The potential ecotoxicity of Ti3C2Tx (MXene) is becoming a growing concern due to its widespread use in the field of environmental remediation. Unfortunately, little is known about the toxic effects and mechanisms of Ti3C2Tx on aquatic phytoplankton. Herein, we investigated the influence of Ti3C2Tx on the growth, oxidative stress, and metabolism of the phytoplankton Microcystis aeruginosa using conventional toxicological and metabolomics methods. Results showed that Ti3C2Tx had a dose-dependent effect on the physiological ecology of M. aeruginosa. Although low Ti3C2Tx concentrations (≤1 mg L−1) did not significantly change the M. aeruginosa growth, oxidative status, and cell morphology, high concentrations (≥5 mg L−1) substantially reduced its proliferation and photosynthetic capacity. The metabolomics results showed that low (1 mg L−1) and high (5 mg L−1) Ti3C2Tx concentrations induced the expression of 43 and 128 differential metabolites in M. aeruginosa, respectively, which were mainly enriched in the amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways. These results suggest that Ti3C2Tx resulted in metabolic disorders in M. aeruginosa, such as porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism, thereby inhibiting the photosynthetic activity of M. aeruginosa and ultimately leading to a decrease in algal growth. This study provides new insights into the toxicity mechanism of Ti3C2Tx against M. aeruginosa, which helps us understand the potential risks of Ti3C2Tx in the aquatic environment.
{"title":"Effects of Ti3C2Tx (MXene) on growth, oxidative stress, and metabolism of Microcystis aeruginosa","authors":"Qianqian Xiang, Zhihao Ju, Renhong Zhu, Minmin Niu, Yuanyuan Lin, Xuexiu Chang","doi":"10.1039/d4en01074d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en01074d","url":null,"abstract":"The potential ecotoxicity of Ti<small><sub>3</sub></small>C<small><sub>2</sub></small>T<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small> (MXene) is becoming a growing concern due to its widespread use in the field of environmental remediation. Unfortunately, little is known about the toxic effects and mechanisms of Ti<small><sub>3</sub></small>C<small><sub>2</sub></small>T<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small> on aquatic phytoplankton. Herein, we investigated the influence of Ti<small><sub>3</sub></small>C<small><sub>2</sub></small>T<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small> on the growth, oxidative stress, and metabolism of the phytoplankton <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em> using conventional toxicological and metabolomics methods. Results showed that Ti<small><sub>3</sub></small>C<small><sub>2</sub></small>T<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small> had a dose-dependent effect on the physiological ecology of <em>M. aeruginosa</em>. Although low Ti<small><sub>3</sub></small>C<small><sub>2</sub></small>T<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small> concentrations (≤1 mg L<small><sup>−1</sup></small>) did not significantly change the <em>M. aeruginosa</em> growth, oxidative status, and cell morphology, high concentrations (≥5 mg L<small><sup>−1</sup></small>) substantially reduced its proliferation and photosynthetic capacity. The metabolomics results showed that low (1 mg L<small><sup>−1</sup></small>) and high (5 mg L<small><sup>−1</sup></small>) Ti<small><sub>3</sub></small>C<small><sub>2</sub></small>T<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small> concentrations induced the expression of 43 and 128 differential metabolites in <em>M. aeruginosa</em>, respectively, which were mainly enriched in the amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways. These results suggest that Ti<small><sub>3</sub></small>C<small><sub>2</sub></small>T<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small> resulted in metabolic disorders in <em>M. aeruginosa</em>, such as porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism, thereby inhibiting the photosynthetic activity of <em>M. aeruginosa</em> and ultimately leading to a decrease in algal growth. This study provides new insights into the toxicity mechanism of Ti<small><sub>3</sub></small>C<small><sub>2</sub></small>T<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small> against <em>M. aeruginosa</em>, which helps us understand the potential risks of Ti<small><sub>3</sub></small>C<small><sub>2</sub></small>T<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small> in the aquatic environment.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juanjuan Liu, Xubo Gao, Chong Dai, Suona Zhang, Shuqiong Kong, Lin Wang, Yandi Hu
