Pub Date : 2024-06-28DOI: 10.1007/s11270-024-07260-9
Ashok Kumar Jha, Usha Sharma, Sujoy Kumar Samanta
Geochemical reactions and anthropogenic activities are a source of heavy metal concentration in aquatic bodies leading to serious detrimental effect to the environment because of its non-biodegradability. Bentonite, a smectite group of minerals has layered structure based on sheets having 2:1 structure i.e. one octahedral sheet sandwiched by 2 tetrahedral sheets. The bentonite was characterised by PXRD, FTIR, TGA and DSC experiments and the surface area was known by BET analysis. A weight loss of 14% and diffraction pattern of PXRD confirmed presence of Montmorillonite unit in the inner part. Bentonite acts as a natural scavenger of heavy metal toxicants .Owing to high cation exchange capacity, high surface area and intercalation properties, bentonite mineral has been used as a potential remover of heavy metals. The kinetic and thermodynamic studies were done in order to determine the remediation potential at pH 2 to 8. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms were employed to give an insight into the adsorption mechanism. The experimental data revealed that first order kinetics was followed during the adsorption of heavy metals onto modified bentonite. Maximum percentage removal of Cr(VI) and Mn(VII) was 80 and 55.5 respectively. Thus locally available bentonite may be utilised as a low cost and eco-friendly alternative of heavy metal removal.
{"title":"Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Heavy Metal Remediation by Modified Bentonite","authors":"Ashok Kumar Jha, Usha Sharma, Sujoy Kumar Samanta","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07260-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07260-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Geochemical reactions and anthropogenic activities are a source of heavy metal concentration in aquatic bodies leading to serious detrimental effect to the environment because of its non-biodegradability. Bentonite, a smectite group of minerals has layered structure based on sheets having 2:1 structure i.e. one octahedral sheet sandwiched by 2 tetrahedral sheets. The bentonite was characterised by PXRD, FTIR, TGA and DSC experiments and the surface area was known by BET analysis. A weight loss of 14% and diffraction pattern of PXRD confirmed presence of Montmorillonite unit in the inner part. Bentonite acts as a natural scavenger of heavy metal toxicants .Owing to high cation exchange capacity, high surface area and intercalation properties, bentonite mineral has been used as a potential remover of heavy metals. The kinetic and thermodynamic studies were done in order to determine the remediation potential at pH 2 to 8. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms were employed to give an insight into the adsorption mechanism. The experimental data revealed that first order kinetics was followed during the adsorption of heavy metals onto modified bentonite. Maximum percentage removal of Cr(VI) and Mn(VII) was 80 and 55.5 respectively. Thus locally available bentonite may be utilised as a low cost and eco-friendly alternative of heavy metal removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.52,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1007/s42768-024-00203-4
Prabhsharan Kaur, Veerpal Kaur, Gaurav Verma
Chicken manure (CM) is one of the most common animal wastes produced worldwide. The conventional application of CM is as a fertilizer; however, in the present study, we introduce an approach for the straightforward and affordable use of CM for fuel cell applications. It reports the functionalization of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) using CM to confer multiple functionalities. The elements that make up the functionalized CNF are nitrogen (7.40%, atoms ratio, the same below), oxygen (6.22%), phosphorous (0.30%), and sulfur (0.02%), etc., according to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies. It has been verified that following treatment with CM, the morphology of the CNFs remains the same. The CM-modified CNFs exhibit a higher electrocatalytic activity (onset potential: −0.0756 V; limiting current density: 2.69 mA/cm2) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode of a fuel cell. The electron transfer number for this sample is 3.68, i.e., the ORR favours a four-electron pathway like Pt/C. The direct method of functionalizing the CNF is more effective; however, treatment of CNFs with Triton X-100 prior to functionalization shields their otherwise exposed open edge sites and in turn affects their ORR activity. A large surface area (99.866 m2/g), the presence of multiple functional elements (oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, etc.), surface charge redistribution and induced donor–acceptor interactions at the surface of CM-modified CNFs contribute to their enhanced electrochemical activity. This preliminary study reports the suitability of a facile and economical approach for treating CM for the most advanced clean energy applications. Hopefully, this study will pave the way for cutting-edge methods for handling other biowaste materials as well.
