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Song Xin Notes (Song Xin Bi Ji) was written by Miao Zunyi, one of the three well-known physicians of Wu Zhong (Wu Zhong San Jia) in the History of the Qing Dynasty in the Suzhou area. The existing versions of Song Xin Notes are the following - the Xu Ziyu copy from the Qing Dynasty kept in the Nanjing Library, the Anonymous copy from the Qing Dynasty also in the Nanjing Library, the lead print copy in the Republic of China and the Zhang Cun Cun Zhai stone print in the Republic of China. Among them, the anonymous copy is not found in the catalogue books of modern Chinese medicine. It was found that the Xu Ziyu copy from the Qing Dynasty was the earliest copy of the Songxin Notes, which appeared between 1835 and 1840. The lead print copy in the Republic of China was the earliest print of the Songxin Notes, published in 1913 or 1914. The book involved a total of 38 medical cases and 19 disease syndromes, and mainly focused on the complicated diseases. The time span of this book covered more than 50 years, highlighting the clinical characteristics of Miao in terms of following classic patterns, absorbing the skills of others and creative in his clinical treatment.

The formula for the five internal organs (Wu Zang Da Bu Fang) in the existed versions of The Key Use of 'Auxiliary Techniques' for Internal Medicine (Fu Xing Jue Wu Zang Yong Yao Fa Yao) are discrepant in terms of prescription composition. It is difficult to trace back the reasons for such a discrepancy with emendation or proof reading because the original version of The Key Use of Auxiliary Techniques for Internal Medicine had been lost. This paper examines the five viscera and body relationship and five elements (Jin, Mu, Shui, Huo, Tu) interrelationship with reference to Auxiliary Techniques, and analyses the discrepancy in the formula for the five internal organs in the existed versions of The Key Use of 'Auxiliary Techniques' for Internal Medicine. It was found that the reasons for such a discrepancy in the formula was due to the fact that the textual critics in different historical periods took different accesses and approaches to different fragmentary and distorted copies. The prescription composition can be sorted out and derived into a reasonable version. The chronological order for each version formation can also be inferred.

Su Wen Ji Wen and Su Wen Kao are representative works of Chinese medicine located in the textual research school in Japan. However, the authorship of Su Wen Ji Wen had not been confirmed, and the relationship between the two books was still confusing. This paper examined the manuscript of Su Wen Ji Wen collected by the Taipei National Palace Museum and Su Wen Kao emendated by Qian Chaochen, and explored the life experience of Nakano Gengo, the author of Su Wen Ji Wen and Kijou Koukan, the author of Su Wen Kao. It can be identified that Nakano Gengo is the author of Su Wen Ji Wen because it was written from his lecture notes when he attended to the lecture Su Wen instructed by Taki Motoyasu. His book Su Wen Ji Wen was completed between 1780 and 1788. It was found that Taki Motoyasu was not a student of Kijou Koukan and did not plagiarise his work. It was also found that the two books were indirect interpretations of the early research of Taki Motoyasu on Suwen. They have important value for the textual research school of Japanese kampo medicine.

The Dunhuang fragment ДX17453 in Dun Huang Literature in Russia (E Cang Dun Huang Wen Xian), was believed to be a related version of Su Wen. It was previously taken as a version based on the Su Wen annotated by Wang Bing. However, the content of ДX17453 differs from the annotated edition by Wang Bing in terms of format and content. It was found that the ДX17453 should be the original version before the annotated edition by Wang Bing, sharing the same original manuscript with the annotated edition by Wang Bing. The format of the fragment ДX17453 took a Tibetan style, which might mean it was produced in the period of the Tibetan regime (786-848). These findings provide references for investigating the popularity of Su Wen before the Song Dynasty.

The pills for infantile indigestion (Xiao Ru Wan) in One Hundred Questions for Pediatrics (Ying Tong Bai Wen) is one of the commonly used classic formulas in pediatrics for infantile indigestion. It was described "like ice-cream (Xue Gao) as small as a millet after it was soaked to feed infants". Xue Gao (Ice-cream) here was unclear in terms of meaning and usage. Based on the literature and archives, Xue Gao (Ice-cream) was a common cake made of steamed glutinous rice powder and rice flour in the Song Dynasty. It looked like snow in light weight. It was often processed as drugs in traditional Chinese medicine, named as White Cake or Snow Cake (Xue Gao). Additionally, the usage of 'millet soaked to feed infants' was similar with the usage of 'steamed cake made of flour'. They were processed as pills and were soaked to feed infants. In this sense, it was inferred that Xue Gao was air-dried steamed millet for some years. Xue Gao, processed as pills, had the following features. It was often taken as excipient in drugs because it was made of sticky rice. Additionally, it had the effect of tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi (invigorating spleen-stomach and replenishing Qi) for its ingredients - sticky rice and polished round-grained rice. Moreover, Xue Gao was easy to reserve after it was air-dried. More importantly, it can help soften untoward effect of other drugs and minimise gastrointestinal irritation when it was used with other medicine.

