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Polar regions are critically implicated in our understanding of global climate change. This is particularly the case for the Arctic, where positive feedback loops and climate tipping points enhance complexity and urgency. Half of the Arctic and much of the world's permafrost zone lie within Russian territory. Heightened geopolitical tensions, however, have severely damaged scientific collaboration between Russia and previously well established academic partners in western countries. Isolation is now causing increasingly large data gaps in arctic research that affect our ability to make accurate predictions of the impact of climate change on natural and societal systems at all scales from local to global. Here, we argue that options to resume both practical knowledge of collaborative working and flows of research data from Russia for global arctic science must continue to be asserted, despite an increasing tendency for the Arctic to become disconnected. Time is short, as preparations for the fifth International Polar Year begin to gather momentum. While sanctions remain in place, efforts to foster peer to peer connections and re-activate effective institutional cooperation are vital to address the grand challenges of global climate change.

This paper assesses how strategic planning for nature can be improved for England's built and natural environment using mainstreaming and landscape-scale concepts. Whilst both concepts feature in academic literature, there has been limited attention on their role as catalytic agents for strategic planning. Addressing this gap, evidence is used from two stakeholder workshops involving 62 senior policy experts managing a range of operational and hypothetical strategic spatial planning challenges. The results reveal a significantly weakened strategic planning arena characterised by policy disintegration, short termism and uncertainty. Key findings highlight the fallacy of pursuing strategic planning for nature in isolation from wider policy integration fusing environmental, economic and social components from the outset. Current barriers to progress include institutional inertia, technocratic vocabularies and neoliberalist priorities exacerbated by a weak underlying theory. Conversely opportunities for mainstreaming processes may help knowledge generation and exchange within transdisciplinary partnerships, whilst landscape scale thinking can improve understanding of issues using natures inherent geometry transforming processes and outcomes. The paper recommends the adoption of strategic planning pathways using mainstreaming and landscape-scale approaches working in tandem. Whilst focused on the English context, our findings are transferable to other planning systems in the Global North, especially those championing neoliberal market led policies.

Changes in wild and domestic herbivore populations significantly impact extensive grazing systems, particularly in low productive environments, where increasing wild herbivore populations are perceived as a threat to farming. To assess the magnitude of these changes in Iceland, we compiled time series on herbivore populations from 1986 to 2020 and estimated changes in species densities, metabolic biomass, and consumption of plant biomass in improved lands and unimproved rangelands. We compared estimates of consumption rates to past and present net primary production. Overall, the herbivore community composition shifted from livestock to wildlife dominated. However, wild herbivores only contributed a small fraction (14%) of the total herbivore metabolic biomass and consumption (4-7%), and livestock dominated the overall herbivore biomass. These insights highlight the necessity of developing improved local integrated management for both wild and domestic herbivores where they coexist.

Embracing a "more global" urban comparison in scientific assessments of climate actions by cities is essential to drive greater and more inclusive participation in global efforts to curb climate change. This comparison needs to engage cities irrespective of their size and status: when we do so, distinctive patterns of urban climate mitigation actions across a diverse range of cities emerge. Employing K-means clustering as a pattern recognition method, this study compares cities based on selected aspects of their reported mitigation actions to the Carbon Disclosure Project. It explores whether the identified clusters facilitate the comparison of a socio-spatially diverse range of cities. The study identifies five clusters within two themes, namely the nature and finance-implementation of actions, shedding light on shared and distinct governance aspects of mitigation actions by cities. Notably, the study underscores how governance patterns transcend city size and global status. These findings offer valuable insights for broadening the comparative imagination of cities and inter-city networking opportunities.

Climate concern is on the rise in many countries and recent research finds that lifestyle- and behaviour-change could advance climate action; yet, individuals struggle to move their climate concern into action. This is known as the 'awareness-action inconsistency,' 'psychological climate paradox,' or 'values-action gap.' While this gap has been extensively studied, climate action implementation and policy-design seldom sufficiently apply that body of knowledge in practice. This Perspective presents a comprehensive heuristic to account for how individuals bring climate change into their awareness (climate action-logics), how they keep climate change out of their awareness (climate shadow), how social narratives contribute to shaping choices (climate discourses), and how systems and structures influence and constrain agency (climate-action systems). The heuristic is illustrated with an example of 15-Minute Cities in Canada. Understanding the multifaceted dilemma that weighs on people's sense-making and behaviours may help policy-makers and practitioners to ameliorate the climate awareness-action gap.

Protein phosphorylation, a common post-translational modification (PTM), is fundamental in a plethora of biological processes, most importantly in modulating cell signaling pathways. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is an attractive method for phosphopeptide characterization due to its high speed, low limit of detection, and surface sampling capabilities. However, MALDI analysis of phosphopeptides is constrained by relatively low abundances in biological samples and poor relative ionization efficiencies in positive ion mode. Additionally, MALDI tends to produce singly charged ions, generally limiting the accessible MS/MS techniques that can be used for peptide sequencing. For example, collision induced dissociation (CID) is readily amendable to the analysis of singly charged ions, but results in facile loss of phosphoric acid, precluding the localization of the PTM. Electron-based dissociation methods (e.g., electron capture dissociation, ECD) are well suited for PTM localization, but require multiply charged peptide cations to avoid neutralization during ECD. Conversely, phosphopeptides are readily ionized using MALDI in negative ion mode. If the precursor ions are first formed in negative ion mode, a gas-phase charge inversion ion/ion reaction could then be used to transform the phosphopeptide anions produced via MALDI into multiply charged cations that are well-suited for ECD. Herein we demonstrate a multistep workflow combining a charge inversion ion/ion reaction that first transforms MALDI-generated phosphopeptide monoanions into multiply charged cations, and then subjects these multiply charged phosphopeptide cations to ECD for sequence determination and phosphate bond localization.