Impurity-containing iron hydroxides, abundant in many natural and engineered soil and aqueous environments, control the fate and transport of multiple aqueous contaminants. Fe(III) hydroxide was reported to simultaneously detoxicate As(III) and Cr(VI). However, the mechanisms and reaction intermediates are not clear, and the effects of impurities in ferrihydrite were far from being well understood. Here, Cr(III)-incorporated Fe(III) hydroxides were precipitated from acidic solutions (pH ∼ 3.0) with varied Fe(III)/Cr(III) molar ratios (10 : 0 to 8 : 2) for simultaneous removal of As(III) and Cr(VI). Multiple characterization techniques were combined to investigate the effects of Cr-incorporation on the size, band gap, adsorption, and catalytic efficiency of Fe hydroxides. With the amounts of Cr-incorporation increasing, the particle size of Fe hydroxides rapidly decreased (from 16.7 to 6.0 nm), and the removal of total As/Cr increased, as the Cr-incorporated Fe hydroxides with smaller size had larger surface area, promoting As/Cr removal by adsorption. Based on As/Cr speciation analysis of both aqueous and solid phases, the molar ratios of the oxidized As(III) (88%) to reduced Cr(VI) (∼56%) were calculated to be ∼1.5, indicating that the coupled redox conversion was the dominant removal mechanism over As(III)/Cr(VI) adsorption and As(III) oxidation. Intermediate characterization and molecular simulation found that Cr-incorporation promoted the early formation of H2O2 and Cr(V) intermediates, and enhanced the adsorption of reaction intermediates on Cr-incorporated Fe hydroxides, thus promoting their catalytic efficiency for coupled As(III)/Cr(VI) redox reactions.
{"title":"Cr(III)-incorporated Fe(III) hydroxides for enhanced redox conversion of As(III) and Cr(VI) in acidic solution","authors":"Juanjuan Liu, Xubo Gao, Chong Dai, Suona Zhang, Shuqiong Kong, Lin Wang, Yandi Hu","doi":"10.1039/d4en01068j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en01068j","url":null,"abstract":"Impurity-containing iron hydroxides, abundant in many natural and engineered soil and aqueous environments, control the fate and transport of multiple aqueous contaminants. Fe(<small>III</small>) hydroxide was reported to simultaneously detoxicate As(<small>III</small>) and Cr(<small>VI</small>). However, the mechanisms and reaction intermediates are not clear, and the effects of impurities in ferrihydrite were far from being well understood. Here, Cr(<small>III</small>)-incorporated Fe(<small>III</small>) hydroxides were precipitated from acidic solutions (pH ∼ 3.0) with varied Fe(<small>III</small>)/Cr(<small>III</small>) molar ratios (10 : 0 to 8 : 2) for simultaneous removal of As(<small>III</small>) and Cr(<small>VI</small>). Multiple characterization techniques were combined to investigate the effects of Cr-incorporation on the size, band gap, adsorption, and catalytic efficiency of Fe hydroxides. With the amounts of Cr-incorporation increasing, the particle size of Fe hydroxides rapidly decreased (from 16.7 to 6.0 nm), and the removal of total As/Cr increased, as the Cr-incorporated Fe hydroxides with smaller size had larger surface area, promoting As/Cr removal by adsorption. Based on As/Cr speciation analysis of both aqueous and solid phases, the molar ratios of the oxidized As(<small>III</small>) (88%) to reduced Cr(<small>VI</small>) (∼56%) were calculated to be ∼1.5, indicating that the coupled redox conversion was the dominant removal mechanism over As(<small>III</small>)/Cr(<small>VI</small>) adsorption and As(<small>III</small>) oxidation. Intermediate characterization and molecular simulation found that Cr-incorporation promoted the early formation of H<small><sub>2</sub></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small> and Cr(<small>V</small>) intermediates, and enhanced the adsorption of reaction intermediates on Cr-incorporated Fe hydroxides, thus promoting their catalytic efficiency for coupled As(<small>III</small>)/Cr(<small>VI</small>) redox reactions.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katie O'Neill, Jagannath Biswakarma, Richard Crane, James M. Byrne
Growing demand for metals, particularly those with irreplaceable utility within renewable energy technology dictates an urgent demand for the development of new innovative approaches for their extraction from primary and secondary sources. In this study, magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) were investigated for their ability to remove cobalt (Co2+), nickel (Ni2+), and zinc (Zn2+) ions from neutral pH aqueous solutions under anoxic conditions. A MNP suspension (1 g L-1 or 5 g L-1) was exposed to varying concentrations of Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) (50 – 1000 mg L-1) in both single and mixed systems for 48 hours at pH 7.0 ± 0.1. Results show that MNPs can remove these ions to low concentrations (Kd values: Zn: 0.07 L g-1; Co: 0.02 L g-1; and Ni: 0.01 L g-1 in single metal systems). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed relatively homogenous surface coverage of MNPs by each metal, while X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) measurements determined sorption via the formation of coordinate bonds between the sorbed metals and surface oxygen atoms (Fe-O). Overall, our results show that MNPs can serve as an effective and reusable sorbent for Zn, Ni and Co ions from circumneutral pH waters.