Graphical abstract
鸡粪(CM)是全世界最常见的动物废弃物之一。鸡粪的传统用途是用作肥料;然而,在本研究中,我们介绍了一种将鸡粪直接用于燃料电池的方法,而且成本低廉。研究报告介绍了利用 CM 赋予碳纳米纤维(CNF)多种功能的方法。根据能量色散 X 射线光谱、X 射线光电子能谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱研究,构成功能化 CNF 的元素包括氮(7.40%,原子比,下同)、氧(6.22%)、磷(0.30%)和硫(0.02%)等。研究证实,经 CM 处理后,CNFs 的形态保持不变。CM 改性的 CNFs 在燃料电池阴极的氧还原反应(ORR)中表现出更高的电催化活性(起始电位:-0.0756 V;极限电流密度:2.69 mA/cm2)。该样品的电子转移数为 3.68,即 ORR 更倾向于四电子途径,如 Pt/C。直接对 CNF 进行功能化的方法更为有效;但是,在功能化之前用 Triton X-100 处理 CNF 会屏蔽其暴露在外的开放边缘位点,进而影响其 ORR 活性。CM 改性 CNF 的大表面积(99.866 m2/g)、多种功能元素(氧、氮、磷、硫等)的存在、表面电荷的重新分布以及表面诱导的供体-受体相互作用有助于增强其电化学活性。这项初步研究报告了一种简便、经济的处理 CM 方法的适用性,可用于最先进的清洁能源应用。希望这项研究也能为处理其他生物废料的前沿方法铺平道路。
{"title":"Functionalizing carbon nanofibers with chicken manure to catalyse oxygen reduction reaction in a fuel cell","authors":"Prabhsharan Kaur, Veerpal Kaur, Gaurav Verma","doi":"10.1007/s42768-024-00203-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42768-024-00203-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chicken manure (CM) is one of the most common animal wastes produced worldwide. The conventional application of CM is as a fertilizer; however, in the present study, we introduce an approach for the straightforward and affordable use of CM for fuel cell applications. It reports the functionalization of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) using CM to confer multiple functionalities. The elements that make up the functionalized CNF are nitrogen (7.40%, atoms ratio, the same below), oxygen (6.22%), phosphorous (0.30%), and sulfur (0.02%), etc., according to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies. It has been verified that following treatment with CM, the morphology of the CNFs remains the same. The CM-modified CNFs exhibit a higher electrocatalytic activity (onset potential: −0.0756 V; limiting current density: 2.69 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode of a fuel cell. The electron transfer number for this sample is 3.68, i.e., the ORR favours a four-electron pathway like Pt/C. The direct method of functionalizing the CNF is more effective; however, treatment of CNFs with Triton X-100 prior to functionalization shields their otherwise exposed open edge sites and in turn affects their ORR activity. A large surface area (99.866 m<sup>2</sup>/g), the presence of multiple functional elements (oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, etc.), surface charge redistribution and induced donor–acceptor interactions at the surface of CM-modified CNFs contribute to their enhanced electrochemical activity. This preliminary study reports the suitability of a facile and economical approach for treating CM for the most advanced clean energy applications. Hopefully, this study will pave the way for cutting-edge methods for handling other biowaste materials as well.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengjun Zhao, Feiran Chen, Xiaona Li, Chuanxi Wang, Xuesong Cao, Liya Jiao, Le Yue, Zhenyu Wang
Nanomaterials (NMs) provide great potential for sustainable development by regulating rhizosphere processes to improve crop productivity. The edible parts of rhizome crops have direct contact with the rhizosphere, which may lead to a more direct positive effect of NMs and rhizosphere interaction on the growth and development of rhizome crops. Here, 50 mg kg−1 cerium oxide (CeO2) NMs had the greatest promotion on carrot growth, and 5 days was the initial time for promoting taproot thickening. The application of CeO2 NMs to soil first stimulated the secretion of organic acids, amino acids, fatty acids, phenols, and carbohydrates (such as citric acid, asparagine, and alpha-linolenic acid), as well as growth regulators indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonic acid, from the roots to the rhizosphere. This resulted in a significant increase in the relative abundances of Altererythrobacter, Gemmatimonas, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and Chryseolinea by 16.2–61.4%, thereby enhancing nutrient accumulation and elevating IAA levels in taproots. Meanwhile, CeO2 NMs were effectively absorbed by the seedling roots and transferred to the leaves. The internalized CeO2 NMs induced cell division in the taproot vascular cambium by increasing levels of IAA and cytokinins by 22.2% and 33.7%, respectively. The responsive differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the cell wall and cell division, carbohydrate metabolism, and phytohormone signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, photosynthesis was enhanced, leading to a significant increase in sucrose and starch content by 55.3% and 71.7%, respectively. The integration of rhizobacteria, phytohormones, and gene regulations synergistically promoted carrot taproot thickening. This study contributes to our understanding of rhizosphere regulation in nano-enabled agriculture.
