Pub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1007/s00114-025-01966-4
Scott O. Rogers, Arnold J. Bendich
Four main classes of introns (group I, group II, spliceosomal, and archaeal) have been reported for all major types of RNA from nuclei and organelles of a wide range of taxa. When and how introns inserted within the genic regions of genomes, however, is often unclear. Introns were examined from Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Up to 80 bp surrounding each of the 5' and 3' intron/exon borders were compared to search for direct repeats (DRs). For each of the 213 introns examined, DNA sequence analysis revealed DRs at or near the intron/exon borders, ranging from 4 to 30 bp in length, with a mean of 11.4 bp. More than 80% of the repeats were within 10 bp of the intron/exon borders. The numbers of DRs 6–30 bp in length were greater than expected by chance. When a DNA segment moves into a new genomic location, the insertion involves a double-strand DNA break that must be repaired to maintain genome stability and often results in a pair of DRs that now flank the insert. This insertion process applies to both mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as transposons, and to introns as reported here. The DNA break at the insertion site may be caused by transposon-like events or recombination. Thus, introns and transposons appear to be members of a group of parasitic MGEs that secondarily may benefit their host cell and have expanded greatly in eukaryotes from their prokaryotic ancestors.
{"title":"Direct repeats found in the vicinity of intron splice sites","authors":"Scott O. Rogers, Arnold J. Bendich","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-01966-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-01966-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Four main classes of introns (group I, group II, spliceosomal, and archaeal) have been reported for all major types of RNA from nuclei and organelles of a wide range of taxa. When and how introns inserted within the genic regions of genomes, however, is often unclear. Introns were examined from Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Up to 80 bp surrounding each of the 5' and 3' intron/exon borders were compared to search for direct repeats (DRs). For each of the 213 introns examined, DNA sequence analysis revealed DRs at or near the intron/exon borders, ranging from 4 to 30 bp in length, with a mean of 11.4 bp. More than 80% of the repeats were within 10 bp of the intron/exon borders. The numbers of DRs 6–30 bp in length were greater than expected by chance. When a DNA segment moves into a new genomic location, the insertion involves a double-strand DNA break that must be repaired to maintain genome stability and often results in a pair of DRs that now flank the insert. This insertion process applies to both mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as transposons, and to introns as reported here. The DNA break at the insertion site may be caused by transposon-like events or recombination. Thus, introns and transposons appear to be members of a group of parasitic MGEs that secondarily may benefit their host cell and have expanded greatly in eukaryotes from their prokaryotic ancestors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kimia Moiniafshari, Alessandra Zanut, Andrea Tapparo, Paolo Pastore, Sara Bogialli, Fazel Abdolahpur Monikh
Humans are constantly exposed to microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs). Although significant gaps remain in our understanding of their adverse effects on human health, it is increasingly evident that MNPs can penetrate physiological barriers and accumulate in various locations within the human body. Analytical limitations in tracking and measuring nanoplastics in physiological media may persist for several years before we can accurately detect these particles in the human body and establish a clear link between their exposure and associated hazards. In addition to the few studies that have emerged recently, our knowledge of chemicals with properties similar to those of MNPs, as well as other types of nanomaterials, suggests that MNPs may cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and potentially induce damage to the human central nervous system. Here, we provide an overview of the limited number of studies available on this topic and present a perspective on the potential pathways through which MNPs may penetrate the BBB. We also discuss the main mechanisms by which MNPs could potentially impact the central nervous system (CNS), with a focus on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). This information could contribute to the development of tailored studies exploring the negative effects of MNPs on the CNS.