{"title":"Recovery of Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) at circumneutral pH","authors":"Katie O'Neill, Jagannath Biswakarma, Richard Crane, James M. Byrne","doi":"10.1039/d4en01176g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en01176g","url":null,"abstract":"Growing demand for metals, particularly those with irreplaceable utility within renewable energy technology dictates an urgent demand for the development of new innovative approaches for their extraction from primary and secondary sources. In this study, magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) were investigated for their ability to remove cobalt (Co2+), nickel (Ni2+), and zinc (Zn2+) ions from neutral pH aqueous solutions under anoxic conditions. A MNP suspension (1 g L-1 or 5 g L-1) was exposed to varying concentrations of Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) (50 – 1000 mg L-1) in both single and mixed systems for 48 hours at pH 7.0 ± 0.1. Results show that MNPs can remove these ions to low concentrations (Kd values: Zn: 0.07 L g-1; Co: 0.02 L g-1; and Ni: 0.01 L g-1 in single metal systems). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed relatively homogenous surface coverage of MNPs by each metal, while X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) measurements determined sorption via the formation of coordinate bonds between the sorbed metals and surface oxygen atoms (Fe-O). Overall, our results show that MNPs can serve as an effective and reusable sorbent for Zn, Ni and Co ions from circumneutral pH waters.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Pettibone, Song Syun Jhang, Eric Windsor, Tae Joon Cho, Thomas P Forbes, Ying Tung Kuo, Li-piin Sung, Justin Gorham
Determining unknown secondary micro and nanoplastic (MNP) composition remains a persistent analytical challenge for field collected samples. The availability of material standards should accelerate method development for improved identification. Here, ultraviolet irradiated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films and particles were used as models for investigating the production of weathered control materials. We investigated the weathered products’ chemical signatures, their stability during sampling and examination, and reproducible production of the chemical distributions using commonly reported analytical approaches for small plastic particles. We found that both conditions during irradiation and the processing procedure used for MNP production significantly contribute to changes in product distribution and the persistence of the oxidized products within the particles. Measurements were also conducted directly on MNP powders after UV-exposure to minimize any possible perturbations in product distribution from sample handling and processing. Using the model PET system, differences in sensitivity for commonly used techniques and methods were compared and discussion on relative performance for detection sensitivity was provided. Together, these findings revealed unreported pitfalls affecting accurate identification of chemically modified MNP materials.
{"title":"Chemical heterogeneity observed in the development of photo-oxidized PET micro- and nanoparticle weathered controls","authors":"John Pettibone, Song Syun Jhang, Eric Windsor, Tae Joon Cho, Thomas P Forbes, Ying Tung Kuo, Li-piin Sung, Justin Gorham","doi":"10.1039/d4en00841c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00841c","url":null,"abstract":"Determining unknown secondary micro and nanoplastic (MNP) composition remains a persistent analytical challenge for field collected samples. The availability of material standards should accelerate method development for improved identification. Here, ultraviolet irradiated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films and particles were used as models for investigating the production of weathered control materials. We investigated the weathered products’ chemical signatures, their stability during sampling and examination, and reproducible production of the chemical distributions using commonly reported analytical approaches for small plastic particles. We found that both conditions during irradiation and the processing procedure used for MNP production significantly contribute to changes in product distribution and the persistence of the oxidized products within the particles. Measurements were also conducted directly on MNP powders after UV-exposure to minimize any possible perturbations in product distribution from sample handling and processing. Using the model PET system, differences in sensitivity for commonly used techniques and methods were compared and discussion on relative performance for detection sensitivity was provided. Together, these findings revealed unreported pitfalls affecting accurate identification of chemically modified MNP materials.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Correction for ‘Emerging investigator series: quantitative insights into the relationship between the concentrations and SERS intensities of neonicotinoids in water’ by Shengdong Liu et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2024, 11, 3294–3300, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EN00221K.