{"title":"Rhizosphere regulation with cerium oxide nanomaterials promoted carrot taproot thickening","authors":"Mengjun Zhao, Feiran Chen, Xiaona Li, Chuanxi Wang, Xuesong Cao, Liya Jiao, Le Yue, Zhenyu Wang","doi":"10.1039/d4en00334a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00334a","url":null,"abstract":"Nanomaterials (NMs) provide great potential for sustainable development by regulating rhizosphere processes to improve crop productivity. The edible parts of rhizome crops have direct contact with the rhizosphere, which may lead to a more direct positive effect of NMs and rhizosphere interaction on the growth and development of rhizome crops. Here, 50 mg kg<small><sup>−1</sup></small> cerium oxide (CeO<small><sub>2</sub></small>) NMs had the greatest promotion on carrot growth, and 5 days was the initial time for promoting taproot thickening. The application of CeO<small><sub>2</sub></small> NMs to soil first stimulated the secretion of organic acids, amino acids, fatty acids, phenols, and carbohydrates (such as citric acid, asparagine, and alpha-linolenic acid), as well as growth regulators indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonic acid, from the roots to the rhizosphere. This resulted in a significant increase in the relative abundances of <em>Altererythrobacter</em>, <em>Gemmatimonas</em>, <em>Pseudomonas</em>, <em>Sphingomonas</em> and <em>Chryseolinea</em> by 16.2–61.4%, thereby enhancing nutrient accumulation and elevating IAA levels in taproots. Meanwhile, CeO<small><sub>2</sub></small> NMs were effectively absorbed by the seedling roots and transferred to the leaves. The internalized CeO<small><sub>2</sub></small> NMs induced cell division in the taproot vascular cambium by increasing levels of IAA and cytokinins by 22.2% and 33.7%, respectively. The responsive differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the cell wall and cell division, carbohydrate metabolism, and phytohormone signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, photosynthesis was enhanced, leading to a significant increase in sucrose and starch content by 55.3% and 71.7%, respectively. The integration of rhizobacteria, phytohormones, and gene regulations synergistically promoted carrot taproot thickening. This study contributes to our understanding of rhizosphere regulation in nano-enabled agriculture.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raymond Gillibert, Alessandro Magazzù, Agnese Callegari, David Bronte-Ciriza, Antonino Foti, Maria Grazia Donato, Onofrio M. Maragò, Giovanni Volpe, Marc Lamy de La Chapelle, Fabienne Lagarde, Pietro G. Gucciardi
Correction for ‘Raman tweezers for tire and road wear micro- and nanoparticles analysis’ by Raymond Gillibert et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2022, 9, 145–161.
