环境•农林最新文献

Nitrifying sludge system is a promising alternative for the removal of numerous antibiotics, however the impacts of combined exposure of antibiotics on nitrifying sludge system remain poorly understood. In this study, the impacts of individual and combined exposure of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and cephalexin (CFX) on nitrifying sludge performance were investigated. Nine sequencing batch reactors were operated for 21 days under three concentration gradients (0.2, 2, and 10 mg/L). The results demonstrated a significant, dose-dependent decline in nitrification efficiency: ammonium nitrogen (NH4⁺–N) removal rates decreased to 73% and 61.2% under 10 mg/L individual and combined exposures, respectively (p < 0.01), resulting from a 90% reduction in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) abundance and a > 92% reduction in amoA relative abundance. Antibiotic degradation efficiency also declined dramatically under the combined exposure of high antibiotic concentrations due to the inhibition of AOB, although resistant heterotrophs known to efficiently degrade antibiotics were enriched. The propagation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was caused by both horizontal gene transfer and the enrichment of potential hosts. Overall, this study elucidates the influence mechanism of combined antibiotic stress on nitrifying sludge systems.

Contemporary research on microplastics primarily focuses on aquatic and atmospheric systems, thereby leaving the understanding of microplastic pollution in soils relatively underdeveloped. Conventional detection techniques often require labor-intensive preparation, costly instrumentation, and lack real-time capability. To address these limitations, we develop a laser ablation–proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (LA-PTR-MS) method for rapid, sensitive detection of microplastics in soil. Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and polystyrene (PS) serve as representative biodegradable and conventional microplastics. Thermal degradation analysis identifies diagnostic volatile markers: PBAT generates propene (C₃H₆) and nonanal (C₉H₁₈O), while PS produces styrene (C₈H₈). These ions are accurately detected and show less interference from soil background. Multiple linear regression (MLR) models using these targeted markers achieve superior small-sample accuracy (n = 21) — PS: R² = 0.994, RMSE = 0.0729‰; PBAT: R² = 0.997, RMSE = 0.0527‰ — outperforming machine learning models built on full-spectrum signals because they reduce noise, focus on chemically specific features, and avoid overfitting. Field validation finds PBAT and PS concentrations of ~ 1 ‰ in plots with prior application, while other areas remain below detection limits. These results indicate that targeted-feature analysis not only enhances robustness and interpretability but also minimizes noise and overfitting in small-sample conditions. Nevertheless, full-spectrum data mining retains importance for leveraging microplastic fingerprint information. Together, these insights demonstrate, for the first time, that a laser-based PTR-MS platform integrated with chemo selective targeted regression can achieve reliable, preparation-efficient quantification, establishing a new paradigm for rapid soil microplastic monitoring.

Groundwater contamination by emerging contaminants is an increasing concern, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions like northeastern Tunisia, where aquifers are vital for water supply. This study investigates the influence of hydrogeological characteristics specifically lithology and groundwater flow dynamics on the fate, mobility, and retention of emerging contaminants (CECs) and pesticides within the Grombalia aquifer system. By integrating geological, hydrogeochemical, and spatial analyses, the study reveals that lithological heterogeneity plays a decisive role in shaping contaminant behavior. Clay-rich layers act as natural barriers that retard the migration of pollutants, while sandy formations enhance infiltration and transport. Variations in contaminant concentrations particularly the attenuation of pharmaceuticals such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and sulfamethoxazole, as well as pesticides like mexacarbate and atrazine-desethyl highlight the impact of subsurface composition. Moreover, zones with converging groundwater flow paths and high-permeability sediments are shown to promote localized contaminant accumulation. These findings underscore the importance of coupling lithological assessments with hydrogeological data to better understand contaminant transport processes.

Podophthalmus vigil (P vigil) is a marine crab which is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region which is commonly known as sentinel crab or long-eyed swimming crab. P. vigil is commercially important crab available in all the coastal areas of Peninsular India having good amount of protein, minerals and fatty acids. However, no work has been done on the Microplastic (MPs) contamination globally on this crab. The present study is the maiden study in documenting the presence of MPs in P. vigil (male, female and female carrying eggs). Fibres were the dominant consisting about 54.8%, followed by fragments (32.7%), Granule (9.7%), Foam (1.8%) and pellet (1.02%). Black colour being the dominant (27.82%) followed by Red (25.21%), Blue (24.20%), Transparent (16.54%) and White (5.29%). Mean Microplastic in gills is found to be higher than gut and muscle tissue. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) show 88% of variance in MPs contamination in different body parts of crab. Polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), Polyethylene (PE), (Polyethylene tetraphene (PET) and Polyamide (PA) were the polymer composition of microplastic found in the crab. For this study we collected the wild P.vigil from three landing areas of Ganjam, Odisha situated in the East coast of India. Our study aims to give a baseline data about the abundance, characteristics and distribution of MPS in gut, gill and muscle tissue of wild caught P.vigil (Fabricius, 1798).

This review is the only one that compiles data from Argentina (2010 to early 2025) on human and veterinary pharmaceuticals (HVPs) in aquatic environments and compares them with international findings. HVPs were detected in 25% of the territory, in biota, water, and sediments, at concentrations up to 652 μg kg⁻¹, 217 μg L⁻¹, and 34 μg kg⁻¹ (d.w.), respectively. Ecotoxicological studies revealed adverse effects on algae, cladocerans, fish, crabs, and amphibians, including reduced survival and morphological, physiological, and behavioral alterations. This study provides an HC5 (hazardous concentration for 5% of species) value of 1.6 mg L⁻¹ was estimated using species sensitivity distributions (SSD), with sensitivity increasing from cladocerans < green algae < amphibians. The review highlights the scarcity of long-term studies, risk assessments, and regulatory thresholds, while stressing that Argentina’s situation reflects broader challenges in Latin American countries and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, which share comparable economic, social, and public health challenges. These findings support a One Health perspective, emphasizing the role of environmental quality as a factor potentially influencing human and animal health.