{"title":"Correction: Emerging investigator series: quantitative insights into the relationship between the concentrations and SERS intensities of neonicotinoids in water","authors":"Shengdong Liu, James Lazarcik, Haoran Wei","doi":"10.1039/d5en90005k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en90005k","url":null,"abstract":"Correction for ‘Emerging investigator series: quantitative insights into the relationship between the concentrations and SERS intensities of neonicotinoids in water’ by Shengdong Liu <em>et al.</em>, <em>Environ. Sci.: Nano</em>, 2024, <strong>11</strong>, 3294–3300, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EN00221K.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the efficient and stable pollutant degradation properties, FeⅣ species from Fe-based single-atom catalysts (Fe-SACs) have garnered significant interest in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). However, the microstructure and function of FeⅣ species in these processes remain contentious. In this study, we developed Au@SiO2@Fe-SACs and utilized a combination of in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, theoretical calculations, and synchrotron radiation techniques to elucidate the structure and functional mechanisms of FeⅣ species during AOPs. Our findings demonstrated that Fe-SACs with a FeⅡN4 structure were loaded on Au@SiO2 to obtain Au@SiO2@Fe-SACs. During PMS oxidation, a Raman peak associated with the Fe-O bonds appeared at 837 cm-1 along with blue-shifts of Fe-N bonds from 183 cm-1 and 322 cm-1 to 191 cm-1 and 335 cm-1, proving the generation of FeⅣ species. Specifically, the elongation of the Fe-O bond displaced the Fe atom from the NC plane, resulting in an extension of the Fe-N bond length from 1.88 Å to 1.93 Å. Furthermore, the FeⅣ species directly oxidized typical pollutant phenol through a direct oxidation transformation pathway (DOTP) within a wide pH range of 3 to 9. They exhibited a significant increase in removal efficiency of phenol than the hydroxyl radicals (·OH) from activated H2O2 and effective reduction of total organic carbon (TOC). This study offers critical insights into the structural and functional attributes of FeⅣ species, providing valuable guidance for the design of more efficient Fe-SACs in AOPs.
{"title":"In Situ Raman Studying the Microstructure and Function of FeIV Species in Advanced Oxidation Process","authors":"Chunwan Wang, Shiwei Li, Yun Zhang, Xiaoling Zhang, Wei Ran, Rui Liu","doi":"10.1039/d4en01066c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en01066c","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the efficient and stable pollutant degradation properties, Fe<small><sup>Ⅳ</sup></small> species from Fe-based single-atom catalysts (Fe-SACs) have garnered significant interest in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). However, the microstructure and function of Fe<small><sup>Ⅳ</sup></small> species in these processes remain contentious. In this study, we developed Au@SiO<small><sub>2</sub></small>@Fe-SACs and utilized a combination of in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, theoretical calculations, and synchrotron radiation techniques to elucidate the structure and functional mechanisms of Fe<small><sup>Ⅳ</sup></small> species during AOPs. Our findings demonstrated that Fe-SACs with a Fe<small><sup>Ⅱ</sup></small>N<small><sub>4</sub></small> structure were loaded on Au@SiO<small><sub>2</sub></small> to obtain Au@SiO<small><sub>2</sub></small>@Fe-SACs. During PMS oxidation, a Raman peak associated with the Fe-O bonds appeared at 837 cm<small><sup>-1</sup></small> along with blue-shifts of Fe-N bonds from 183 cm<small><sup>-1</sup></small> and 322 cm<small><sup>-1 </sup></small>to 191 cm<small><sup>-1</sup></small> and 335 cm<small><sup>-1</sup></small>, proving the generation of Fe<small><sup>Ⅳ</sup></small> species. Specifically, the elongation of the Fe-O bond displaced the Fe atom from the NC plane, resulting in an extension of the Fe-N bond length from 1.88 Å to 1.93 Å. Furthermore, the FeⅣ species directly oxidized typical pollutant phenol through a direct oxidation transformation pathway (DOTP) within a wide pH range of 3 to 9. They exhibited a significant increase in removal efficiency of phenol than the hydroxyl radicals (·OH) from activated H<small><sub>2</sub></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small> and effective reduction of total organic carbon (TOC). This study offers critical insights into the structural and functional attributes of FeⅣ species, providing valuable guidance for the design of more efficient Fe-SACs in AOPs.