对 Raymond Gillibert 等人撰写的 "用于轮胎和道路磨损微粒和纳米颗粒分析的拉曼镊子 "的更正,《环境科学》(Environment.Sci:纳米》,2022 年 9 期,145-161 页。
{"title":"Correction: Raman tweezers for tire and road wear micro- and nanoparticles analysis","authors":"Raymond Gillibert, Alessandro Magazzù, Agnese Callegari, David Bronte-Ciriza, Antonino Foti, Maria Grazia Donato, Onofrio M. Maragò, Giovanni Volpe, Marc Lamy de La Chapelle, Fabienne Lagarde, Pietro G. Gucciardi","doi":"10.1039/d4en90029d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en90029d","url":null,"abstract":"Correction for ‘Raman tweezers for tire and road wear micro- and nanoparticles analysis’ by Raymond Gillibert <em>et al.</em>, <em>Environ. Sci.: Nano</em>, 2022, <strong>9</strong>, 145–161.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1007/s11270-024-07294-z
Zijun Ye, Fangmin Yan, Benyi Cao, Fei Wang
Biochar-zero-valent iron composites are promising materials for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution, but further research is still required on the co-removal of multiple heavy metals. This paper presents the performance, effects and mechanisms of peanut shell biochar (BC)-supported zero-valent iron (ZVI) composites in the co-removal of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. Samples were subjected to the isotherm test, the kinetic test, the adsorption performance test and microscopic tests, and impact factors such as initial pH, reaction time, dosage and BC/ZVI mass ratios were considered. The results show that the removal efficiency of biochar-zero-valent iron composites for Cd(II) and Cr(VI) co-removal is significantly higher compared to individual applications of zero-valent iron and biochar. Under the condition of dosage of 0.2 g, initial pH = 4.0, and BC/ZVI mass ratio of 4:1, the removal efficiency of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) can reach 98.66% and 98.45%, respectively. In this case, the maximum adsorption capacity of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) can reach 20.44 mg/g and 3.70 mg/g. The removal of Cd(II) follows the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich model, whereas the removal of Cr(VI) is better fitted by pseudo-first order and Langmuir model. The co-removal process of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) can be divided two phase, and the mechanisms of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) are also remarkably distinct. The reduction, adsorption, complexation or co-precipitation are the dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) removal, while the complexation of biochar and adsorption of the iron oxyhydroxide layer predominate for Cd(II) removal.
{"title":"Removal of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution by Peanut Shell Biochar-zero-valent Iron Composites: Performance, Effects and Mechanisms","authors":"Zijun Ye, Fangmin Yan, Benyi Cao, Fei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07294-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07294-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biochar-zero-valent iron composites are promising materials for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution, but further research is still required on the co-removal of multiple heavy metals. This paper presents the performance, effects and mechanisms of peanut shell biochar (BC)-supported zero-valent iron (ZVI) composites in the co-removal of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. Samples were subjected to the isotherm test, the kinetic test, the adsorption performance test and microscopic tests, and impact factors such as initial pH, reaction time, dosage and BC/ZVI mass ratios were considered. The results show that the removal efficiency of biochar-zero-valent iron composites for Cd(II) and Cr(VI) co-removal is significantly higher compared to individual applications of zero-valent iron and biochar. Under the condition of dosage of 0.2 g, initial pH = 4.0, and BC/ZVI mass ratio of 4:1, the removal efficiency of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) can reach 98.66% and 98.45%, respectively. In this case, the maximum adsorption capacity of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) can reach 20.44 mg/g and 3.70 mg/g. The removal of Cd(II) follows the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich model, whereas the removal of Cr(VI) is better fitted by pseudo-first order and Langmuir model. The co-removal process of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) can be divided two phase, and the mechanisms of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) are also remarkably distinct. The reduction, adsorption, complexation or co-precipitation are the dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) removal, while the complexation of biochar and adsorption of the iron oxyhydroxide layer predominate for Cd(II) removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.52,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1007/s11270-024-07298-9
Abderrahamane Boutrif, Salima Chergui, Farid Halet, Abdelmalek Chergui, Lilya Boudriche, Aïssa Ould-Dris, Erwann Guénin, Boubekeur Nadjemi, Ahmed Reda Yeddou
This work is concerned with the cyanide removal from aqueous solution by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide H2O2 catalyzed by copper zinc oxide (CuO-ZnO) nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation method. The influences of catalyst dose, hydrogen peroxide concentration, temperature, and catalyst stability on cyanide removal were examined. The use of CuO-ZnO nanoparticles made it possible to increase the reaction rate, thus showing good catalytic activity. The cyanide removal percentage was increased after 75 minutes of reaction time from 70% to 100% by raising the catalyst dose from 0.25 g/L to 1.0 g/L. Increasing the temperature from 24 °C to 35 °C enhanced cyanide removal rate, the apparent activation energy was then found to be equal to 48 KJ/mol. The nanocatalyst was used again for four successive times and exhibited good stability. The kinetics of cyanide elimination was found to be pseudo-first order with respect to cyanide.