{"title":"A Perspective on the Potential Impact of Microplastics and Nanoplastics on the Human Central Nervous System","authors":"Kimia Moiniafshari, Alessandra Zanut, Andrea Tapparo, Paolo Pastore, Sara Bogialli, Fazel Abdolahpur Monikh","doi":"10.1039/d4en01017e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en01017e","url":null,"abstract":"Humans are constantly exposed to microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs). Although significant gaps remain in our understanding of their adverse effects on human health, it is increasingly evident that MNPs can penetrate physiological barriers and accumulate in various locations within the human body. Analytical limitations in tracking and measuring nanoplastics in physiological media may persist for several years before we can accurately detect these particles in the human body and establish a clear link between their exposure and associated hazards. In addition to the few studies that have emerged recently, our knowledge of chemicals with properties similar to those of MNPs, as well as other types of nanomaterials, suggests that MNPs may cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and potentially induce damage to the human central nervous system. Here, we provide an overview of the limited number of studies available on this topic and present a perspective on the potential pathways through which MNPs may penetrate the BBB. We also discuss the main mechanisms by which MNPs could potentially impact the central nervous system (CNS), with a focus on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). This information could contribute to the development of tailored studies exploring the negative effects of MNPs on the CNS.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charles A. Clifford, Delphine Bard, Fernando A. Castro, Gareth S. Evans, Mark Gee, Samantha Hall, Stephanie Kitchen, Denis Koltsov, Alex Price, Rachel Smith, Fatima Nasser
The term advanced materials (AM) is used widely to cover a large number of diverse new innovative materials, including nanomaterials, advanced composites, innovative surface coatings, (bio)polymers, porous and particle systems, ceramics, smart and metamaterials and advanced fibres and textiles. With any new materials, there are commercial and performance advantages that need to be balanced with any potential environmental, health and safety issues, for example, around exposure, toxicity, sustainability and waste. Key players in the UK from government bodies, research, measurement and standardisation organisations, academia and industry came together to consider these issues via two online workshops in April 2021 and February 2023. At each event, scene-setting presentations by key experts were followed by discussions addressing salient issues, including, benefits and barriers to AM commercialisation, potential environmental, health and safety issues, and safe(r) by design approaches. The first workshop served as a starting point to share views on the potential societal benefits of AM and perceived obstacles to their wider adoption. The second workshop focused on safety by design, life cycle analysis and challenges faced at different points in the supply chain. In addition to confirming findings from previous studies, these workshops also highlighted specific challenges that are faced by small to medium sized enterprises (SME). These workshops provided a unique opportunity for policy makers, regulators, standardisation bodies, funding bodies and academia to understand the concerns of industry and researchers, who develop and work with AM. This included what they felt would help support them in their aims of developing innovative, commercially successful, safe and sustainable AM.
{"title":"Safe and sustainable development of advanced materials: UK National Knowledge Sharing Network Workshops","authors":"Charles A. Clifford, Delphine Bard, Fernando A. Castro, Gareth S. Evans, Mark Gee, Samantha Hall, Stephanie Kitchen, Denis Koltsov, Alex Price, Rachel Smith, Fatima Nasser","doi":"10.1039/d4en00555d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00555d","url":null,"abstract":"The term advanced materials (AM) is used widely to cover a large number of diverse new innovative materials, including nanomaterials, advanced composites, innovative surface coatings, (bio)polymers, porous and particle systems, ceramics, smart and metamaterials and advanced fibres and textiles. With any new materials, there are commercial and performance advantages that need to be balanced with any potential environmental, health and safety issues, for example, around exposure, toxicity, sustainability and waste. Key players in the UK from government bodies, research, measurement and standardisation organisations, academia and industry came together to consider these issues <em>via</em> two online workshops in April 2021 and February 2023. At each event, scene-setting presentations by key experts were followed by discussions addressing salient issues, including, benefits and barriers to AM commercialisation, potential environmental, health and safety issues, and safe(r) by design approaches. The first workshop served as a starting point to share views on the potential societal benefits of AM and perceived obstacles to their wider adoption. The second workshop focused on safety by design, life cycle analysis and challenges faced at different points in the supply chain. In addition to confirming findings from previous studies, these workshops also highlighted specific challenges that are faced by small to medium sized enterprises (SME). These workshops provided a unique opportunity for policy makers, regulators, standardisation bodies, funding bodies and academia to understand the concerns of industry and researchers, who develop and work with AM. This included what they felt would help support them in their aims of developing innovative, commercially successful, safe and sustainable AM.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current research work is an initiative taken for the remediation of water contaminated with carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) by employing microemulsion (ME) and cloud point extraction (CPE) methodologies. CNMs viz., graphene oxide (GO) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersed in water (2000 mg/L) were extracted in the oil phase and surfactant phase based on optimized ME and CPE parameters which include oil, pH, incubation temperature, the content of non-ionic-surfactants (Triton X-100) and NaCl. The supernatant and extracted CNMs from the ME and CPE experiments were analyzed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, DLS, SEM, TEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. The disappearance of characteristic peaks of GO and MWCNT in the UV–Vis, Raman, and DLS spectra of the treated water samples signifies the absence of nanoparticles in the remediated water. A highly efficient removal (~ 97%) of GO and MWCNT from contaminated water through CPE in one cycle was achieved compared to ME (~ 90%) in two recovery cycles. Thus, the CPE technique efficiently removes CNMs from polluted water for their benign disposal, mitigating potential ecological and health risks.