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The recycling of industrial VOCs has attracted enormous interest for its significant roles in mitigating VOCs emissions and reducing human and environmental risks. Here, we report a highly efficient multifunctional Fe/FeOx/NPC adsorbent, which shows high adsorption capacity for toluene (200 mg·g-1) and ethyl acetate (154 mg·g-1) and 100% regeneration efficiency without deactivation after five cycles. By introducing nano Fe/FeOx, the SBET and pore volume of NPC is increased from 163.66 m2·g-1 and 0.142 mL·g−1 to 361.30 m2·g-1 and 0.22 mL·g−1, respectively. It is achieved by a multifunctional adsorbent that provides efficient adsorption and thermal effect sites (Fe0, FeOx and graphitic carbon), which cooperatively facilitates an adsorption-regeneration. More significantly, the thermal effect sites and diverse pore structures play crucial role in the successive and synergetic separation and desorption of VOCs from multifunctional adsorbent. The thermal effect sites on Fe/FeOx/NPC can effectively inhibit the conversion of the thermal activation reaction of VOCs into high-boiling carbonates, thereby avoiding the formation of heel build-up and deactivation of adsorbents. Our research introduces an efficient VOCs recycling approach enabled by subtle control of the VOCs regeneration on a multifunctional interface.
{"title":"Enhanced VOCs Recycling by Nano Fe/FeOx Decorated Nano Porous Carbon","authors":"Weiping Zhang, Xiong Xiao, Xiaoqin Wang, Hongli Liu, Xingye Zeng, Taicheng An","doi":"10.1039/d5en00019j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00019j","url":null,"abstract":"The recycling of industrial VOCs has attracted enormous interest for its significant roles in mitigating VOCs emissions and reducing human and environmental risks. Here, we report a highly efficient multifunctional Fe/FeOx/NPC adsorbent, which shows high adsorption capacity for toluene (200 mg·g-1) and ethyl acetate (154 mg·g-1) and 100% regeneration efficiency without deactivation after five cycles. By introducing nano Fe/FeOx, the SBET and pore volume of NPC is increased from 163.66 m2·g-1 and 0.142 mL·g−1 to 361.30 m2·g-1 and 0.22 mL·g−1, respectively. It is achieved by a multifunctional adsorbent that provides efficient adsorption and thermal effect sites (Fe0, FeOx and graphitic carbon), which cooperatively facilitates an adsorption-regeneration. More significantly, the thermal effect sites and diverse pore structures play crucial role in the successive and synergetic separation and desorption of VOCs from multifunctional adsorbent. The thermal effect sites on Fe/FeOx/NPC can effectively inhibit the conversion of the thermal activation reaction of VOCs into high-boiling carbonates, thereby avoiding the formation of heel build-up and deactivation of adsorbents. Our research introduces an efficient VOCs recycling approach enabled by subtle control of the VOCs regeneration on a multifunctional interface.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing use of nanopesticides in agriculture has raised concerns about their potential environmental health risks. Herein, we evaluate and compare the effects of metal-based nano-copper oxide (nCuO) and bio-based nano-chitosan (nCS) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant growth, soil environment, and non-target organisms (tadpoles). Our results showed that both nCS and nCuO significantly enhanced tomato seedling elongation, shoot and root biomass. Regarding soil health, the low concentration of nCS (10 mg/kg, nCS10) and nCuO (0.1 mg/kg, nCuO0.1) did not affect soil pH, but nCS10 increased soil total carbon (28.0%) and total nitrogen content (64.9%), and nCuO0.1 resulted in the increase in Cu content (104.5%) and decrease in sulfur content. For high concentrations, nCuO (1 mg/kg, nCuO1) and nCS (100 mg/kg, nCS100) both led to a reduction in sulfur without significantly impacting soil enzyme activity. Besides, nCS increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Aeromicrobium and Streptomyces) without impairing soil microbial functions, whereas nCuO treatment increased the abundance of Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, and Lysobacter, as well as decreased Iamia, Altererythrobacter, and Vicinamibacteraceae, crucial for nutrient cycling, thus undermining soil metabolic processes. In terms of non-target organism toxicity, although nCS100 exposure induced CAT decline and MDA increase resulting in lower survival rates (50.2%) of tadpoles than nCuO1 (63.2%), both treatments had higher survival rates than conventional pesticides (copper guanidine acetate). Altogether, our research underscores the multifaceted risks of nanopesticides on plants, soils, organisms, offering valuable perspectives for their potential use and the advancement of safer, environmentally friendly alternatives to nanopesticides.
