效率较低的 C3 植物相比,光合作用效率较高的 C4 植物在叶片的中叶(M)-束鞘(BS)界面形成的质膜更多。在 C4 叶片中,PD 在促进 M 细胞和 BS 细胞之间的快速代谢物交换方面起着至关重要的作用,以运行一种生化 CO2 浓缩机制,从而提高 BS 细胞中 Rubisco 所在位置的 CO2 分压,进而提高光合效率。控制 C3 和 C4 叶片中 PD 形成的遗传机制在很大程度上是未知的,尤其是在单子叶作物中,这是因为用电子显微镜量化这些纳米结构是一项技术挑战。为了解决这个问题,我们培育了具有荧光蛋白标记的PD的Oryza sativa(水稻,C3)和Setaria viridis(莎草,C4)稳定转化品系,首次建立了无需电子显微镜的单子叶植物叶坑场(PD群)密度时空图谱。在整个叶片发育过程中,与水稻相比,莎草在中-基质壁界面上的PD连接一直较多,而中-间凹坑场密度的差异则各不相同。虽然光是PD形成的关键触发因素,但细胞类型和功能决定了叶坑场密度。互补时序mRNA测序和基因共表达网络分析显示,坑田密度模式与差异表达的PD相关基因和光合作用相关基因相关。从共表达网络分析中发现的PD相关基因与细胞壁扩张、翻译和叶绿体信号传导有关。
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引用次数: 0
ABI3 regulates ABI1 function to control cell length in primary root elongation zone. ABI3 可调节 ABI1 的功能,从而控制主根伸长区的细胞长度。
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17121
Saptarshi Datta, Drishti Mandal, Sicon Mitra, Swarnavo Chakraborty, Ronita Nag Chaudhuri

Post-embryonic primary root growth is effectively an interplay of several hormone signalling pathways. Here, we show that the ABA-responsive transcription factor ABI3 controls primary root growth through the regulation of JA signalling molecule JAZ1 along with ABA-responsive factor ABI1. In the absence of ABI3, the primary root elongation zone is shortened with significantly reduced cell length. Expression analyses and ChIP-based assays indicate that ABI3 negatively regulates JAZ1 expression by occupying its upstream regulatory sequence and enriching repressive histone modification mark H3K27 trimethylation, thereby occluding RNAPII occupancy. Previous studies have shown that JAZ1 interacts with ABI1, the protein phosphatase 2C, that works during ABA signalling. Our results indicate that in the absence of ABI3, when JAZ1 expression levels are high, the ABI1 protein shows increased stability, compared to when JAZ1 is absent, or ABI3 is overexpressed. Consequently, in the abi3-6 mutant, due to the higher stability of ABI1, reduced phosphorylation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase (AHA2) occurs. HPTS staining further indicated that abi3-6 root cell apoplasts show reduced protonation, compared to wild-type and ABI3 overexpressing seedlings. Such impeded proton extrusion negatively affects cell length in the primary root elongation zone. ABI3 therefore controls cell elongation in the primary root by affecting the ABI1-dependent protonation of root cell apoplasts. In summary, ABI3 controls the expression of JAZ1 and in turn modulates the function of ABI1 to regulate cell length in the elongation zone during primary root growth.

胚后主根的生长实际上是多种激素信号途径相互作用的结果。在这里,我们发现 ABA 响应转录因子 ABI3 通过调控 JA 信号分子 JAZ1 和 ABA 响应因子 ABI1 来控制主根的生长。在 ABI3 缺失的情况下,主根伸长区缩短,细胞长度显著减少。表达分析和基于 ChIP 的检测表明,ABI3 通过占据 JAZ1 的上游调控序列并富集抑制性组蛋白修饰标记 H3K27 三甲基化,从而阻断 RNAPII 的占据,从而负向调控 JAZ1 的表达。先前的研究表明,JAZ1 与 ABA 信号传导过程中起作用的蛋白磷酸酶 2C ABI1 相互作用。我们的研究结果表明,在没有 ABI3 的情况下,当 JAZ1 表达水平较高时,与 JAZ1 缺失或 ABI3 过表达时相比,ABI1 蛋白显示出更高的稳定性。因此,在 abi3-6 突变体中,由于 ABI1 的稳定性提高,质膜 H+-ATPase(AHA2)的磷酸化减少。HPTS 染色进一步表明,与野生型和 ABI3 过表达幼苗相比,abi3-6 根细胞凋亡体的质子化程度降低。这种质子挤出的阻碍对主根伸长区的细胞长度产生了负面影响。因此,ABI3 通过影响根细胞凋亡体的 ABI1 依赖性质子化来控制主根的细胞伸长。总之,ABI3 控制 JAZ1 的表达,进而调节 ABI1 的功能,从而在主根生长过程中调节伸长区的细胞长度。
{"title":"ABI3 regulates ABI1 function to control cell length in primary root elongation zone.","authors":"Saptarshi Datta, Drishti Mandal, Sicon Mitra, Swarnavo Chakraborty, Ronita Nag Chaudhuri","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-embryonic primary root growth is effectively an interplay of several hormone signalling pathways. Here, we show that the ABA-responsive transcription factor ABI3 controls primary root growth through the regulation of JA signalling molecule JAZ1 along with ABA-responsive factor ABI1. In the absence of ABI3, the primary root elongation zone is shortened with significantly reduced cell length. Expression analyses and ChIP-based assays indicate that ABI3 negatively regulates JAZ1 expression by occupying its upstream regulatory sequence and enriching repressive histone modification mark H3K27 trimethylation, thereby occluding RNAPII occupancy. Previous studies have shown that JAZ1 interacts with ABI1, the protein phosphatase 2C, that works during ABA signalling. Our results indicate that in the absence of ABI3, when JAZ1 expression levels are high, the ABI1 protein shows increased stability, compared to when JAZ1 is absent, or ABI3 is overexpressed. Consequently, in the abi3-6 mutant, due to the higher stability of ABI1, reduced phosphorylation of plasma membrane H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase (AHA2) occurs. HPTS staining further indicated that abi3-6 root cell apoplasts show reduced protonation, compared to wild-type and ABI3 overexpressing seedlings. Such impeded proton extrusion negatively affects cell length in the primary root elongation zone. ABI3 therefore controls cell elongation in the primary root by affecting the ABI1-dependent protonation of root cell apoplasts. In summary, ABI3 controls the expression of JAZ1 and in turn modulates the function of ABI1 to regulate cell length in the elongation zone during primary root growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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The Plant Journal
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