{"title":"Cyanide Removal from Aqueous Solution by Oxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Copper-Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles","authors":"Abderrahamane Boutrif, Salima Chergui, Farid Halet, Abdelmalek Chergui, Lilya Boudriche, Aïssa Ould-Dris, Erwann Guénin, Boubekeur Nadjemi, Ahmed Reda Yeddou","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07298-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07298-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work is concerned with the cyanide removal from aqueous solution by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> catalyzed by copper zinc oxide (CuO-ZnO) nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation method. The influences of catalyst dose, hydrogen peroxide concentration, temperature, and catalyst stability on cyanide removal were examined. The use of CuO-ZnO nanoparticles made it possible to increase the reaction rate, thus showing good catalytic activity. The cyanide removal percentage was increased after 75 minutes of reaction time from 70% to 100% by raising the catalyst dose from 0.25 g/L to 1.0 g/L. Increasing the temperature from 24 °C to 35 °C enhanced cyanide removal rate, the apparent activation energy was then found to be equal to 48 KJ/mol. The nanocatalyst was used again for four successive times and exhibited good stability. The kinetics of cyanide elimination was found to be pseudo-first order with respect to cyanide.</p>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.52,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141509580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The widespread use of fossil fuels in daily commuting vehicles poses a significant health risk to urban populations. This study aims to quantify the escalation of black carbon (BC) emissions from traffic and assess their environmental impact. BC monitoring was conducted using a motorcycle to estimate mobile concentrations emitted by vehicles along two distinct routes during three phases (M-period, A-period, and E-period). The average mobile BC concentration (± SD) was found to be 32.57 ± 22.78 μg m-3, with the highest average value observed during the E-period at 34.1 μg m-3 for route-1. In route-2, BC concentration was 29.12 ± 21.08 μg m-3, with the mean highest at 33.4 during the E-period. The likelihood of increased BC emissions is evident when individuals venture out to markets in the evening. Weekend BC concentrations (25.76 μg m-3) were generally lower than weekdays (39.38 μg m-3) during the analysis of route-1. A similar trend was observed in route-2, attributed to reduced traffic volume and vehicular emissions resulting from the closure of schools and offices on weekends. Throughout the study, BC levels ranged from 10.91 to 149 μg m-3 in TR-1 and 9.76 to 114 μg m-3 in TR-2. Notably, at five intersection points on TR-1, BC concentrations at T102 were 34% higher during evening times than at T105. Similarly, among the four intersection points on TR-2, BC levels at T201 were 55% higher than T203 during the evening. Our analysis also showed that inhalation doses (IDOSE) were highest during peak traffic times, with motorcyclist IDOSE ranging from 15.29 to 25.01 µg. This study highlights the concerning levels of BC exposure during daily commuting, emphasizing the need for measures to mitigate the health impacts associated with urban traffic emissions and promote a safer environment for urban populations.