{"title":"Risk assessment of metal/bio-based nanopesticides: Plant growth, soil environment, and non-target organisms","authors":"Jiabao Wu, Ningke Fan, Huimin Liao, Yejia Zhang, Zhenggao Xiao, Zhenyu Wang","doi":"10.1039/d4en00941j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00941j","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing use of nanopesticides in agriculture has raised concerns about their potential environmental health risks. Herein, we evaluate and compare the effects of metal-based nano-copper oxide (nCuO) and bio-based nano-chitosan (nCS) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant growth, soil environment, and non-target organisms (tadpoles). Our results showed that both nCS and nCuO significantly enhanced tomato seedling elongation, shoot and root biomass. Regarding soil health, the low concentration of nCS (10 mg/kg, nCS10) and nCuO (0.1 mg/kg, nCuO0.1) did not affect soil pH, but nCS10 increased soil total carbon (28.0%) and total nitrogen content (64.9%), and nCuO0.1 resulted in the increase in Cu content (104.5%) and decrease in sulfur content. For high concentrations, nCuO (1 mg/kg, nCuO1) and nCS (100 mg/kg, nCS100) both led to a reduction in sulfur without significantly impacting soil enzyme activity. Besides, nCS increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Aeromicrobium and Streptomyces) without impairing soil microbial functions, whereas nCuO treatment increased the abundance of Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, and Lysobacter, as well as decreased Iamia, Altererythrobacter, and Vicinamibacteraceae, crucial for nutrient cycling, thus undermining soil metabolic processes. In terms of non-target organism toxicity, although nCS100 exposure induced CAT decline and MDA increase resulting in lower survival rates (50.2%) of tadpoles than nCuO1 (63.2%), both treatments had higher survival rates than conventional pesticides (copper guanidine acetate). Altogether, our research underscores the multifaceted risks of nanopesticides on plants, soils, organisms, offering valuable perspectives for their potential use and the advancement of safer, environmentally friendly alternatives to nanopesticides.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Devesh Bekah, Yash Boyjoo, Rajnee Mistry Panpadoo, Jason C. White, Archana Bhaw-Luximon
The risk of long-term global food insecurity is being exacerbated by climate change, as well as by a range of other socio-economic and political factors. Conventional agriculture has been heavily dependent on agrochemical use for decades, and although this has increased food production in a way that has benefited billions of citizens, the subsequent damage to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems has been significant. This is in part due to agrochemical delivery and use efficiency levels that are often 30% or less, leading to over-application to achieve acceptable yield but that results in a significant negative environmental footprint of agriculture. Recent advances in agrochemical delivery have sought to mimic nanodrug delivery systems in health, where materials design and delivery is engineered to be efficient, precise and safe. Consequently, a number of agrochemical delivery strategies have been described in the literature, offering equivalent or enhanced efficacy with reduced environmental impact. Several recent studies have extended this work to targeting specific biotic and abiotic plant stresses, with the goal of developing more sophisticated nanostimulants and nanofertilizers that promote overall climate resilience in agriculture. This paper will review and analyze the vast potential of these agrochemical delivery systems, including an assessment of future directions that could validate the widespread application of nano-enabled agriculture as a critical tool in combatting global food insecurity in a changing climate.
