Human activities across domestic, commercial, and industrial sectors have significantly contributed to the accumulation of pollutants, including heavy metals, inorganic and organic compounds, and dyes, in aquatic environments. To improve water quality, it is crucial to develop a sustainable treatment method for the removal of these contaminants. Modifying cellulose by adding functional groups to its structure enhances its inherent properties which improves its ability to sorb heavy metals. This study focuses on current research into the effectiveness of cellulose as a sorbent for the eradication of heavy metals from effluents. The literature review indicates that modified cellulose-based sorbents are more promising than unmodified cellulose for the heavy metal elimination process. However, to optimize the wastewater treatment process further, it is necessary to explore effective methods such as tempo-oxidation, grafting, esterification, and electrospinning for producing more effective cellulose-based adsorbents and assessing their scalability in industrial applications.
The heterogeneous photocatalyst could effectively enhance Fe(III)- activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to remove organic pollutants in wastewater, however, the homogeneous photocatalyst is little reported so far. In this work, the removal of organic pollutants in the Fe(III)/PMS system was developed under the both darkness and LED illumination, by the addition of phosphotungstic acid (HPW) as homogeneous photocatalyst. Important influencing factors were optimized in the both darkness and LED illumination, including Fe(III), PMS and HPW concentrations, and extra anions. The results showed that Rhodamine B removal by Fe(III)/PMS was significantly strengthened after introducing HPW. In addition, it maintained a wide pH range. The mechanism studies revealed that HPW enhancing Fe(III)/PMS achieved the physical behavior in the darkness, whereas the existence of radical and non-radical pathways were primarily contributed for removing organic pollutants by HPW boosting PMS under LED illumination. The different approaches could be easily achieved by simply switching between darkness and LED illumination. This study provided a new process for treating organic pollutants in wastewater.
Heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil is a global issue that seriously threatens agricultural production and human health. Biochar has attracted significant attention as an efficient and environmentally friendly material for remediating heavy metal pollution in soil. In this study, biochar (BC) was prepared from tobacco straw and then modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) using a mixed co-impregnation method to create polyethyleneimine-modified biochar (PBC). The structure and surface properties of BC and PBC were analyzed, and their effects on the physiological characteristics of Chinese cabbage, as well as the accumulation of cadmium and copper in Cd and Cu-contaminated soil, were studied. The results indicated an increase in the pore volume and pore size of the modified BC, with successful impregnation of PEI on the BC surface. The introduction of functional groups, such as amine groups, enhanced the adsorption of biochar. After 70 days of cultivating young plants, the growth status of Chinese cabbage and the soil’s physical and chemical properties were determined. Compared with the control ( CK), when the addition amount of PBC was 3%, the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The indicators with significant changes were as follows: the content of available Cd and Cu in soil decreased by 54.68% and 43.76%, respectively. The plant height and root length of Chinese cabbage increased by 3.1 cm and 3.5 cm, respectively. The fresh and dry weights of leaves increased by 138.07% and 98.3%, respectively. The fresh and dry weights of the roots increased by 107.3% and 140.5%, respectively. The chlorophyll content of the leaves increased by 57.68%. The absorption and accumulation of Cd in roots and leaves decreased by 48.80% and 55.88%, respectively. The absorption and enrichment of Cu in roots and leaves decreased by 33.04% and 43.41%, respectively. The enrichment coefficients of Cd and Cu in Chinese cabbage leaves decreased by 47.45% and 40.92%, respectively, and in roots by 48.80% and 33.04%. In summary, PBC serves as an effective soil heavy metal stabilizer, significantly enhancing the physiological and biochemical indexes of crops in contaminated soil and reducing heavy metal accumulation in crops. This provides a scientific basis and technical support for researching and developing efficient soil heavy metal stabilization materials.
Plastics are versatile materials whose production and use are growing on a global scale. However, inadequate plastic waste management and its degradation result in the release of small particles, namely microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), which have adverse effects in physical, biological, and socioeconomic aspects. United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 is related to ending hunger, promoting food security and nutrition, and achieving agricultural sustainability. MPs and NPs may affect the productivity and quality of agricultural products and contaminate foods and beverages from other sources, increasing health risks for human consumers. A systematic bibliographic review was conducted using StArt 3.4 and Excel software to identify gaps and recent advances in selected publications from 2022 and 2023 regarding the impacts of MPs and NPs to UN SDG 2. Then, 310 selected studies that discussed consequences to the agricultural soil, foods, drinking water, and beverages were summarized. The review addressed the recent advances and results regarding sources, occurrence, mobility, and effects of MPs and NPs on soil properties, nutrient cycling, productivity, and quality of agricultural soils. We also explored sources and MPs/NPs contamination of different types of foods, drinking water, and beverages. Hence, we highlighted the presence of plastic particles along the whole food production and consumption, which calls attention to the imperativeness of public policies and changes on plastic waste management cycle. We also reinforce the need for assessing MPs and NPs contamination considering local particularities, such as the climate, most common species, and feeding habits.
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