The development of mass spectrometric and ion mobility devices heavily depends on a comprehensive understanding of the behavior of ions within such systems. Therefore, numerical modeling of ion paths helps to optimize and verify existing devices, and contributes to the development of innovative ion optical systems and multipole geometries. This Article introduces IDSimF (Ion Dynamics Simulation Framework), an open-source simulation tool tailored to the nonrelativistic dynamics of molecular ions in mass and ion mobility spectrometry applications. Addressing limitations in existing software packages, as for example SIMION, OpenFOAM, and COMSOL, IDSimF offers a specialized platform for simulating ion trajectories in electric fields. IDSimF efficiently accounts for space charge effects and considers various ion-neutral collision models while handling chemical kinetics. The framework is highly modular with reduced user input configuration complexity and aims to support simulation efforts in development and optimization of in mass spectrometers.

Ion trajectory simulation is a significant and useful tool for understanding ion transfer mechanisms within the first vacuum region of the atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer (API-MS). However, the complex dynamic gas field and wide pressure range lead to inaccurate simulation and huge computational costs. In this work, a novel electrohydrodynamic simulation called the statistical diffusion-hard-sphere (SDHS) mixed collision model was developed for characterizing the ion trajectories. For the first time, the influence of the dynamic pressure on the ion trajectory is considered for simulation, which helps to avoid an intolerable computational cost. Comparing with the conventional Monte Carlo collision model, the SDHS method helps to improve the calculation accuracy of ion trajectories under the first vacuum region and reduce the computational cost for at least 12-folds. Simulation results showed that the maximum ion loss came from the gap of the electrodes. The distance of the capillary-quadrupole ion guide was also a non-negligible factor. The trend of quantitative experimental results matches the SDHS simulation results. The maximum ion transfer efficiencies of quantitative experiment and simulation were 55% and 52%, respectively. Moreover, three ions, caffeine, reserpine, and Ultramark 1621, were measured for evaluating the applicability of SDHS in real API-MS. The trend of experimental results showed good agreement with that of computation. And the results of caffeine further illustrated the reason that the small mass ion transfer efficiency decreased with increasing radio frequency voltage. SDHS method is expected to be useful in the design of ion guides for further improvement of the sensitivity of API-MS.

Ovarian cancer is considered the most lethal among all gynecological malignancies due to its early metastatic dissemination, extensive spread, and malignant ascites. The current standard of care for advanced ovarian cancer involves a combination of cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy utilizing platinum-based and taxane-based agents. Although initial treatment yields clinical remission in 70-80% of patients, the majority eventually develop treatment resistance and tumor recurrence. A growing body of evidence indicates the existence of cancer stem cells within diverse solid tumors, including ovarian cancer, which function as a subpopulation to propel tumor growth and disease advancement by means of drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. The presence of ovarian cancer stem cells is widely considered to be a significant contributor to the unfavorable clinical outcomes observed in patients with ovarian cancer, as they play a crucial role in mediating chemotherapy resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Ovarian cancer stem cells possess the capacity to reassemble within the entirety of the tumor following conventional treatment, thereby instigating the recurrence of ovarian cancer and inducing resistance to treatment. Consequently, the creation of therapeutic approaches aimed at eliminating ovarian cancer stem cells holds great potential for the management of ovarian cancer. These cells are regarded as one of the most auspicious targets and mechanisms for the treatment of ovarian cancer. There is a pressing need for a comprehensive comprehension of the fundamental mechanisms of ovarian cancer's recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance, alongside the development of effective strategies to overcome chemoresistance, metastasis, and recurrence. The implementation of cancer stem cell therapies may potentially augment the tumor cells' sensitivity to existing chemotherapy protocols, thereby mitigating the risks of tumor metastasis and recurrence, and ultimately improving the survival rates of ovarian cancer patients.

Authorities have long proved the utility of bioindicators in monitoring the state of environmental pollution. Some biological indicators can measure environmental pollutant levels, and many tree species have been tested for suitability for monitoring purposes. The differences in morphological characteristics in the trees have demonstrated the effects of human activities on different materials. Measuring bark and wood biomass from contaminated sites was identified and directly compared with those from a clean site or areas characterized by distinct contamination sources. However, preliminary results demonstrate the approach's potential in the realization of strategies for disease control and promoting health to reduce environmental and health inequalities in at-risk urban areas. Picea orientalis L. and Cedrus atlantica Endl., especially their bark, can be regarded as a more robust storage of Cu (37.95 mg/kg) and Mn (188.25 mg/kg) than Pinus pinaster, Cupressus arizonica, and Pseudotsuga menziesii, which and is therefore a better bioindicator for Cu and Mn pollution. Considering the total concentrations as a result of the study, the pollution is thought to be caused by environmental problems and traffic in the region. The deposition of Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn elements was found P. menziesii (60, 443, 58, and 258 mg/kg) and P. orientalis (76, 1684, 41, and 378 mg/kg) and seems to reflect atmospheric quite clearly compared to P. pinaster, C. arizonica, and C. atlantica. Ni and Zn concentrations have significantly increased since 1983, and P. menziesii and P. orientalis can be potentially valuable bioindicators for emphasizing polluted fields.