{"title":"Nanostimulants and nanofertilizers for precision agriculture: Transforming food production in the 21st century","authors":"Devesh Bekah, Yash Boyjoo, Rajnee Mistry Panpadoo, Jason C. White, Archana Bhaw-Luximon","doi":"10.1039/d5en00055f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00055f","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of long-term global food insecurity is being exacerbated by climate change, as well as by a range of other socio-economic and political factors. Conventional agriculture has been heavily dependent on agrochemical use for decades, and although this has increased food production in a way that has benefited billions of citizens, the subsequent damage to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems has been significant. This is in part due to agrochemical delivery and use efficiency levels that are often 30% or less, leading to over-application to achieve acceptable yield but that results in a significant negative environmental footprint of agriculture. Recent advances in agrochemical delivery have sought to mimic nanodrug delivery systems in health, where materials design and delivery is engineered to be efficient, precise and safe. Consequently, a number of agrochemical delivery strategies have been described in the literature, offering equivalent or enhanced efficacy with reduced environmental impact. Several recent studies have extended this work to targeting specific biotic and abiotic plant stresses, with the goal of developing more sophisticated nanostimulants and nanofertilizers that promote overall climate resilience in agriculture. This paper will review and analyze the vast potential of these agrochemical delivery systems, including an assessment of future directions that could validate the widespread application of nano-enabled agriculture as a critical tool in combatting global food insecurity in a changing climate.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"208 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhongmiao Wang, Jie Hou, Jiang Xu, Kun Yang, Daohui Lin
Microorganisms are pivotal in decomposing persistent organic pollutants in the environment. However, the bioavailability of pollutants is often hindered by the strong adsorption to ubiquitous fine colloids. This study provides the first evidence that Rhodococcus biphenylivorans, a known intracellular oxidative degradation bacterium, can reductively degrade organochlorine pollutants adsorbed on biochar colloids (BCCs) extracellularly, besides the oxidative degradation of BCCs-adsorbed pollutants intracellularly. Over a 30-day biodegradation period, the total biodegradation rates of adsorbed 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB28, 10 mg/L) on BCCs (1 g/L) prepared at pyrolysis temperatures of 300, 500, and 700 ℃ were 59.4%, 34.8%, and 10.4%, respectively. The biodegradation products of adsorbed PCB28 on low-temperature BCCs were mainly chlorosubstituted-2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenyl-2,4-hexadienoic acid-type products, while in the high-temperature BCCs system, dichlorobiphenyl was the main product. Mechanistically, BCCs with the low pyrolysis temperature could fragment during the degradation, facilitating the transport of adsorbed PCB28 into bacteria for the intracellular oxidative degradation; the interactions between bacterial cells and BCCs (especially of high pyrolysis temperature) could stimulate the respiratory chain electron efflux for the extracellular dechlorination degradation. These findings not only provide new insights into the modulatory influence of BCCs on microbial degradation of pollutants, but also enrich our knowledge on the environmental fate of colloids-adsorbed pollutants.
{"title":"Biochar colloids act as both transporters of organic pollutants and stimulants of respiratory chain electron efflux: a new understanding of microbial degradation of adsorbed pollutants","authors":"Zhongmiao Wang, Jie Hou, Jiang Xu, Kun Yang, Daohui Lin","doi":"10.1039/d4en01019a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en01019a","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms are pivotal in decomposing persistent organic pollutants in the environment. However, the bioavailability of pollutants is often hindered by the strong adsorption to ubiquitous fine colloids. This study provides the first evidence that Rhodococcus biphenylivorans, a known intracellular oxidative degradation bacterium, can reductively degrade organochlorine pollutants adsorbed on biochar colloids (BCCs) extracellularly, besides the oxidative degradation of BCCs-adsorbed pollutants intracellularly. Over a 30-day biodegradation period, the total biodegradation rates of adsorbed 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB28, 10 mg/L) on BCCs (1 g/L) prepared at pyrolysis temperatures of 300, 500, and 700 ℃ were 59.4%, 34.8%, and 10.4%, respectively. The biodegradation products of adsorbed PCB28 on low-temperature BCCs were mainly chlorosubstituted-2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenyl-2,4-hexadienoic acid-type products, while in the high-temperature BCCs system, dichlorobiphenyl was the main product. Mechanistically, BCCs with the low pyrolysis temperature could fragment during the degradation, facilitating the transport of adsorbed PCB28 into bacteria for the intracellular oxidative degradation; the interactions between bacterial cells and BCCs (especially of high pyrolysis temperature) could stimulate the respiratory chain electron efflux for the extracellular dechlorination degradation. These findings not only provide new insights into the modulatory influence of BCCs on microbial degradation of pollutants, but also enrich our knowledge on the environmental fate of colloids-adsorbed pollutants.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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