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Recovery of Carbon Nanomaterials from an Aqueous Environment Employing Oil-Based Microemulsion and Surfactant-based Cloud Point Extraction","authors":"Lavi Dhiman, Dinesh Bhardwaj, Vikas Kumar Gahlot, Shalini Anand, Santosh Kumar Singh, Pramod Kumar Rai","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07760-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07760-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current research work is an initiative taken for the remediation of water contaminated with carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) by employing microemulsion (ME) and cloud point extraction (CPE) methodologies. CNMs viz., graphene oxide (GO) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersed in water (2000 mg/L) were extracted in the oil phase and surfactant phase based on optimized ME and CPE parameters which include oil, pH, incubation temperature, the content of non-ionic-surfactants (Triton X-100) and NaCl. The supernatant and extracted CNMs from the ME and CPE experiments were analyzed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, DLS, SEM, TEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. The disappearance of characteristic peaks of GO and MWCNT in the UV–Vis, Raman, and DLS spectra of the treated water samples signifies the absence of nanoparticles in the remediated water. A highly efficient removal (~ 97%) of GO and MWCNT from contaminated water through CPE in one cycle was achieved compared to ME (~ 90%) in two recovery cycles. Thus, the CPE technique efficiently removes CNMs from polluted water for their benign disposal, mitigating potential ecological and health risks.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102969
Samuel Mackay , Rob Hales , John Hewson , Rosemary Addis , Brendan Mackey
More than 1 degree of global warming has been reached and once projected impacts are now being realized. Despite these impacts and the short timeframe available to avoid further warming, climate inaction remains a major threat to sustainable development. In this article, we bring a renewed focus to the issue of climate inaction. We unpack the systemic market failure that underpins current climate action efforts globally and how by shifting focus to address inaction this could be overcome. We explore how climate policies are inadvertently allowing climate inaction to persist, why this is happening and how to address it. Central to our argument is that climate policies still draw too heavily on a neoclassical development paradigm, rather than reinvigorated industrial policy, resulting in market interventions that fail to address the scale and systemic nature of the climate action challenge. We therefore reorient climate policies towards addressing inaction as a systemic development challenge that demands a stronger role from the government. We conclude by proposing a market systems framework for guiding policymakers to better target the systemic nature of climate inaction and the threat it poses to sustainable development.
{"title":"Addressing climate inaction as our greatest threat to sustainable development","authors":"Samuel Mackay , Rob Hales , John Hewson , Rosemary Addis , Brendan Mackey","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>More than 1 degree of global warming has been reached and once projected impacts are now being realized. Despite these impacts and the short timeframe available to avoid further warming, climate inaction remains a major threat to sustainable development. In this article, we bring a renewed focus to the issue of climate inaction. We unpack the systemic market failure that underpins current climate action efforts globally and how by shifting focus to address inaction this could be overcome. We explore how climate policies are inadvertently allowing climate inaction to persist, why this is happening and how to address it. Central to our argument is that climate policies still draw too heavily on a neoclassical development paradigm, rather than reinvigorated industrial policy, resulting in market interventions that fail to address the scale and systemic nature of the climate action challenge. We therefore reorient climate policies towards addressing inaction as a systemic development challenge that demands a stronger role from the government. We conclude by proposing a market systems framework for guiding policymakers to better target the systemic nature of climate inaction and the threat it poses to sustainable development<em>.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102969"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Priya Mandal, Vikramjeet Singh, Jianhui Zhang, Manish K. Tiwari
Transparent non-wetting surfaces with mechanical robustness are critical for applications such as contamination prevention, (anti-)condensation, anti-icing, anti-biofouling, etc. The surface treatments in these applications often use hazardous per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are bio-persistent or have compromised durability due to weak polymer/particle interfacial interactions. Hence, developing new approaches to synthesise non-fluorinated liquid-repellent coatings with attributes such as scalable fabrication, transparency, and mechanical durability is important. Here, we present a water-based spray formulation to fabricate non-fluorinated amphiphobic (repellent to both water and low surface tension liquids) coatings by combining polyurethane and porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) followed by post-functionalisation with flexible alkyl silanes. Owing to intercalation of polyurethane chains into MOF pores, akin to robust bicontinuous structures in nature, these coatings show excellent impact robustness, resisting high-speed water jets (∼35 m s−1), and a very low ice adhesion strength of ≤30 kPa across multiple icing/de-icing cycles. These surfaces are also smooth and highly transparent, and exhibit excellent amphiphobicity towards a range of low surface tension liquids from water to alcohols and ketones. The multi-functionality, robustness and potential scalability of our approach make this formulation a good alternative to hazardous PFAS-based coatings or solid particle/polymer nanocomposites.