Okada Shôshun (1827-1897), as the last shogunate healer, was a renowned physician of Kampo medicine in Japan from the late Edo to Meiji period. He came from the school of Taki's orthodox medicine, participated in Yi Xi Fang, and drove the development of Kampo medicine in Japan in the Meiji period. He was taken as one of the Six Sages in Kampo medicine and was believed a driving force in the development and continuation of Kampo medicine in Japan. This was because he was one of the founders of the Wun Zhi Society, opened a hospital for Kampo medicine, had scholarly research papers published in a variety of journals, and served as a professor in He Han Medicine Instructing and Practicing Institute. Okada Shshun was an expert in both medicine and Confucianism. His writings, such as the Medical Records of the Ji Shou Guan and the Biography of the Eight Great Chinese Medical Physicians, are of great value as documents in medical history. Additionally, he also paid great attention to the studies and knowledge dissemination of epidemics. This paper focuses on his life history and academic contribution within the background and the development of Kampo medicine, and provides a reference for the study of modern Kampo medicine in Japan.

Relevant topics around traditional Chinese medicine have been fully and continuously reported by the People's daily after the reform and opening-up policy. This has helped shape and mould the social image of traditional Chinese medicine. Such a social image of traditional Chinese medicine was established by the development of hospitals and the behaviour of their practitioners multi-dimensionally by the specific content and discourse of the People's daily. This involved constructing and interpreting a perception of the quality of the hospitals and their practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine and their work performance. Such construction and interpretation guided people's scientific cognition towards tradition Chinese medicine, consolidated the social status of traditional Chinese medicine, and supported the reform of the national medicine and healthcare system.

Wan Shi Zuan Yao, the unique copy of this publication for pediatrics, was written by Xu Zhiyi in the Ming Dynasty. It was compiled based on Dou Zhen Xin Fa by Wan Quan, a well-known physician for pediatrics, and other great medical books for pediatrics in the Ming Dynasty. This paper examines and analyses the content and compilation characteristics of Wan Shi Zuan Yao. For the reviser Zheng Yinglou in this book, this is believed to be a misrepresentation based on the relevant entries in the Catalogue of Ancient Books of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Gu Ji Zong Mu). For the origin and content of Wan Shi Zuan Yao, it was found that the key book it drew on was a reedited revision of Dou Zhen Xin Fa (Yun Yang Version) and other works on pediatrics, such as Bo Ai Xin Jian and Bao Chi Quan Shu in the Ming Dynasty. For the compiling style, it was found that the book took a Chinese traditional method of book compiling, exacted the commonly used key points from Dou Zhen Xin Fa, and improved the theories and formulae in pediatrics. Wan Shi Zuan Yao has great value in both medical theory and literary research.

The theory "San Xu Zhi Yi" means epidemic diseases are mainly caused by changes in nature, deficiency of human energy and etiology (irregular sources of diseases). It was developed by some physicians in the Song Dynasty on the basis of Su Wen Yi Pian and Shang Han Li, with its relevant prevention and treatment. It was systematically discussed by some physicians, such as Han Zhihe, Pang Anshi, Zhu Gong, Guo Yong and Chen Wuze, in terms of spatio-temporal factors, the effects from weather, geography, human constitution and the seasonal principle of epidemic diseases towards its occurrence and prevalence. It was believed that the irregular sources of diseases (Xie) involve coldness and abnormal Qi. It was also believed that diagnoses needed to pay sufficient attention to environment, season, region, and the development of the diseases. Its prescription should involve gypsum and folium for clearing away heat and toxic materials, protecting the stomach, and adjusting diet and lifestyle. This theory and method of dealing with epidemic diseases in the Song Dynasty had great influence on the school of epidemic febrile disease, the school of warm-heat and the school of latent qi.

Yogaśataka, an Ayurvedic medical canon, was translated into Tibetan, Kuchean and Uighur, and was widespread in the Western Regions (Xi Yu area), Nepal, and Sri Lanka. This paper focuses on the first formula prescription in the Sanskrit-Kuchean fragment PK AS 2A of the Yogaśataka in terms of its prescription translation into Chinese, examining drugs, the names of diseases, and analysis of the characteristics of prescriptions bilingually. It was found that the Kuchean translators added specific information of drug usages to the original Sanskrit prescriptions. The Kuchean translators also made mistakes, such as misunderstanding and transcribing errors. The prescription for menorrhagia in PK AS 2A was widely used in ancient India and the Western Regions (Xi Yu), revealing the influence of the Yogaśataka in different social and cultural levels in the Western Regions (Xi Yu).