日常通勤车辆中化石燃料的广泛使用对城市人口的健康构成了重大威胁。本研究旨在量化交通中黑碳(BC)排放量的增加,并评估其对环境的影响。使用摩托车进行了黑碳监测,以估算车辆在三个阶段(M 阶段、A 阶段和 E 阶段)沿两条不同路线排放的移动浓度。结果发现,在 E 时段,路线-1 的 BC 平均浓度(± SD)为 32.57 ± 22.78 μg m-3,平均值最高,为 34.1 μg m-3。在路线 2 中,BC 浓度为 29.12 ± 21.08 μg m-3,在 E 期间平均值最高,为 33.4。当人们傍晚外出赶集时,BC 排放增加的可能性显而易见。在对路线-1 的分析中,周末的 BC 浓度(25.76 μg m-3)普遍低于平日(39.38 μg m-3)。在路线 2 中也观察到类似的趋势,这归因于周末学校和办公室关闭导致交通量和车辆排放量减少。在整个研究过程中,TR-1 的 BC 水平介于 10.91 至 149 μg m-3 之间,TR-2 的 BC 水平介于 9.76 至 114 μg m-3 之间。值得注意的是,在 TR-1 的五个交叉点,T102 在傍晚时段的 BC 浓度比 T105 高 34%。同样,在 TR-2 的四个交叉点中,傍晚时分 T201 的 BC 浓度比 T203 高 55%。我们的分析还显示,交通高峰期的吸入剂量(IDOSE)最高,摩托车驾驶员的 IDOSE 为 15.29 至 25.01 µg。这项研究强调了在日常通勤中暴露于 BC 的令人担忧的水平,强调有必要采取措施来减轻与城市交通排放相关的健康影响,并为城市人口提供更安全的环境。
{"title":"A Potential Inhalation Risk to Daily Commuter: Mobile Monitoring of Black Carbon during Journey in Traffic Emissions","authors":"Dilip Kumar Mahato, Balram Ambade, Sneha Gautam, Sudarshan Kurwadkar, Faruq Mohammad","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07272-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07272-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The widespread use of fossil fuels in daily commuting vehicles poses a significant health risk to urban populations. This study aims to quantify the escalation of black carbon (BC) emissions from traffic and assess their environmental impact. BC monitoring was conducted using a motorcycle to estimate mobile concentrations emitted by vehicles along two distinct routes during three phases (M-period, A-period, and E-period). The average mobile BC concentration (± SD) was found to be 32.57 ± 22.78 μg m-3, with the highest average value observed during the E-period at 34.1 μg m-3 for route-1. In route-2, BC concentration was 29.12 ± 21.08 μg m-3, with the mean highest at 33.4 during the E-period. The likelihood of increased BC emissions is evident when individuals venture out to markets in the evening. Weekend BC concentrations (25.76 μg m-3) were generally lower than weekdays (39.38 μg m-3) during the analysis of route-1. A similar trend was observed in route-2, attributed to reduced traffic volume and vehicular emissions resulting from the closure of schools and offices on weekends. Throughout the study, BC levels ranged from 10.91 to 149 μg m-3 in TR-1 and 9.76 to 114 μg m-3 in TR-2. Notably, at five intersection points on TR-1, BC concentrations at T102 were 34% higher during evening times than at T105. Similarly, among the four intersection points on TR-2, BC levels at T201 were 55% higher than T203 during the evening. Our analysis also showed that inhalation doses (IDOSE) were highest during peak traffic times, with motorcyclist IDOSE ranging from 15.29 to 25.01 µg. This study highlights the concerning levels of BC exposure during daily commuting, emphasizing the need for measures to mitigate the health impacts associated with urban traffic emissions and promote a safer environment for urban populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.52,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141496180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) in freshwater systems has raised concerns about their potential ecotoxicity to aquatic organisms. In this study, we evaluated the effects of four MPs with different compositions, namely polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene (PP), on freshwater microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PS and PVC MPs caused greater growth inhibition and stronger oxidative stress responses than PP and PE MPs. Proteomics analysis was employed to explore the mechanical understanding of the composition-dependent toxicity of MPs to microalgae. Proteins involved in photosynthesis processes were identified as contributors to the diverse responses of microalgae to differently composed MPs. The photosynthesis activity of algae, including the pigment content and photoprotective response, was determined to reflect the distinct effect of the four MPs. The indicated down-regulated expression of photosynthetic proteins by proteomics analysis was further confirmed using a western blot assay, with PVC and PS showing greater impacts on their expression reduction. Our findings not only show the composition-dependent effect of MPs on microalgae but also provide important insights into the molecular mechanism of MPs' toxicity to natural phytoplankton species.