{"title":"Intercalated MOF nanocomposites: robust, fluorine-free and waterborne amphiphobic coatings","authors":"Priya Mandal, Vikramjeet Singh, Jianhui Zhang, Manish K. Tiwari","doi":"10.1039/d4en00762j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00762j","url":null,"abstract":"Transparent non-wetting surfaces with mechanical robustness are critical for applications such as contamination prevention, (anti-)condensation, anti-icing, anti-biofouling, <em>etc.</em> The surface treatments in these applications often use hazardous per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are bio-persistent or have compromised durability due to weak polymer/particle interfacial interactions. Hence, developing new approaches to synthesise non-fluorinated liquid-repellent coatings with attributes such as scalable fabrication, transparency, and mechanical durability is important. Here, we present a water-based spray formulation to fabricate non-fluorinated amphiphobic (repellent to both water and low surface tension liquids) coatings by combining polyurethane and porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) followed by post-functionalisation with flexible alkyl silanes. Owing to intercalation of polyurethane chains into MOF pores, akin to robust bicontinuous structures in nature, these coatings show excellent impact robustness, resisting high-speed water jets (∼35 m s<small><sup>−1</sup></small>), and a very low ice adhesion strength of ≤30 kPa across multiple icing/de-icing cycles. These surfaces are also smooth and highly transparent, and exhibit excellent amphiphobicity towards a range of low surface tension liquids from water to alcohols and ketones. The multi-functionality, robustness and potential scalability of our approach make this formulation a good alternative to hazardous PFAS-based coatings or solid particle/polymer nanocomposites.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aaron Goodman, Brianna Benner, Manuel David Montaño
The development and application of engineered nanomaterials has required pushing the boundaries of analytical instrumentation in order to detect, quantify and characterize the properties and behaviors of materials at the nanoscale. One technique, single particle ICP-MS, has stood apart for its ability to characterize and quantify inorganic nanomaterials at low concentrations and in complex environmental and biological media. For the past 20 years, this technique has matured significantly, with an ever-expanding scope of application. Where initially it was capable of analyzing precious metal nanoparticles in relatively pristine solutions, now it can be used to characterize multiple different NP populations of varying elemental and isotopic compositions. The types of materials analyzed now extend beyond traditional metallic NPs, with such varied materials as nanominerals, carbon nanotubes, biological cells, and microplastics. In this perspective, we examine the key developments in the past decade of spICP-MS and aim to provide a vision for what this field may look like 10 years from now. The study of nanoparticles, both natural and engineered, will continue to play a vital role in our understanding of climate change, anthropogenic impact, and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and contaminants in a rapidly changing environment.