Graphical Abstract

Radioactive wastewater containing high concentrations of radionuclides threatens ecosystems and human health. Developing environmentally friendly adsorbents with high enrichment efficiency and ease of solid–liquid separation is essential for removing europium from wastewater. In this study, three amide podand derivatives with different alkyl chain structures were loaded onto polyacrylonitrile via electrospinning, yielding DODGA@PAN, DPDGA@PAN, and DEHDGA@PAN nanofibers. The presence of two carbonyl oxygens and one ether oxygen in these materials enhances coordination with trivalent metal ions, making them highly efficient in europium removal.In reuse tests, DODGA@PAN and DPDGA@PAN maintained strong performance, with only 3.84% and 3.87% decreases after five adsorption–desorption cycles, respectively. In contrast, DEHDGA@PAN, due to its branched structure, exhibited higher adsorption capacity but lower reusability. This branched structure increased porosity, improving adsorption while also causing deformation, reducing its durability. Europium removal efficiency varied with changes in pH, temperature, time, and initial concentration. The Langmuir isotherm model confirmed effective europium adsorption by all three nanofibers. Kinetics indicated chemisorption, while thermodynamics showed the process was endothermic and spontaneous.

A ternary nanocomposite integrating disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and illite/smectite (I/S) clay nanoflakes (denoted as C-I/S-E) was prepared by a mechanochemical route in a high energy–density stirred bead mill. The characterizations confirm the exfoliation of clay into nanoflakes and effective EDTA functionalization. The adsorption behavior of Ni (II) ions in aqueous solution was evaluated with respect to the effects of adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial Ni (II) concentration. Meanwhile, the adsorption mechanism in an atomic scale was analyzed via the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The integrated experimental and simulation findings indicate that the enhanced adsorption performance of the EDTA-modified I/S clay nanoflakes is attributed to a synergistic interplay of physical adsorption by the clay substrate and chemical chelation by the EDTA functional groups. The nanocomposite C-I/S-E shows a promising potential as an efficient adsorbent for removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater.

Microplastics (MPs) are emerging contaminants that have garnered widespread global attention owing to their pervasive pollution across various environmental matrices. In this study, pine needles were employed as passive samplers for atmospheric microplastics (AMPs) to systematically investigate the occurrence status of AMPs in five typical counties/cities (Urumqi, Changji, Shihezi, Hutubi and Manasi) within the "Wuchangshi" region of Xinjiang, China. The results indicated that the annual average abundance of AMPs in the study region was 9.63 ± 4.59 n/g. In terms of spatial distribution, Urumqi exhibited the highest AMPs abundance (11.62 ± 7.15 n/g), while the abundance in winter was significantly higher than that in other seasons (16.81 ± 3.87 n/g). Fibrous AMPs accounted for the highest proportion (48.6%), with colorless being the dominant color. Polyethylene (PE) was the predominant polymer type, accounting for 19.7% of the total AMPs. Potential sources of pollution mainly including transportation, commercial activities, and industrial operations. The ecological risk exhibited regional variations, and the Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) indicated an overall high-risk status. This study aims to provide a new reference for the application of pine needles as passive samplers and a scientific basis for the formulation of national environmental quality standards for MPs.

Recently, with the proliferating growth of pharmaceutical pollutants as the expiration date passed, household and agricultural poisons, as well as inorganic pollutants, have become a substantial global issue. Photocatalysts represent an efficient, affordable, and safe solution for degrading these contaminants using light. This study aimed to synthesize Ag₃PO₄ (APO) nanoparticles as metallic photocatalyst assistance, Zinc Stannate (Zn₂SnO₄; ZSO) perovskite as main photocatalyst, and BiOCl (BOC) nanosheets as materials non-metallic photocatalyst assistance for efficient photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol (C₆H₄ClOH) antibiotic (CPA), diazinon (C₁₂H₂₁N₂O₃PS) poison (DZP) as organic contaminants, and inorganic contaminants of nitrate (NO₃⁻), and carbon dioxide (CO₂). The photodegradation of diazinon poison, 4-chlorophenol antibiotic, NO₃⁻, and CO₂ contaminants was conducted under experimental conditions with a pH range of 1–9, temperature between 25–65 °C, agitation speed of 100–400 rpm, retention time of 1–6 h, photocatalyst dosage of 0.25–1.5 g/l, polluters concentration of 50–500 ppm, and a distance of 5–20 cm betwixt the visible light and photoreactor. The photocatalytic efficiency of the Ag₃PO₄/Zn₂SnO₄/BiOCl ternary heterojunction photocatalyst was enhanced by examining the impact of solution pH, photoreaction time, photocatalyst dosage, and contaminant concentrations. Notably, the Ag₃PO₄/Zn₂SnO₄/BiOCl (APO/ZSO/BOC) nanocomposite demonstrated the maximum photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol antibiotic (CPA), achieving a value of 80%. Moreover, the maximum photodegradation of diazinon poison (DZP) reached approximately 85% with visible light exposure. Eventually, the highest removal of inorganic pollutants, such as nitrate and carbon dioxide, was achieved with values of 75% and 80%, respectively. Finally, the Ag₃PO₄/Zn₂SnO₄/BiOCl ternary photocatalyst maintained its reactivity even after five experiments of repeated use.