{"title":"Proteomic insights into composition-dependent effects of microplastics on freshwater microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","authors":"Liting Xu, Zheng Chu, Xiaoxue Li, Chenran Feng, Ying Zhang, Chen Wang, Junzhe Zhang, Chengchao Xu, Jigang Wang, Huan Tang","doi":"10.1039/d4en00300d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00300d","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) in freshwater systems has raised concerns about their potential ecotoxicity to aquatic organisms. In this study, we evaluated the effects of four MPs with different compositions, namely polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene (PP), on freshwater microalgae <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em>. PS and PVC MPs caused greater growth inhibition and stronger oxidative stress responses than PP and PE MPs. Proteomics analysis was employed to explore the mechanical understanding of the composition-dependent toxicity of MPs to microalgae. Proteins involved in photosynthesis processes were identified as contributors to the diverse responses of microalgae to differently composed MPs. The photosynthesis activity of algae, including the pigment content and photoprotective response, was determined to reflect the distinct effect of the four MPs. The indicated down-regulated expression of photosynthetic proteins by proteomics analysis was further confirmed using a western blot assay, with PVC and PS showing greater impacts on their expression reduction. Our findings not only show the composition-dependent effect of MPs on microalgae but also provide important insights into the molecular mechanism of MPs' toxicity to natural phytoplankton species.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-26DOI: 10.1007/s11270-024-07265-4
Dmytro Chyzhykov, Barbara Mathews
Limited data on rural Poland's atmospheric ion concentrations exists, with no publicly available monitoring data in urban areas. These knowledge gaps hinder the comparison of concentrations across environments and the identification of their sources. This study examines water-soluble ions across five rural locations in Poland over four years to investigate their concentrations and sources in the atmosphere. This study explores aerosol origins, performing a four-year correlation analysis across five locations to reveal ion relationships. Notably, sulfate (SO₄2⁻), nitrate (NO₃⁻), and ammonium (NH₄⁺) exhibit significant correlations ranging from 0.3 to 0.8, suggesting a common pollution source in all analyzed rural locations. Interestingly, magnesium (Mg2⁺) and sodium (Na⁺) in two locations demonstrated a strong correlation, ranging between 0.4 and 0.9, suggesting the influence of sea spray on these sites. Principal component analysis is used to investigate the factors influencing ion concentrations, revealing distinctive patterns for each location and explaining the total variances ranging from 74.9% to 84.8%. This underscores the significance of geographical and environmental factors. The study's novelty lies in its thorough and long-term analysis of water-soluble ion concentrations across rural Poland, providing an extensive dataset for the region. The study fills a data gap on rural pollution sources and reveals consistent ion patterns across different sites and seasons. The findings emphasize geographical and environmental impacts on aerosol composition and suggest common pollution sources for all areas. This research encourages further investigations into the stability and origins of ions in rural environments, providing valuable insights for local and broader atmospheric studies.