{"title":"Out of the Lab and into the Environment: The Evolution of Single Particle ICP-MS Over the Past Decade","authors":"Aaron Goodman, Brianna Benner, Manuel David Montaño","doi":"10.1039/d4en00804a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00804a","url":null,"abstract":"The development and application of engineered nanomaterials has required pushing the boundaries of analytical instrumentation in order to detect, quantify and characterize the properties and behaviors of materials at the nanoscale. One technique, single particle ICP-MS, has stood apart for its ability to characterize and quantify inorganic nanomaterials at low concentrations and in complex environmental and biological media. For the past 20 years, this technique has matured significantly, with an ever-expanding scope of application. Where initially it was capable of analyzing precious metal nanoparticles in relatively pristine solutions, now it can be used to characterize multiple different NP populations of varying elemental and isotopic compositions. The types of materials analyzed now extend beyond traditional metallic NPs, with such varied materials as nanominerals, carbon nanotubes, biological cells, and microplastics. In this perspective, we examine the key developments in the past decade of spICP-MS and aim to provide a vision for what this field may look like 10 years from now. The study of nanoparticles, both natural and engineered, will continue to play a vital role in our understanding of climate change, anthropogenic impact, and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and contaminants in a rapidly changing environment.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing efficient, non-toxic (or low toxicity), low-cost, and long-lasting antibacterial and algae-inhibiting materials is an important issue closely related to human health. Coral sand, due to its porous and biologically residual nature, is an environmentally friendly pure natural material, and its application in the field of environment has attracted attention. This study used coral sand as a carrier to immobilize nano silver and obtained the composite material coral sand-Ag (CS-Ag), which could release nano silver in a slow-release manner to achieve the purpose of continuous sterilization and algae inhibition. The research results showed that 44.2% of silver ions could be sustained within one week, demonstrating a silver sustained release effect. There were obvious antibacterial circles around the CS-Ag composite material, with a diameter of 22.5 ± 0.1 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 24.1 ± 0.1 mm for Escherichia coli. The bactericidal activity of silver-loaded coral sand was affected by environmental temperature and pH value. SEM observations showed that silver-loaded coral sand caused scars or holes on the surface of bacterial cells, which also confirmed its ability to damage bacterial cells. This material also had an inhibitory effect on single-cell algae. In the treatment group with a concentration of 1.0 g L−1, the inhibition efficiency of CS-Ag on the growth of microalgae for 96 h can reach 89.7%. The addition of silver-loaded coral sand also affected the structural morphology of algal cells and the synthesis of chlorophyll a, thereby inhibiting photosynthesis and respiration, respectively. The high concentration of silver-loaded coral sand almost completely inhibited the photosynthesis and respiration of algal cells. Therefore, CS-Ag is expected to achieve the removal of bacteria and algae in intensive aquaculture water and achieve harmless disease control.
{"title":"Enhanced antibacterial and algae inhibition performance by coral sand-supported nano-Ag composites","authors":"Sufeng Wang, Fengjing Lv, Wen Zhang, Jingshan Li, Mingyang Lin, Zhengyi Tao","doi":"10.1039/d4en01057d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en01057d","url":null,"abstract":"Developing efficient, non-toxic (or low toxicity), low-cost, and long-lasting antibacterial and algae-inhibiting materials is an important issue closely related to human health. Coral sand, due to its porous and biologically residual nature, is an environmentally friendly pure natural material, and its application in the field of environment has attracted attention. This study used coral sand as a carrier to immobilize nano silver and obtained the composite material coral sand-Ag (CS-Ag), which could release nano silver in a slow-release manner to achieve the purpose of continuous sterilization and algae inhibition. The research results showed that 44.2% of silver ions could be sustained within one week, demonstrating a silver sustained release effect. There were obvious antibacterial circles around the CS-Ag composite material, with a diameter of 22.5 ± 0.1 mm for <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and 24.1 ± 0.1 mm for <em>Escherichia coli</em>. The bactericidal activity of silver-loaded coral sand was affected by environmental temperature and pH value. SEM observations showed that silver-loaded coral sand caused scars or holes on the surface of bacterial cells, which also confirmed its ability to damage bacterial cells. This material also had an inhibitory effect on single-cell algae. In the treatment group with a concentration of 1.0 g L<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, the inhibition efficiency of CS-Ag on the growth of microalgae for 96 h can reach 89.7%. The addition of silver-loaded coral sand also affected the structural morphology of algal cells and the synthesis of chlorophyll <em>a</em>, thereby inhibiting photosynthesis and respiration, respectively. The high concentration of silver-loaded coral sand almost completely inhibited the photosynthesis and respiration of algal cells. Therefore, CS-Ag is expected to achieve the removal of bacteria and algae in intensive aquaculture water and achieve harmless disease control.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102966
Lukas Rudolph , Vally Koubi , Jan Freihardt
The argument that environmental stress is an important driver of migration has gained renewed attention amidst increasing climatic changes. This study examines whether and how two distinct environmental stressors influence migration aspirations among affected populations. Our analysis relies on two waves of original survey data of 1,594 households residing in 36 villages along the 250 km of the Jamuna River in Bangladesh, an area heavily impacted by floods and riverbank erosion. The results reveal that riverbank erosion – a long-term environmental event causing permanent destruction – increases aspirations for internal, permanent migration by about 15 percentage points, 4 to 6 months after the occurrence. In contrast, sudden and short-term events, like floods, which have a more temporary impact, do not affect migration aspirations. These results suggest that the type of environmental event shapes adaptation strategies, with migration emerging as a viable response to more severe and lasting events such as erosion. This entails important policy implications regarding the effects of climate change on future patterns of internal migration and highlights that most affected individuals prefer to adapt to environmental stress in situ or within close proximity.