{"title":"Measurements of Water-Soluble Ions in Particulate Matter 2.5 in Polish Rural Areas: Identifying Possible Sources","authors":"Dmytro Chyzhykov, Barbara Mathews","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07265-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07265-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Limited data on rural Poland's atmospheric ion concentrations exists, with no publicly available monitoring data in urban areas. These knowledge gaps hinder the comparison of concentrations across environments and the identification of their sources. This study examines water-soluble ions across five rural locations in Poland over four years to investigate their concentrations and sources in the atmosphere. This study explores aerosol origins, performing a four-year correlation analysis across five locations to reveal ion relationships. Notably, sulfate (SO₄<sup>2</sup>⁻), nitrate (NO₃⁻), and ammonium (NH₄⁺) exhibit significant correlations ranging from 0.3 to 0.8, suggesting a common pollution source in all analyzed rural locations. Interestingly, magnesium (Mg<sup>2</sup>⁺) and sodium (Na⁺) in two locations demonstrated a strong correlation, ranging between 0.4 and 0.9, suggesting the influence of sea spray on these sites. Principal component analysis is used to investigate the factors influencing ion concentrations, revealing distinctive patterns for each location and explaining the total variances ranging from 74.9% to 84.8%. This underscores the significance of geographical and environmental factors. The study's novelty lies in its thorough and long-term analysis of water-soluble ion concentrations across rural Poland, providing an extensive dataset for the region. The study fills a data gap on rural pollution sources and reveals consistent ion patterns across different sites and seasons. The findings emphasize geographical and environmental impacts on aerosol composition and suggest common pollution sources for all areas. This research encourages further investigations into the stability and origins of ions in rural environments, providing valuable insights for local and broader atmospheric studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.52,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to control the eutrophication of rivers or lakes by dredging, a large amount of sediment has been generated, making the treatment of dredged sediment a challenging issue. In response to this problem, we have successfully synthesized an innovative composite amendment for reusing dredged sediment, which included Fe-loaded biochar (Fe@BC), clinoptilolite, wheat straw, and 3,4-dimethylepyrazole phosphate (DMPP). Tests for adsorption and characterization showed that Fe@BC and clinoptilolite, as the main components of the amendment, have excellent adsorption performance for orthophosphate (Ortho-P) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N)/potassium ions (K+), respectively. The results of column leaching experiment demonstrated that the addition of 4%-5% amendment of the sediment mass could not only significantly reduce the leaching of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), but also effectively slowed down the movement of N, P, and K in the sediment profile. Moreover, the bulk density, moisture retention, and particle size of sediment were simultaneously improved.
为了通过疏浚来控制河流或湖泊的富营养化,产生了大量的沉积物,这使得疏浚沉积物的处理成为一个具有挑战性的问题。针对这一问题,我们成功合成了一种创新的复合改良剂,用于疏浚沉积物的再利用,其中包括含铁生物炭(Fe@BC)、clinoptilolite、小麦秸秆和 3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)。吸附和特性测试表明,Fe@BC 和cllinoptilolite 作为改良剂的主要成分,分别对正磷酸盐(Ortho-P)和铵态氮(NH4+-N)/钾离子(K+)具有优异的吸附性能。柱浸出实验结果表明,在沉积物中添加 4%-5% 的改良剂不仅能显著减少氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)的浸出,还能有效减缓 N、P 和 K 在沉积物剖面中的移动。此外,沉积物的体积密度、保湿性和颗粒大小也同时得到了改善。
{"title":"Simultaneous Improvement of Water/Fertility Retention and Physical Properties of Dredged Sediment Using a Novel Composite Amendment","authors":"Peishu Huo, Xiaori Fu, Zheng Che, Jingbo Liang, Dexiao Li, Yulong Liu, Shuguang Lyu","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07279-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07279-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to control the eutrophication of rivers or lakes by dredging, a large amount of sediment has been generated, making the treatment of dredged sediment a challenging issue. In response to this problem, we have successfully synthesized an innovative composite amendment for reusing dredged sediment, which included Fe-loaded biochar (Fe@BC), clinoptilolite, wheat straw, and 3,4-dimethylepyrazole phosphate (DMPP). Tests for adsorption and characterization showed that Fe@BC and clinoptilolite, as the main components of the amendment, have excellent adsorption performance for orthophosphate (Ortho-P) and ammonium nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N)/potassium ions (K<sup>+</sup>), respectively. The results of column leaching experiment demonstrated that the addition of 4%-5% amendment of the sediment mass could not only significantly reduce the leaching of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), but also effectively slowed down the movement of N, P, and K in the sediment profile. Moreover, the bulk density, moisture retention, and particle size of sediment were simultaneously improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.52,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}