{"title":"Environmental change and migration aspirations: Evidence from Bangladesh","authors":"Lukas Rudolph , Vally Koubi , Jan Freihardt","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The argument that environmental stress is an important driver of migration has gained renewed attention amidst increasing climatic changes. This study examines whether and how two distinct environmental stressors influence migration aspirations among affected populations. Our analysis relies on two waves of original survey data of 1,594 households residing in 36 villages along the 250 km of the Jamuna River in Bangladesh, an area heavily impacted by floods and riverbank erosion. The results reveal that riverbank erosion – a long-term environmental event causing permanent destruction – increases aspirations for internal, permanent migration by about 15 percentage points, 4 to 6 months after the occurrence. In contrast, sudden and short-term events, like floods, which have a more temporary impact, do not affect migration aspirations. These results suggest that the type of environmental event shapes adaptation strategies, with migration emerging as a viable response to more severe and lasting events such as erosion. This entails important policy implications regarding the effects of climate change on future patterns of internal migration and highlights that most affected individuals prefer to adapt to environmental stress <em>in situ</em> or within close proximity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102966"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many butterfly species are conspicuous flower visitors. However, understanding their flower visitation patterns in natural habitats remains challenging due to the difficulty of tracking individual butterflies. Therefore, we aimed at establishing a protocol to solve the problem using the Common five-ring butterfly, Ypthima argus (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Focusing on the pollen grains attached the butterfly’s body surface, we examined validities of two pollen analyses based on pollen morphology and DNA markers (ITS1 and ITS2), in addition to the classical route census method. We captured thirty-nine butterflies from mid-April to early July and collected pollen grains from each individual. Morphological and DNA analyses of collected pollens identified eighteen and thirty-four taxa of insect pollinated plants respectively, including woody plants such as Castanopsis. The DNA analysis detected as many as thirteen plant taxa from a single butterfly, indicating its high sensitivity for detecting flower visitation. We detected more plant taxa in May when many individuals were flying. This is assumingly related to the post emergence days of the butterflies with more foraging experience. We also found that fluctuations of pollen grain numbers of Leucanthemum vulgare and Erigeron philadelphicus on individual butterflies depend on their flowering periods overlapping partly. Consequently, we conclude that pollen morphology and DNA barcoding analysis, and field observations are mutually complementary techniques, providing an integrated pollen analysis method to study the pollination ecology of butterflies.
{"title":"Morphological and DNA analysis of pollen grains on butterfly individuals reveal their flower visitation history","authors":"Yu Nammoku, Aoi Nikkeshi, Yohey Terai, Atsushi Ushimaru, Michiyo Kinoshita","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-01958-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-01958-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many butterfly species are conspicuous flower visitors. However, understanding their flower visitation patterns in natural habitats remains challenging due to the difficulty of tracking individual butterflies. Therefore, we aimed at establishing a protocol to solve the problem using the Common five-ring butterfly, <i>Ypthima argus</i> (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Focusing on the pollen grains attached the butterfly’s body surface, we examined validities of two pollen analyses based on pollen morphology and DNA markers (ITS1 and ITS2), in addition to the classical route census method. We captured thirty-nine butterflies from mid-April to early July and collected pollen grains from each individual. Morphological and DNA analyses of collected pollens identified eighteen and thirty-four taxa of insect pollinated plants respectively, including woody plants such as <i>Castanopsis</i>. The DNA analysis detected as many as thirteen plant taxa from a single butterfly, indicating its high sensitivity for detecting flower visitation. We detected more plant taxa in May when many individuals were flying. This is assumingly related to the post emergence days of the butterflies with more foraging experience. We also found that fluctuations of pollen grain numbers of <i>Leucanthemum vulgare</i> and <i>Erigeron philadelphicus</i> on individual butterflies depend on their flowering periods overlapping partly. Consequently, we conclude that pollen morphology and DNA barcoding analysis, and field observations are mutually complementary techniques, providing an integrated pollen analysis method to study the pollination ecology of butterflies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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